（1）你对本次比赛主题的理解；
（2）举例说明；
（3）号召全校同学行动起来贡献自己的一份力量。
注意：
（1）次数不少于100；
（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
（3）开头已为你写好，不计入词数。
Good morning, everyone. It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on “Clear Waters and Lush Mountains Are as Valuable as Gold and Silver”.
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2 . Some of Earth’s plants have fallen in love with metal. With roots that act practically like magnets (磁铁), these organisms—about 700 are known—flourish in metal-rich soils that make hundreds of thousands of other plant species flee or die.
Slicing open one of these trees or running the leaves of its bush cousin through a peanut press produces a blue-green “juice”. This “juice” is netually one-quarter nickel (镍), far more concentrated than the one feeding the world’s nickel smelters (熔炉).
The plants not only collect the soil’s minerals into their bodies but seem to store them to “ridiculous” levels, said Alan Baker, a visiting botany professor at the University of Melbourne who has researched the relationship between plants and their soils since the 1970s. This vegetation could be the world’s most efficient, solar-powered mineral smelters. What if, as a partial replacement to traditional, energy-intensive and environmentally costly mining and smelting, the world harvested nickel plants?
Dr. Baker and an international team of colleagues have set their sights on convincing the world the idea is more than just a fun thought experiment. On a plot of land rented from a rural village on the Malaysian side of the island of Borneo, the group has proved it at small scale. Every six to 12 months, a farmer shaves off one foot of growth from these nickel-hyper-accumulating plants and either burns or squeezes the metal out. After a short purification (提纯), farmers could hold in their hands roughly 500 pounds of nickel citrate (硝酸镍), potentially worth thousands of dollars on international markets.
Now, as the team scales up to the world’s largest trial at nearly 50 acres, their target audience is industry. In a decade, the researchers hope that a greater consumer demand for base metals and rate minerals could be filled by the same kind of farming that produces the world’s coconuts and coffee.
1. What does the underlined word “flourish” in paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．hide themselves |
| B．attract the attention of others |
| C．die out |
| D．grow well |
| A．Nickel runs along those plants’ leaves. |
| B．The blue-green “juice” contains a high concentration of nickel. |
| C．To produce nickel, those trees should be put into smelters. |
| D．Without peanut press, the blue-green “juice” can’t be produced. |
| A．Dr. Baker and his group have already started testing this plant in large quantities. |
| B．This vegetation contains a high content of nickel. |
| C．Farmers will cut down the plants and burn the metal out every six to 12 months. |
| D．Dr. Baker and his group have made a fortune from the vegetation. |
| A．An introduction of metal-purification technology. |
| B．The use of nickel-hyper-accumulating plants. |
| C．The discovery of nickel-hyper-accumulating plants. |
| D．The farming for metals. |
| A．Short-sighted. | B．Wait-and-see. |
| C．Optimistic. | D．Skeptical. |
3 . Nature has inspired many of the most fascination designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic (模仿) the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
ArtScience Museum, Singapore
ArtScience Museum was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Eastgate Centre, Harare
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry (生物仿生). To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites (白蚁) were constructing their nests. The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
The Algae (藻类) House, Hamburg
The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and proved shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
1. What is the author’s purpose in writing the message?| A．To introduce three biomimicry architects. |
| B．To show how nature fits into architecture. |
| C．To tell us how to use less energy and do less damage to the environment. |
| D．To show some buildings of the future. |
| A．ArtScience Museum looks like a flower. |
| B．The waterfall in the center of the space is formed naturally. |
| C．While in the building, visitors always find themselves in urban areas. |
| D．ArtScience Museum was designed to collect rainwater. |
| A．It was built according to the forms and processes of nature. |
| B．It is shaped like a termite nest. |
| C．Its design relics on traditional air conditioning and beating systems. |
| D．Without those holes, the building wouldn’t work. |
| A．The algae need to feed/ |
| B．The algae can be used to produce fuel/ |
| C．It’s the only algae-powered building in the world. |
| D．Panels containing algae cover the surface of the apartment. |
| A．Nature in architecture |
| B．The development of architecture |
| C．Charm of biomimicry |
| D．In harmony with the building |
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注意：1.词数不少于100，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：一次性筷子disposable chopsticks
A Low-carbon Day
The students in our class took part in an activity called “Experience a low-carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation.
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1. 邀请原因；
2. 活动时询、地点和内容；
3. 你的期望。
注意：
1. 词数不少于100；
2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear David,
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The development of human society brings us opportunities as well as challenges. One of these challenges is how to live harmoniously with nature.
Millions of years ago, our ancestors realized that they were entirely dependent on nature. They made for themselves totems symbolizing plants or animals. By doing this they showed great respect for nature and also showed us that mankind and nature should not be divided as, they were originally one. Yet this delicate balance between humans and nature has long been ignored and now the damage is done.
Today, around the globe, as many as three species die every 60 minutes. “Species that become extinct are lost forever. We can't bring them back,” says biologist Stuart Pimm. At this rate, in the following 50 years, all known species could disappear. The collective actions of man are changing the course of rivers and streams and altering the atmosphere's protective ozone layer. These may bring an end to the lives of creatures on Earth. With the gradual extinction of a number of species, we are getting lonelier and taking 'a step closer to our own extinction.
We cannot exist without biodiversity. But how? What strategy can satisfy both immediate human needs and long-term environmental protection? The answer is the sustainable development that maintains economic growth and at the same time protects our environment. For example, conservationists have never stopped searching for ways to protect biodiversity. Thanks to their ceaseless effort, an increasing number of biological breakthroughs will benefit the survival of the species. More and more people realize what biodiversity means to us. And we do need a revival of the respect that our ancestors used to give to nature.
We shall always remember don't ask what nature can do for us; ask what wean do for nature.
1. How did our ancestors show respect for nature? (no more than 10 words)2. How many species are dying out every day globally today?(no more than 2 words)
3. According to the passage, what is sustainable development?(no more than 15 words)
4. What causes the increasing number of biological breakthroughs?(no more than 5 words)
7 . Climate change can happen naturally or in response to human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests. Burning fossil fuels creates gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. In fact, about 90 percent of the heat is absorbed by the ocean. So it’s really important to track the oceans’ warming, says Jörn Callies. He’s an oceanographer at the California Institute of Technology. Tracking how that heat affects the ocean is difficult because of its depth and size, though. This makes it hard for scientists to understand long-term changes in temperature.
In September 2020, Callies and other scientists reported a new way to check the temperature of the ocean. As temperature affects how fast sound travels (sound travels faster in warmer water than colder water). Scientists originally proposed using sounds produced by machines to measure ocean warming, but it would affect marine animals. Whales, for example, use sound to communicate. Finally, Callies and his team showed they could use the natural sounds produced by earthquake instead.
For their study, the scientists looked at data for 2,000 pairs of earthquakes. Each earthquakes pair happened in the same place but at different times. What did the scientists find? The sound waves traveled a few tenths of a second faster in more recent quakes than in older ones. This difference suggests a warming trend of 0.04 degrees Celsius (about 0.08 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade. A tiny amount of a degree may not sound like a lot. But it represents a huge of heat that the ocean absorbed. It takes a lot of heat to change the temperature of a body of water almost 3,200 kilometers (2,000 miles) wide and several kilometers deep.
However, Callies says it’s not the time to worry about that yet. They don’t know if the warming is only specific to the one region (East Indian Ocean) or if it’s happening elsewhere. “We just don’t have the data yet.” he says.
1. The heat caused by burning fossil fuels is mainly ________.| A．cleared by the forest | B．disappearing naturally |
| C．taken in by ocean | D．trapped by human activities |
| A．scientists can’t understand the changes in temperature |
| B．measuring the temperatures cost too much |
| C．the changes in temperature is too small |
| D．oceans are so deep and big to measure |
| A．natural sounds is less harmful to marine animals |
| B．sounds produced by machines are not correct |
| C．marine animals absorb sounds produced by machines |
| D．sounds produced by earthquakes travels faster than those by machines |
| A．The change of sound sped affects temperature. |
| B．The change in the ocean’s heat can be ignored. |
| C．The experiment was not a success. |
| D．The change in the ocean’s heats is actually very big. |
| A．Study should be continued and more data need to be collected. |
| B．There is no need to worry about the climate change. |
| C．He lost confidence in the study. |
| D．The scientists can’t analyze the data correctly. |
8 . Picking up free newspaper at the Tube station, I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot!”. Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees. The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. It's going to be awful on the central line with no air conditioning. Why did they have to invent the Tube before air conditioning? It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest. It's the hottest on the whole tube system.
Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting. This, however, is nothing compared to the train. Because there's no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees! It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you are wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers. I'm sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one. I had bacon and eggs for breakfast and now I'm feeling a bit sick — I hope I can make it to bank station. I will avoid the feeling by thinking about work. I work in a tall, glass building. One very hot summer, the sun reflected off it and melted cars park below. Will this happen again today?
Yes, each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared. Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future. I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat. That way, when the Thames rises and there is a flood in London, I'll still be able to get to work. But wait! Would I still have a workplace to go? My office is only on the third floor of the building, so quite low. I'll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor. Most importantly, I will need to learn to swim! I would join a beginner swimming class immediately. Then I'll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.
Looking through my newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. What's more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides, and the heat across the Southern Europe has caused forest fires. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. Now that it's hard to avoid disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. . .
“The next station is bank!” comes the announcement. That's my destination. stepping out of the station with a heavy heart, I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all, it's only 30 degrees outside!
1. What is true about the Central Line in Paragraph 1?| A．The Central Line is one of the oldest Tube lines in London |
| B．The temperature in the Central Line is between 22 to 30 degrees |
| C．The air conditioning of the Central Line makes passengers feel awful |
| D．The Central Line is the hottest because it is the deepest line of the tube system |
| A．The author tried to endure the sick feeling on his / her own |
| B．The author wanted to taste bacon and eggs at the bank station |
| C．The author was thinking about saving his / her money in the bank: |
| D．The author was worried about the hot environment at the station |
| A．The author will buy a flat which is far away from the Thames |
| B．The author will try to persuade the manager to move to the top floor |
| C．Tie author will improve his / her swimming skills to join a competition |
| D．The author will buy a boat from which he / she can jump into the water |
| A．The climate in different regions on Earth varies greatly |
| B．The natural disasters can be avoided by moving to space |
| C．Bad weathers happen more frequently due to climate change |
| D．The author is reading the weather forecast section carefully |
| A．To complain about the London Tube |
| B．To warn people about the danger of London being flooded |
| C．To explain why summers in London are getting hotter and hotter |
| D．To express his worries about the dangers of extreme weather conditions |
9 . Every child who grows up in a big family needs a little peace sometimes. As a little girl, Nalini Nadkarni discovered one place where she could always find it. She would climb up into the tall trees around her home. There, high in the trees, she made herself a promise. One day, she would become someone who could use her love of trees to help protect them.
As she grew, she became interested in the rainforest. Looking up into the forest trees, Nalini thought there were surely things to be learned in the treetops. She was told, however, that there was nothing important to learn high above her head. Luckily, that didn't stop her. Instead, she used her rock climbing skills to safely reach the forest treetops. There, she discovered the whole ecosystem. It needed to be studied so scientists could get deeper understanding of the rainforest.
Dr Nadkarni also discovered the importance of canopy soil (树冠层土壤). When mosses(藓)and other plants that live on trees die, they slowly become canopy soil. The soil is nutrient-rich, and the whole ecosystem depends on it. Even the trees themselves take nutrients from canopy soil.
To create greater interest in forest studies, Dr Nadkarni really got creative. In the early 2000s, she bought second hand Barbie dolls and turned them into "forest Barbies". Finally, Mattel, the company behind Barbie, used Dr Nadkarni's idea to create dolls to make science interesting to children everywhere. Now, Dr Nadkarni can truly consider her childhood promise well kept.
1. When Dr Nadkarni was a little girl, she could find peace________.| A．in the tall trees |
| B．in the rainforest |
| C．when she was doing research |
| D．when she was with her family |
| A．the forest treetops |
| B．a different opinion |
| C．Dr Nadkarni's bad luck |
| D．the dangers of climbing trees |
| A．What canopy soil is. |
| B．How a new ecosystem was found. |
| C．Dr Nadkarni's childhood promise. |
| D．One of Dr Nadkarni's discoveries. |
| A．raise money for her research |
| B．help Mattel reach more children |
| C．make her childhood dream come true |
| D．make children more interested in science |
| A．She is a creative scientist. |
| B．She can't keep her promise. |
| C．She was born into a small family. |
| D．She loved Barbie dolls as a little girl. |
Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live in? It's home
A long time ago, I started thinking about what I could do to help take care of the planet. I wondered
One thing I've learned is that a lot of people feel like
