1 . 听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Which state is the nearest to Alaska?

A．Texas.

B．Hawaii.

C．Washington.

2. Who owns most of Alaska’s land?

A．Individual people.

B．Several businesses.

C．The U.S. government.

3. Which state has the longest coastline of all the U.S. states?

A．Alaska.

B．California.

C．New York.

4. Why do people use planes or boats to travel around Alaska?

A．There are many dangerous wild animals.

B．There are not enough roads.

C．The weather differs a lot.

2 . The biggest and the smallest of the world’s animals are most at risk of dying out, according to a new analysis, with vertebrates (脊椎动物) in the so-called “Goldilocks zone”—not too big and not too small—winning out. Action is needed to protect animals at both ends of the scale, they say. The research adds to evidence that animals are dying out on such a scale that a sixth extinction is considered under way.

One clue is body size. Research on birds and mammals has shown that those with larger bodies are more likely to go extinct. Yet, when the researchers made a database of thousands of birds, mammals, fish, amphibians (两栖动物) and reptiles (爬行动物) at risk of extinction, they found disproportionate (不成比例的) losses at the large and small ends of the scale.

“Surprisingly, we found that not only the largest of all vertebrate animal species are most threatened, but the very tiniest ones are also highly threatened with extinction,” Prof. Ripple told BBC News.

Large animals, such as elephants, rhinos (犀牛) and lions have long been the target of protection efforts. However, fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians that are the giants of their kind, such as the whale shark, Somali ostrich (鸵鸟) and the Chinese giant salamander (蝾螈), tend to be overlooked. Meanwhile, small species at risk--such as frogs and shrews (鼩鼱)--receive very little attention.

“I think, for the smallest species, first of all we need to bring higher awareness to them, because the larger ones get a lot of attention, but the smaller ones get very little,” said Prof. Ripple.

In the study, vertebrates with the smallest and the largest bodies were found to be most at risk of disappearing, whether they were on land or living in oceans, streams or rivers.

Heavyweights are threatened mainly by hunting, while featherweights are losing out to pollution and cutting down forests. “Ultimately, reducing global consumption of wild meat is a key step to reduce negative impacts of hunting, fishing, and trapping on the world’s vertebrates,” they write in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

1. What made the researchers feel surprised?

A．A sixth of animals are dying out.

B．Small animals are in great danger.

C．Great losses of birds and mammals.

D．Big animals are at risk of disappearing.

2. What should we do first for the smallest species according to Prof. Ripple?

A．Transform our habits.	B．Change our concepts.
C．Find ways to save small animals.	D．Take measures to stop pollution.

3. What presents the great threat to vertebrates according to the last paragraph?

A．Loss of forests.	B．Climate change.
C．Human activities.	D．Environmental pollution.

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Size Matters When It Comes to Extinction Risk

B．Large Animals Are Badly in Need of Protection

C．Why a Great Number of Animals Are Dying out

D．What We Should Do to Protect Endangered Species

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and     1     (fall). Deep cracks appeared in the well walls. Chickens and even pigs were     2     nervous to eat and fish jumped out of the water. Dogs refused to go inside the buildings. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. In an instant, the city lay in     3     (ruin). A huge crack cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.     4     number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Consequently, thousands of children     5     (leave) without parents.

Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again,     6     made more buildings fall down. People found water, food, and electricity hard     7     (get) and wondered how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost.     8     (luck), 150,000 soldiers and more than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Besides, workers built shelters for     9     (survive) whose homes had been destroyed. Slowly, Tangshan started to revive     10     (it) and breathe again.

4 . Brownie and Spotty were neighbor dogs who met every day to play together. Like pairs of dogs you can find in any neighborhood, these two loved each other and played together so often that they had worn a path through the grass of the field between their houses.

One evening, Brownie’s family noticed that Brownie hadn’t returned home. They went looking for him with no success. Brownie didn’t show up the next day, and although they made their efforts to find him, by the next week he was still missing.

Curiously, Spotty showed up at Brownie’s house alone, barking and jumping. Busy with their own lives, they paid no attention to the nervous little neighbor dog.

Finally, one morning Spotty refused to take “no” for an answer. Ted, Brownie’s owner, was continuously disturbed by the angry, determined little dog. Spotty followed Ted around, barking all the time, then darting toward a nearby empty lot (an area of land) and back, as if to say, “Follow me! It’s urgent (紧急的)!”

Eventually, Ted followed Spotty across the empty lot as Spotty stopped to race back and barked encouragingly. The little dog led the man to a deserted spot. There Ted found his beloved Brownie alive, one of his legs stuck in a steel trap. Frightened, Ted now wished he had followed Spotty earlier.

Then Ted noticed something. Spotty had done something else besides leading Brownie’s human owner to his trapped friend. In a circle around the injured dog, Ted found some food remains of every meal. Brownie had been fed that week! Spotty had been visiting Brownie regularly, in the hope of keeping his friend alive. Spotty had actually stayed with Brownie to protect him from hunger and other dangers, and keep his spirits up.

Brownie’s leg was carefully treated and he soon got well again. For many years thereafter the two families watched the faithful friends running after each other down that well-worn path between their houses.

1. At the very beginning, Brownie’s family paid little attention to Spotty because __________.

A．they were not free at the moment	B．they were sure Brownie would be OK
C．they didn’t like Spotty	D．their missing dog made them sad

2. After Ted was brought where Brownie was trapped, he __________.

A．managed to free his dog at once	B．was very thankful to Spotty
C．regretted not following Spotty earlier	D．was angry with the trap-maker

3. We can infer from the passage that __________.

A．it was Spotty’s timely help that saved Brownie

B．it’s not right to hunt animals in any neighborhood

C．Ted has to take better care of his beloved dog later on

D．humans and animals depend on each other for comfort

5 . Tips for Green Travel with Kids

Traveling doesn’t mean letting go of all the eco-friendly choices we work so hard to achieve in our daily life. Here are a few tips for green travel with kids:

Booking nonstop flights whenever possible will reduce carbon emissions (碳排放). If the closest local airport doesn’t have nonstop flights to a certain place, check in with other local airports to see if nonstop flights are available.    1    

Whether you’re flying or driving, it’s easy when traveling to pull into fast food restaurants for snacks.    2    My kids love to help plan snacks. I let them create their own snacks for the trip at home.

Reusable water bottles are easy to bring along whenever you travel. At the airport, keep your reusable bottles empty until you have passed through the security (安检).    3    Single-use plastic water bottles create unnecessary waste and the plastic can be harmful to your health.

    4    Open a few windows and turn off the air conditioner. You should also help your children keep their good, green habits from home to place while traveling. Sometimes vacation can mean more than one shower each day — once in the morning and again after getting out of the pool. Pay attention to the number of showers and the length of showers.    5    

A．Too much carbon emissions seriously pollute the environment.

B．But you can pack healthy food before starting off.

C．In this way, you can save water and energy.

D．Fill them up on the other side of the security checkpoint.

E．Security check is a necessary part of each trip.

F．Save energy by turning off the hotel room lights when you head out for the day.

G．You might have to drive a bit further, but saving on carbon emissions makes it worthwhile.

6 . Brownie and Spotty were neighbor dogs who met every day to play together. Like pairs of dogs you can find in any neighborhood, these two loved each other and played together so often that they had worn a path through the grass of the field between their houses.

One evening, Brownie’s family noticed that Brownie hadn’t returned home. They went looking for him with no success. Brownie didn’t show up the next day, and, although they made their efforts to find him, by the next week he was still missing, Curiously, Spotty showed up at Brownie’s house alone, barking and jumping. Busy with their own lives, they paid no attention to the nervous little neighbor dog.

Finally, one morning Spotty refused to take “no” for an answer. Ted, Brownie’s owner, was continuously disturbed by the angry, determined little dog. Spotty followed Ted about, barking all the time, then darting toward a nearby empty lot and back, as if to say, “Follow me! It’s urgent!”

Eventually, Ted followed Spotty across the empty lot as Spotty stopped to race back and barked encouragingly. The little dog led the man to a deserted spot a half mile from the house. There Ted found his beloved Brownie alive, one of his legs crushed in a steel trap (圈套). Frightened, Ted now wished he had taken Spotty’s earlier appeals seriously.

Then Ted noticed something. Spotty had done something else besides leading Brownie’s human owner to his trapped friend. In a circle around the injured dog, Ted found some food remains of every meal. Brownie had been fed that week! Spotty had been visiting Brownie regularly, in the hope of keeping his friend alive. Spotty had actually stayed with Brownie to protect him from hunger and other dangers, and keep his spirits up.

Brownie’s leg was carefully treated and he soon got well again. For many years thereafter the two families watched the faithful friends chasing each other down that well-worn path between their houses.

1. At the very beginning, Ted paid little attention to Spotty because __________.

A．he was not free at the moment	B．he was sure Brownie would be OK
C．he didn’t like Spotty at all	D．his missing dog made him sad

2. The underlined word “darting” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by ___________.

A．rushing

B．shouting

C．walking

D．looking

3. After Ted was brought where Brownie was trapped, he ___________.

A．managed to free his dog at once	B．was very thankful to Spotty
C．regretted not following Spotty earlier	D．was angry with the trap-maker

4. We can infer from the passage that ___________.

A．humans and animals depend on each other for comfort

B．it’s not right to hunt for animals in any neighborhood

C．Ted has to take better care of his beloved dog later on

D．Brownie would have died without Spotty’s timely help

7 . Most people can't wait for spring to arrive. It means flowers and warmer weather, all welcome changes from the dark winter days. Now we know that spring is arriving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere   (北半球）than it was in the past, thanks to a study published in Scientific Reports.

For example, Los Angeles may experience spring only a day earlier than it did 10 years ago, but further north, in Seattle or Chicago, spring will arrive four days earlier. If you lived in the Arctic, spring could arrive 16 days earlier than it used to.

To determine how springtime is starting earlier, researchers looked at temperature records and 743 earlier studies over 86 years. These studies were about various biological indicators of spring, including birds migrating, plants flowering and amphibians（两栖动物）sounding their mating calls. Researchers then studied these data to see if they were occurring earlier. The result showed that not only is spring making itself known sooner but it's warmer, too.

Before you go out in a happy springtime hike, spring arriving sooner isn't so good. The livelihood of migratory birds, for instance, may be concerned.

“The food that birds rely on when they move to the north might not be reliable if the beginning of spring at these higher latitudes（维度）is expanded by future warming." said Eric Post. He is a fellow of the John Muir Institute and a polar ecologist.

Animals relying on Arctic sea ice, like polar bears, probably aren't crazy about things warming up sooner, either, because it impacts on their ability to hunt. Spring's early arrival could cause disorder in the delicate balance of various ecosystems~~not to mention how soon you'll need to buy allergy medicine.

1. We learn from the study published in Scientific Reports that.

A．spring comes earliest in Los Angeles

B．Los Angeles is further north than Seattle

C．spring comes 12 days earlier in Arctic than in Chicago

D．the further north a place lies, the sooner spring comes than before

2. Researchers made the discovery mainly by.

A．comparing related data available

B．conducting research and test

C．calculating the exact length of each spring

D．observing animal's behavior all year round

3. What do the last two paragraphs focus on?

A．Concerns over spring's early arrival.

B．Springtime emergence of creatures.

C．Early springtime's impacts on humans.

D．Disorder in the balance of ecosystems.

4. In which section of a magazine can we read this text?

A．Medical Report.	B．Survival Stories.
C．Scientific Discoveries.	D．Natural environment

8 . When it comes to saving the planet,more and more people begin to realize the importance of living green.However,more rubbish than we can imagine is being produced every day.How we deal with waste is a big environmental problem.

Waste sorting is a good way to save the planet.Waste sorting refers to the separation of waste into different kinds.Dry waste should be separated from wet waste.Dry waste is made up of anything that is naturally dry and can't be broken down,such as metal and paper while wet waste refers to organic(有机的）waste,such as trees,plant cuttings and flowers.Wet waste also refers to food that needs to be thrown away.Famous companies such as Allmetro Bins are available to offer advice about how to sort waste.

Waste sorting allows recycling factories to place all of the recyclable items together and get rid of what can't be recycled,thus doing less damage to the environment.In addition,we can reduce producing products using raw materials,which is good for the protection of natural resources(资源）。

Advanced technologies are being developed and used nowadays to help sort out waste. Even so,about another 300 factories for sorting and recycling are possible to be built by 2025 to meet the increasing need to reduce waste across Europe to the lowest possible level.

Remember:sorting at home is the first step towards recycling.By separating the glass waste from the rest,we will be doing our bit for the environment.

1. Which of the following belongs to wet waste?

A．Metal.

B．Leaves.

C．Paper.

D．Glasses.

2. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?

A．The number of plants in Europe is more than enough.

B．Advanced technology itself can solve waste problems.

C．The challenge to solve waste problems in Europe remains.

D．Europe will never reduce waste to the lowest possible level.

3. What is the best title of the passage?

A．Green Life.

B．Waste Sorting.

C．Recycling Factories.

D．Environmental Problems.

9 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with    1    (grow) rice. During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter    2    are covered with white frost. These are the    3    (color) of the Longji Rice Terraces(梯田).

These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces    4    (take) hundreds of years until its    5    (complete) in the early Qing Dynasty. Now these terraces cover tall mountains, often    6    the bottom to the very top.

So why did these people build terraces? Firstly, there    7    (be) few large, flat areas of land. Building the terraces meant that they could increase the areas to grow rice. Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep and the soil is shallow. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from    8    (wash) away.

It's typical of people to work in harmony with nature. The terraces are    9    (clever) designed with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of    10    feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.

10 . We walked every evening and followed the route without incidents.

Though Peety had the same bright look in his eyes, I could tell he was walking ___than usual, struggling to keep up the________pace established over our previous walks. He still had too much life in him for me to________the idea that he was in his sunset years.

We were________east, away from the brightly lit street, when a man, large and drunken, stepped out of the________.

"You got money?" He said.

Peety stopped in his tracks,________at the man and growled(低吠).

"Sorry, man," I said, "nothing on me."

"Come on, boy." I pulled hard on the________, but he stood there, frozen, growling deeper.

"Money!" the man reached out to________me, and Peety barked, jumping-six feet in the air-mouth open and________the man. I dragged the chain and stopped him________his teeth made contact. The man __ and scrambled(爬)on all fours before __ back into   the darkness.

Peety________, and tried to run after him, still________.

How close we had just come to the________of something terrible! Tears in my eyes, I looked at Peety, wondering where he found the________to jump so high to protect me! I took a deep breath and felt________that we were OK.

I got down and petted him. My voice________when I said "Let's go home".

Peety walked in front of me,________me like he had way back when the whole journey first________.

1.

A．closer

B．slower

C．further

D．faster

2.

A．comfortable

B．gentle

C．regular

D．shaky

3.

A．reject

B．share

C．ignore

D．entertain

4.

A．heading

B．driving

C．running

D．searching

5.

A．pub

B．darkness

C．woods

D．garden

6.

A．stared

B．fired

C．swore

D．tore

7.

A．pole

B．rope

C．man

D．chain

8.

A．catch

B．interrupt

C．touch

D．defeat

9.

A．calling for

B．hunting for

C．charging at

D．looking at

10.

A．after

B．before

C．since

D．once

11.

A．fled away

B．sped up

C．lay down

D．fell over

12.

A．running

B．striking

C．holding

D．stepping

13.

A．sank

B．settled

C．landed

D．raced

14.

A．breathing

B．panicking

C．trembling

D．barking

15.

A．front

B．top

C．end

D．edge

16.

A．skill

B．chance

C．patience

D．strength

17.

A．strange

B．confident

C．grateful

D．doubtful

18.

A．calmed

B．broke

C．rose

D．disappeared

19.

A．guarding

B．guiding

C．comforting

D．watching

20.

A．continued

B．completed

C．changed

D．started