1 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.   Use your own words as far as possible.

Scottish summers set to keep getting warmer, study shows

Cold, wet summers could become a thing of the past in Scotland, according to a new study. Researchers from Edinburgh and Oxford universities and the Met Office, the UK’s official weather service, say that summer temperatures of 30°C could become common in the future because of climate change.

Climate change is long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns, including rising temperatures. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), farming and cutting down forests are a major cause of changing weather patterns around the world. When fossil fuels are burned, for example, they release gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Their emissions contribute to climate change.

People experienced hot and dry conditions during a heatwave in the summer of 2018. The team found that climate change would lead to those conditions becoming more frequent in Scotland. Lead researcher Professor Simon Tett, from Edinburgh University, said that carbon dioxide emissions had to be cut around the world in order to prevent this from getting worse.

The study also looked into the direct effects of the unusual weather in 2018 on people, animals and landscapes in Scotland. Among these were a thirty per cent increase in demand for water, an increase in harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes, and a fall in the amount of peas, potatoes, carrots and onions that were harvested. The populations of some types of birds declined because of a lack of water. There was also disturbance to trains because rails were bent by the heat.

Tett explained, “Despite its cool climate, Scotland must start to prepare now for the impact of high temperature extremes. The bottom line is that heatwaves have become more likely because of the climate change caused by human activities.”

2 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
为保护环境，政府提倡垃圾分类，但许多小区的落实情况不尽人意，请你写一封电子邮件向相关部门负责人反映这一现状，并提出合理建议。
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3 . When an editor called to ask if I could photograph a story about fireflies in Mexico, I didn’t check my schedule before I said yes. I’d seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before, and I jumped at the chance to go back.

I had three nights to capture the magical scene in the forest. Camera stand in hand, I hiked with my colleagues into the foggy forest at dusk. According to our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the fading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my camera stand on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldn’t be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still while they crawled all over me—my arms, my hair, my face—and tickled (呵痒) my nose and cheeks. From what I observed, peak firefly presence happens for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries.

On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlight—and I’d grown accustomed to insects on my face. I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each spot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels in a 30-second exposure. You can trace the insects’ paths: Some make small circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.

The first time I visited the fireflies, I didn’t have the pressure of trying to capture and convey this astonishing scene. That will always be my favorite experience with these shining creatures.

1. According to the passage, the author most probably is a(n) ______.

A．field biologist	B．insect observer
C．expert photographer	D．mountain hiker

2. The author placed the camera stand on a steep and rocky path to ______.

A．make up for the dying light	B．keep away from the annoying fireflies
C．obtain an ideal image	D．catch peak firefly presence

3. We can learn from the passage that the author ______.

A．was accused of capturing wild fireflies

B．endured physically to get first-hand firefly shots

C．was tired of the exposure to dark forests

D．got his most satisfying image on the second night

4. What does the author think of his experience in the forest?

A．Fascinating.	B．Passionate.
C．Surprising.	D．Miserable.

5 .

A．Go for an outing.	B．Buy some clothes.
C．Go swimming.	D．Forecast the weather.

6 . 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题
1.

A．The great demand for tourists.	B．The endangered food supplies.
C．The difficulty to keep warm.	D．The extreme and changeable weather.

2.

A．It’s going to rain.	B．A clear sky will appear soon.
C．It’s going to snow.	D．It will be unseasonably warm.

3.

A．Once a week.	B．Three times a day.
C．Every other day.	D．Twice a week.

4.

A．To enjoy a bird’s-eye view of Alaska.

B．To learn how to fly a bush plane there.

C．To experience sending mails to St Lawrence.

D．To help to take food supplies to Alaska.

7 .

A．She fully agrees with the man.	B．She is uncertain about the weather.
C．She disagrees with the man.	D．She thinks the man is always late.

9 . Questions are based on the following speech.
1.

A．It sells things from ancient Egypt.	B．It looks like an Egyptian giant.
C．It brings a feel of a different world.	D．It offers a wide range of cheeses.

2.

A．Produced by the department store itself.	B．Supplied by a nearby small town.
C．Collected from the outside of the building.	D．Obtained from the numerous light bulbs.

3.

A．Customers spend £1.5 million or so per day.	B．Around 30,000 customers come per day.
C．There is a big increase in customers and sales.	D．Customer flow and sales are quite unsteady.

10 . Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbances

Canada，February 2017:I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light     1     out in the darkness. Slowly the colours twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky,     2     with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet    3    ,Most of all, it was a gift.

This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colours.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)    4     stream of particles(微 )from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it

But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious     5    Satellites' electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particlies,    6    industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio     7     around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm，aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.

Stormy space weather affects us on the ground，too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n)    8     C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame     9     just as Hurricane lran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response. Meanwhile，beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside，then, and the auroral    10    is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.

A.astonishing   B.bordered   C.blackouts   D.consequences   E.constant
F.estimated   G.exploded   H.fascinated   I.process   J.stretched   K.upsetting