1 . Global warming is the increase of the earth’s average surface temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from the earth. After the trees are cut down and more greenhouse gases are released, the “blanket” around the earth called the ozone layer (臭氧层), will get thicker. This catches more heat and makes the earth hotter. Luckily, there are many things that every citizen of the earth can do to help reduce the effects of global warming, and it’s never too late or too early for children to take action.

The children should learn what a carbon footprint is. A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon and greenhouse gases people make as they lead the daily life and go about the normal activities. In other words, the carbon footprint is a measure of the environmental impact (冲击) the life has. To live an environmentally friendly life that doesn’t contribute to global warming, people want to have the smallest carbon footprint possible.

Almost everything people do contributes to global warming and is related to fossil fuel consumption. These can be direct uses of fossil fuels, like riding in a gasoline-powered car, or indicrect contributions to greenhouse gases, such as eating fruits or vegetables that had to be shipped from far way to reach their tables.

If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming, he should ride a bicycle to the near park, school, his friend’s house, or anywhere else instead of taking the car. Or he may try to walk or jog, which is also helpful. In addition, although trains and buses often run on fossil fuels, on average, each person uses less energy and produces less pollution to run. Next time if children with their parents have to get around town or it’s too far to walk or bike, take the bus or other public transportation instead of asking for a ride.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．A brief description of carbon footprint

B．The serious water pollution.

C．The protection of ozone layer.

D．The causes of global warming

2. Which of the following can describe the carbon footprint?

A．Useless.	B．Expensive.
C．Helpful.	D．Attractive.

3. What can kids do if they want to help reduce global warming?

A．Go to the near park by bus.

B．Walk or cycle as much as possible.

C．Keep staying at home or school.

D．Go around the town with parents by car.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．What Can People Do to Use Less Energy?

B．How Can Kids Help Reduce Global Warming?

C．How Does Carbon Footprints Measure Pollution?

D．Why Global Warming Affects Humans’ Life?

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There     1     (be) no lights in sight but the night sky glowed (发出) a dusky yellow, because the Amazon was burning. The yellow flames engulfed (吞噬) trees     2     lit up the sky. During the day, the sunshine was blocked     3     thick smoke. So far, the fire     4     (put) out.

The government has recorded 72, 843 fires. The fire is just one of     5     (they) in the Amazon, the world’s     6     (large) rainforest and a fighter against climate change. According to Brazil’s space research agency INPE, the wildfire has decreased by 17 percent so far this year compared to the same period in 2018.

Environmental     7     (group)said the policies of the government encouraged deforestation (采伐森林) of the Amazon,    8     led to more fires. But the government posted a report and wanted     9     (argue) against that. The government claimed that non-governmental organizations     10     (angry) set fire to the forest after it cut their funding.

3 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

We have been travelling for more than a week already but arrived in Saudi Arabia today. Most people here wear traditional type of long and loose clothing that cover the whole body. Saudi Arabia is in the desert, and in summer, the weather is extreme hot. One of the tour guide told us that it gets as hotter as 50℃ every summer. Wear this kind of clothing may be very comfortable in that weather, but this is winter and quite cool now. During the day in winter, it was about 22℃ and about 13℃ in the evening. I think I will find the weather a bit of cold when we return to China.

4 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

People came to the area that's now New Mexico more than 12,000 years ago. Experts think they migrated from    1    is now Russia across a land bridge    2    (call) the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age. Thousands of years    3     (late), native American tribes including the Apache, Zuni, Navajo and Pueblos lived on the land.

In 1540, a Spanish    4    (explore), Francisco Vazquez de Coronado, came to the area in search of cities made of gold     5    were rumored (谣传) to exist in the America. He didn't discover treasure, but over the next century the Spanish colonized the land. Then in 1821, Mexico declared its independence    6    Spain, and the area became part of Mexico. But after the United States won the Mexican- American War in 1848, New Mexico became an American territory. In 1912, it    7    (declare) the 47th state.

When the Spanish set out to explore the region, they hoped to find land as    8    (value)as what they had found earlier in Mexico. So they    9    (name) the area Nueva Mexico.(“Nueva” means “new” in Spanish.) As for the word" Mexico”, some experts think it's a version of a name that the Aztecs (a cultural group from Mexico) had for one of their gods.

The state has beautiful scenery from    10     ( mountain) to forests and deserts. This earns it the nickname the Land of Enchantment.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Air pollution is a killer. The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if    1    (pollute) air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.       2    (wear) face masks, people walk past heavy traffic as Beijing is hit by a sandstorm. The government in Beijing issued a blue warning on air pollution as sandstorms swept through the Chinese capital city.

However, breathing in dirty air    3    (frequent) may do more harm to your body,    4    can also affect your brain and your ability to think. A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge decrease in our    5    (intelligent).The researchers reported that long term suffering air pollution can affect a person's mental abilities in two    6     (area):language and math.

The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children     7    (give) language and math tests. The researchers found that breathing in     8    air which has been polluted can reduce a person's education level by about one year. The effect generally is even    9     (bad)for those over years of age, for men and for those with little or no education. The researchers noted that the effect of pollution    10     language ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated.

6 . Scientists have recently discovered a major habitat where live more than 1.5 million Adelie penguins(企鹅）near the Antarctic Peninsula. Based on direct ground counts and computer counts, the researchers found a total of 751,527 pairs of Adelie penguins on the Danger Islands in the Weddell Sea on the east side of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Adelie penguins discovered here is more than the rest in the other places of Antarctic Peninsula, which was published in the journal Scientific Reports.

Moreover, the number represents the first complete census of Adelie penguins in the Danger Islands, the researchers added. “Until recently, the Danger Islands wasn't known to be an important penguin habitat.” Heather Lynch, an ecologist from Stony Brook University who led the study, said, “These super habitats have gone undiscovered for decades partly because the islands themselves are distant and the dangerous waters that surround them.” The Danger Islands appears to have avoided recent loss in penguin population documented on other parts of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Another study published earlier suggested that more than 70 percent of king penguins may disappear by the end of the century as a result of global warming and overfishing. As the Danger Islands is likely to remain important islands for many penguins under climate change, scientists believe it deserves special consideration in the design of Marine Protected Areas in this area. “Now that we know how important this area is for penguin, we can better move forward designing Marine Protected Areas and managing the fishery,” said Lynch.

The idea of building the Marine Protected Areas, which covers 1.8 million square km of the Weddell Sea and around the Antarctic Peninsula, was first put forward by the European Union and supported by nongovernmental organization Greenpeace. In January, a global campaign has been started in the vast fishing-free zone to better protect wildlife.

1. What can we learn from paragraph 1?

A．Researchers knew the number of penguins only by computers.

B．There are 751,527 pairs of penguins on the Antarctic Peninsula.

C．Researcher may have never been to the Antarctic Peninsula.

D．The Danger Islands may be fit for penguins to live on.

2. What does the underlined word “census” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Population count.	B．Living condition.
C．Birth.	D．Desert.

3. Why are there many penguins on the Danger Islands?

A．The Danger Islands is unknown for humans.

B．There is little climate change there.

C．Many people are protecting penguins.

D．The Danger Islands is free from being disturbed by humans.

4. What can we know from what Lynch said?

A．Half of king penguins will die out in the future.

B．The Antarctic Peninsula needn't become Protected Areas.

C．Because the Danger Islands is dangerous, it becomes a super habitat.

D．The number of penguins discovered here is the largest in the Antarctic Peninsula.

7 . Stories of Animals Acting Just Like Humans
◆Monkeys do math

If monkeys manage the world, we might have stayed away from the recent banking hardship. In an experiment led by Keith Chen at Yale, monkeys showed an understanding of pricing and planning the money, as well as a wish to stay away from losses when required to buy food with money. Makes sense this one looks like it’s checking its stocks (股票) on a smart phone. Think that’s impressive?
◆Camel eats breakfast with people

The first time Joe ate with British farmers, he was uninvited. The four-year-old Bactrian camel stuck his head through their open kitchen window, and emptied a fruit bowl. Now the couple, who rent out reindeer, camels, goats, and other creatures for television shows, movies, and photo shoots, set a place at their table for the confident double-humped creature, where Joe eats grain food and his favorite: bananas on toast.
◆Marmots (土拨鼠) befriend a boy

A group of marmots in the Austrian Alps has made friends with eight-year-old Matteo Walch by chance, whose family vacations there in summer. Typically, they beat their tails, chatter, and whistle to warn other marmots of danger, but with Matteo, they behave much differently, allowing the boy to feed, pet, and even touch noses with them. “Watching them makes me feel a connection with nature,” says Matteo. How sweet!
1. In what way do monkeys behave like humans according to the text?

A．In character.	B．In intelligence.
C．In communication.	D．In the way of lifestyle.

2. Why do the British couple raise the animals?

A．To make money.

B．To have dinners with them.

C．To protect endangered animals.

D．To train them to act as humans.

3. Why did Matteo Walch go to the Austrian Alps?

A．To warn marmots of danger.

B．To develop interest in nature.

C．To make friends with marmots.

D．To go on a holiday with his family.

8 . More than 220 people       1     (kill) in the fire that destroyed the Capital Building     2     February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months     3       the fire; it was Sao Paulo’s newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were     4     (complete ) destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars     5     belonged to the people who worked in the building.

Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke     6     on the 11th floor. No one knows     7     the fire started. Perhaps it   was started by an     8     (electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire,     9     it was impossible to control it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above    10     (escape).

9 . To Whom It May Concern:

Your address was forwarded to us by How to Magazine. All of us here think The International Institute of Not Doing Much is the best organization in the world. You know how to avoid unnecessary activities!

As a matter of fact, we closely followed the advice in your article. First, we replaced all our telephones with carrier pigeons. Simply removing the jingle of telephones and replacing them with the pleasant sounds of birds has had a remarkable effect on everyone. Besides, birds are cheaper than telephone service. After all, we are a business. We have to think of the bottom line. As a side benefit, the birds also fertilize the lawn outside the new employees’ sauna(桑拿房).

Next, we sold the computers off to Stab, Grab, Grit, and Nasty, a firm of lawyers nearby. Our electricity bill went way down. Big savings! The boss is impressed. We have completely embraced paper technology. Now that we all use pencils, doodling is on the increase, and the quality of pencil woman ship is impressive, as you can tell from my handwriting in this letter. By the way, if you can, please send this letter back to us. We can erase and reuse it. Just tie it to Maggie’s leg and she’ll know where to take it.

Now it’s very calm and quiet here. You can notice the difference. No more loud chatter on the telephones! All we hear is the scratching of pencil on paper, the sound of pigeons, and the delivery of inter-office correspondence by paper airplane.

Wonderful! I’ve always wanted to work for an insurance company ever since I was a little girl. Now it’s perfect.

Sincerely yours,

Eleanor Lightly

Spokeswoman and Company Hair Stylist

ABC Activity Insurance: insure against overdoing it

1. Which of the following best describes the life the author is leading?

A．A simple, slow-paced life.	B．A life of hard work and security.
C．A religious, peasant-like life.	D．A life away from paper and pencils.

2. Where is Eleanor’s letter sent to?

A．How to Magazine.

B．ABC Activity Insurance Company.

C．Stab, Grab, Grit, and Nasty Law Firm.

D．The International Institute of Not Doing Much.

3. Which of the following is practiced in the author’s company?

A．Replacing the manual work system with modern technology.

B．Turning off lights in the daytime to save electricity.

C．Recycling paper resources whenever possible.

D．Buying birds and pets as company for the staff.

4. What is true about Maggie?

A．She works as a manager in the author’s company.

B．She sometimes helps fertilize the lawn outside the sauna.

C．She often helps with inter-office correspondence using e-mail.

D．Her handwriting has improved a lot after entering the company.

10 . What’s the weather probably like now?

A．Rainy.

B．Sunny.

C．Cloudy.