1 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

In her small town, Emma was known for her love and respect for all living creatures, and she believed that humans and animals should coexist peacefully and harmoniously. One day, while hiking in the nearby woods, Emma spotted a wounded (受伤的) deer caught in a hunter's trap. Without hesitation, she carefully freed the deer and nursed it back to health.

Over the next few weeks, Emma devoted her time and energy to caring for the deer. She visited it every day after school, bringing fresh fruits and vegetables. She carefully examined its wounds, applying some medicine to help it get better and prevent infection. As the days went by, the deer began to regain its strength, and Emma was overjoyed to see it stand on its legs once again.

Emma also took the time to learn about deer behavior and their natural habitat. She researched the best foods to feed the deer and created a comfortable place for it to rest in during the day. She even made a small water fountain to ensure that the deer had access to clean drinking water.

As the weeks turned into months. Emma watched as the deer grew stronger and more confident. It would often follow her around the backyard, nudging (轻推) her playfully with its nose. Emma felt a deep sense of satisfaction knowing that she had played a part in saving this beautiful creature's life.

One sunny afternoon, as Emma sat in her backyard reading a book, she heard a familiar sound. She looked up and saw the deer standing near her, looking at her with gentle eyes. It was clear that the deer had fully recovered and was ready to return to the wild.

Emma felt a sense of sadness but also knew that it was time for the deer to go back to its natural habitat. She opened the gate and watched as the deer bounded away, disappearing into the forest. From that day on, Emma continued to care for animals in need, knowing that she had made a difference in the life of at least one creature.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Months later, Emma had almost forgotten about the deer when one day, she received an unexpected visitor.

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From that day on, the deer became a regular visitor to Emma's backyard.

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3 . Most animals are active around people, which makes observing them in the wild a challenging effort for researchers. The issue is worsened with naturally shy creatures like emperor penguins (企鹅), who show signs of physical sorrow in front of humans.

The French scientist Le Maho and his team began a project to test if sending tiny robots to collect the required information would affect the penguins as harmfully. They began by fitting 34 emperor penguins with outside heart rate monitors, which could be read from a distance of 60 centimeters. They then sent a simple, four wheeled robot into a place of hatching penguins that were stationary because they were using their legs to protect eggs.

Though the penguins were a little alarmed and even cried, they did allow the robot to read their heart monitors. Even more encouraging was the fact that as soon as the robot stopped moving, the penguins' heart rates returned to normal, much more rapidly than when humans entered the place.

However, for the extremely shy emperor penguins it was still too disturbing. After some discussions, their first attempt failed terribly. Fortunately, the scientists decided to try to cover the robot as a penguin chick for Le Maho's team, a British production company working on a news film, and it was also trying getting into the penguin place using secret cameras. The two worked together to create a lovely chick robot that the emperor penguins immediately considered as one of their own.

Covered in soft fuzz (绒毛) just like a real baby emperor penguin, it is so believable that the chicks gather around it, just as they do with each other. The penguins not only accept the robot, but they even sing to it, and appear a little disappointed when the “chick” doesn't respond—an error the scientists plan to correct with the next group of robot penguins. Not surprisingly, the penguins show almost no stress as the lovely “spy” walks around the place, gathering all kinds of information about their day-to-day lives.

1. Once humans approach emperor penguins, they tend to        .

A．show their shyness	B．feel disturbed and sad
C．take action more actively	D．dive into the sea right away

2. What does the underlined word “stationary” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Still.

B．Strong.

C．Hungry.

D．Dynamic.

3. What is the advantage of the chick robot compared with the four wheeled robot?

A．It has two creative working teams.

B．It has made less errors in gathering information.

C．It is more believable to get close to the real penguins.

D．It is more capable of communicating with the real penguins.

4. What will the scientists do with the next group of robot penguins?

A．Fix new heart monitors to get accurate heart rates.

B．Develop their audio system and get them to sing.

C．Change their looks and make them look more lovely.

D．Improve the technique to restore their communicative function.

5 . Whenever I order food for delivery, I play a little game to guess how many sets of tableware(餐具)the restaurant will provide with my meal. Sometimes restaurants will throw in two, three or four sets for just one order. But I rarely need any tableware at all, and the waste goes into the trash or collects dust in a kitchen drawer.

Researchers working with Chinese technology group Alibaba tried a simple approach to this problem. Instead of just wastefully doling out tableware, the company required food-delivery customers in some cities in China to pick how many sets of tableware they wanted to receive.The default (默认设置)was set at zero. The result, published today in the journal Science, was a 638% increase in the share of no-tableware orders. If applied across China, researchers found, the approach would save nearly 22 billion sets of plastic tableware. The study doesn’t cover carbon emissions, but it’s safe to say that the impact would be significant. It struck me as a useful reminder of the many low-hanging fruits across the economy that can cut waste, and emissions.

Nudging its customers cost Alibaba nothing more than a few hours of software engineering time and the impact it brought was immense. The concept of nudging comes from the field of behavioral economics known as nudge theory. It suggests that a slight action can encourage good human behavior without the need for policies that limit choice or economic punishment that raises the cost of bad behavior. To nudge customers to eat better, for example, a restaurant might organize its menu by listing healthy options first and bury unhealthy ones at the bottom. More recently, some big companies like Google have also begun to use nudges to advance climate objectives.

Behavioral economics broadly, and nudges more specifically, aren’t without controversy. Some might think it assigns consumers responsibility for addressing environmental challenges. But there is another way to look at it. In the absence of necessary policy—and policy is needed一companies can help encourage a widespread shift of consumer behavior.

And all of that behavioral change can add up. The International Energy Agency found in 2021 that small behavioral changes in energy consumption such as walking instead of driving and adjusting the thermostat could in total shave off 4% of global emissions. The more that companies can do to facilitate such changes, the better.

1. What did Alibaba do with tableware waste?

A．It stopped restaurants from handing out tableware.

B．It withdrew unused tableware from customers.

C．It updated the food -delivery device regularly.

D．It allowed picking tableware at customers’ demand.

2. What do the underlined words “low-hanging fruits” mean in paragraph 2?

A．Easily accessible things.	B．Fast increasing orders.
C．Exceptionally tough choices.	D．Widely accepted strategies.

3. What can we learn about nudge theory from paragraph 3?

A．It brings about economic loss.

B．It results from consumption policies.

C．It indicates small action changes behaviour.

D．It implies bad behaviour impacts economy.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Nudge theory affects behaviors.

B．Good behaviors boost economy.

C．Nudging helps build a greener world.

D．Behavioral economics benefits customers.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When talking about the ancient     1    (architecture) wonders in Shanxi province, which is said to have the largest number of ancient buildings in China, Xuankong Temple in Hengshan Mountain, Hunyuan county is without doubt a classic case rip e for study.

In the minds of many Chinese people,     2    (temple) are mostly seen as structures built on the ground. But Xuankong Temple,     3     means “temple hanging in the sky”, or suspending temple, is a strong exception.

The temple was built on     4     surface of a cliff and is one of only seven ancient temples in China with such a status, according to researchers.

Constructed out of wood, tiles and stone during the Northern Wei Dynasty, the temple is made up of two three-story pavilions (亭子) and a yard     5    (join) by staircases and steps. The staircases and steps run along the surface of a steep cliff rising 90 meters above a stream     6     the foot of the mountain.

Seen from below, Xuankong Temple appears     7    (extreme) precarious (岌岌可危的). It is supported by only a few thin scaffolds (脚手架)     8    (rise) from projecting rocks. For that reason, it     9    (select) by Time magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010.

But “precarious” and “dangerous” are not the right adjectives for this structure preserved for one and a half millennia. Despite several restorations in various historical periods, the temple     10    (survive) the winds, rains and earthquakes in the past 1500 years.

7 . As water levels rise, causing severe erosion, many coastal Puerto Ricans are left watching their homes fall into the sea. A small software company in Puerto Rico called Terra Firma, founded in 2019 by island native Alejandro Mieses, is using satellite data to forecast accurate erosion pain points that might help Puerto Rican city planners better protect their island.

Terra Firma is dealing with the challenge of scattered (分散的) environmental data by creating a single database. Their user-friendly software allows scientists, construction professionals, and government agencies to model and predict environmental risks accurately. Similar to a powerful Google Maps, the software collects data from 1941 to the present, enabling users to predict erosion, landslides, flooding, solar exposure, and wind-related risks for up to 30 years.

This technology, once only available to well-funded projects, is now helping communities and individuals to protect their land. Since Hurricane Maria in 2017, Puerto Rico has focused on rebuilding a stronger island. With Terra Firma’s predictive data on flooding and erosion, city planners can better prepare for severe weather events.

One organization collaborating with Terra Firma is Blue Tide, a non-governmental group devoted to oceanic research and promoting the Blue Economy. After Hurricane Maria damaged coral reefs important for coastline protection, Blue Tide asked Terra Firma to design 3D-printed tiles. These unique tiles, made of clay, will help prevent erosion during future storms. They are shaped like cylinders (圆柱体), creating a nesting space for young coral, and over the next ten years, the clay is expected to dissolve (溶解), forming a complete organic coral reef.

This innovative approach aims to help Puerto Rico deal with erosion caused by storms, and Terra Firma plans to come up with more solutions as weather events get worse. According to Mieses, Terra Firma gives hope to Puerto Rico, which often faces hurricanes, by providing insights to better prepare for future storms and protect important infrastructure.

Currently, Terra Firma operates only in Puerto Rico, but they hope to expand to the southern United States in the next few years. Their work shows how technology can help deal with the effects of climate change on vulnerable coastal communities.

1. What do we know about Terra Firma’s software?

A．It depends on Google Maps.

B．It helps predict possible risks.

C．It is used only by governmental groups.

D．It demands specialized technical knowledge.

2. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．Terra Firma’s latest product.

B．Terra Firma’s expansion plans.

C．Terra Firma’s promising future.

D．Terra Firma’s partnership with Blue Tide.

3. What does the underlined word “innovative” probably mean in Paragraph 5?

A．Creative.

B．Ordinary.

C．Traditional.

D．Official.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To entertain.

B．To persuade.

C．To inform.

D．To relate.

8 . We all love butterflies. Their beautiful wings attract us, and their presence lights up our garden. Well, that’s our view of butterflies, but have you ever wondered what plants think of them?

The butterflies’ eggs lie on the underside of the leaves. The eggs themselves don’t damage plants. However, upon coming into contact with the eggs, the plants become oversensitive. It means that once a plant recognizes a pest, it will cause death in the contacted plant part. When these dead leaves or partial leaf parts break away from the plant, the eggs on them fall off. Along with the hypersensitivity response, plants also produce something special, which can attract animals to cat the eggs, thus preventing damage in the future.

After the baby butterflies come out of their eggs, the caterpillar (毛虫) stage begins. Most caterpillars feed on the leaves of the plants, damaging some of the plants in your own garden. Incredibly, they are major plant pests that bring about major losses to farmers. The next stage is pupa (蛹). The caterpillars begin their change into an adult. They don’t depend on the energy that the leaves provide. Finally, they become adult butterflies that have wings and move from one plant to the other. They feed on the sweet liquid produced by flowers.

While on their search for food, the butterflies carry pollen (花粉) on their body. They are key pollinators that place pollen from one flower to another in ecosystem. Plants that have flowers will create some special features to draw these pollinators’ attention. Certain plants have flowers giving off smells that can charm butterflies when they are looking for a mate. Some plants even have flat flowers to assist butterflies when landing.

Butterflies aid in pollination during their final adult stage. Thus, they change into beneficial insects to plants. This change makes butterflies an important friend of plants, despite being a hated enemy in previous life cycle stages!

1. How does a plant respond to butterflies’ eggs?

A．It tries to get rid of them.	B．It tries to appeal to them.
C．It grows a little better with them.	D．It protects them from being eaten.

2. When do butterflies cause the greatest damage to agriculture?

A．In the period of egg-laying.	B．In the period of pupa.
C．In the period of caterpillar.	D．In the period of adult.

3. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?

A．Describe the process of pollination.

B．Show how flowers attract butterflies.

C．Stress the importance of pollination.

D．Explore how adult butterflies develop.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Why do flowers need butterflies’ pollination?

B．How do plants defend themselves from pests?

C．Are butterflies’ life cycles similar to the plants’?

D．Are butterflies beneficial or harmful to plants?

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The ancient city of Kashgar (喀什), which has a population of around 200,000,     1     (greet) over 7 million tourists so far this year. Since the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议)     2     (propose), the ancient city has once again drawn attention as a gateway to opening up to the outside world.

As the night closes in. street     3     (light) come on. Kashgar becomes even     4     (much)alive with tourists joyfully exploring a city with     5     history of more than 2,000 years. Already famous for many years because of its colourful culture and architecture,     6     (tour) has continued to grow rapidly in the ancient city of Kashgar in recent times, with travellers from all around the world going there.

Neil Munro, from Britain, walks into a restaurant with friends     7     (taste) the famous local barbecue and beer. After a two-day stay in Kashgar, the group will motorcycle through several other Chinese provinces including Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan, before finally     8     (arrive) in Laos. This is Munro’s third visit     9     Kashgar. When he first travelled there in 1999, he was shocked by the unique culture and he soon began learning Chinese.

“The people here are welcoming. Kashgar is full of energy,” said Sirpa Jarvenpa, from Finland,    10     took part in the long motorcycle ride along with her husband.