1 . Life in 2060

An international group of 40 scientists have made some very surprising predictions about the future. They say that in the next 50 years the way we live will change beyond our wildest dreams.

    1     With regular injections, centenarians will be as vigorous as today’s 60-year-olds. Women will be able to give birth well into old age; their biological clocks could be extended by 10 years.

Professor Ellen Heber-Katz says: “    2    ” Damaged parts will be replaced. Within 50 years whole-body replacement will be routine. But doctors will need huge supplies of organs for transplant. Where will they come from? Scientists say these could be grown inside animals from human cells.

Professor Susan Greenfield of Oxford University says, “in 50 years’ time we may have a clearer idea of how the brain generates consciousness.” Studies of the brain and the nature of consciousness will bring much greater understanding of disorders such as depression. Other scientists go further than Professor Greenfield. They believe that by 2060 computers will develop their own consciousness and emotions.     3    

Thanks to a device which can ‘read’ emotions, feelings, and thoughts, we will be able   to ‘talk’ to animals. The story of Dr. Dolittle will be fact, not fiction. “    4    ” says Professor Daniel Pauly from Canada. “so we might all become vegetarian.”

A．People will take for granted that injured or diseased organs can be repaired in much the same way as we fix a car.

B．This device could first work with primates(灵长类), then mammals, then other vertebrates, including fish.

C．Within 50 years, living to 100 years old while will enjoying active, healthy lives will be a common thing.

D．A number of scientists predict that the biggest breakthrough in the next 50 years will be the discovery of extra-planet beings.

E．Human beings may eventually be replaced by computers in some areas of life.

F．We don’t yet know how the brain gives us our awareness of being alive.

2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Will Experimentation on Animals End?

One of the most debatable issues in science is the use of animals in research. Scientists experiment on animals for different reasons, including basic research to explore how organisms function, investigating potential treatments for human disease, and safety and quality control testing of drugs, devices and other products.

    1    However, opponents believe it is cruel and meaningless, as observations in animals often do not translate directly to humans.

In 1959, William Russell and Rex Burch proposed their “3Rs” guidelines for making the use of animals in scientific research more humane: restrict the use of animals; refine experiments to minimize distress; and replace tests with alternative techniques.     2     Around 29 million animals per year are currently used in experiments in the U.S. and Europeans Union countries. This is less than half the total in the mid-1970s —— a significant drop.

    3    Improvements in imaging methods that offer a look inside the bodies of animals allow scientists to get more and better data from each experiment than before.

For example, researchers previously had to do experiments with multiple mice at different stages of cancer development, but now they can watch the disease develop in a single living animal using a dye. Similarly, as brain-imaging techniques become more advanced, some questions that were addressed with experiments in monkeys before may be better answered by looking into the human brain now. “    4    ” says Larry Carbone, a senior veterinarian(兽医) at the University of California in San Francisco.

A．Over the course of five decades their guidelines have become widely accepted worldwide.

B．The awareness of animal protection contributes to the decline of the number.

C．Human volunteers must be able to replace monkeys more and more in the next 10 to 20 years.

D．New experimental techniques help to push numbers down.

E．Its supporters point to the long list of medical advances made possible with the help of animal research.

F．The number of the animals used in research is still considerable.