1 . Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
1. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. |
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. |
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington. |
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. |
A.Meet famous people. | B.Go to a national park. |
C.Visit well-known museums. | D.Enjoy interesting stories. |
A.City maps. | B.Cameras. |
C.Meals. | D.Safety lights. |
2 . It’s 2076 and the skies are looking decidedly milky. On windy plains and in parts of the seas that have been turned over to wind farms, a different kind of tower has been built alongside the turbines (涡轮). They take in CO2 out of the atmosphere. Vast parcels of land have been given over to forest. Trees are grown, harvested and burned for energy in power plants that don’t let CO2 escape to the atmosphere. Instead, emissions are captured and driven underground. Powdered minerals are put into the water to absorb CO2 and reduce ocean acidification.
All these technologies are a desperate action to reverse more than two centuries of greenhouse gas emissions. But they are not entirely up to the task and, anyway, we are still releasing greenhouse gases. “I think it’s very likely that in 60 years we’ll be using both technologies,” says John Shepherd of the University of Southampton, UK. He is referring to the two flavors of geoengineering: absorbing CO2 out of the air and using a sunshade to reflect some of the sun’s rays back out into space.
There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly — a big if — some sections pose an intractable problem. We have no real replacement for aeroplane fuel and feeding people demands intensive agriculture, which accounts for a quarter of global emissions.
Computer models suggest there will be winners and losers. While a sunshade could lower global average temperatures to pre-industrial levels, there would be regional differences. Northern Europe, Canada, Siberia and the poles would remain warmer than they were, and temperatures over the oceans would be cooler. Global warming is predicted to make wet regions wetter and dry ones drier. Models suggest a sunshade would correct this, but, again, not in a uniform way.
Shepherd fears all this will feed into international arguments. He imagines some kind of global council where governments seek a climate that meets their needs. Some might prefer a slightly warmer temperature, for tourism or agriculture. But nations whose coral reefs (珊瑚礁) draw in visitors will probably want more CO2 absorbing technologies.
In spite of all these concerns, most scientists hold that revolutionary technology and people’s awakening can shine a light on solutions in ways that are impossible now. There is undoubtedly a long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we can always anticipate something.
1. What is described in the first paragraph?A.Future scenery and farming methods. |
B.The development of transport technology. |
C.The serious pollution problem in the very near future. |
D.Future technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. |
A.solvable | B.untypical |
C.tricky | D.existing |
A.climate talks haven’t achieved the expected results |
B.industrial emissions will decrease greatly in 60 years |
C.technologies to reduce CO2 emission aren’t used properly for now |
D.sunshades outshine intensive agriculture at capturing CO2 emissions |
A.Effective CO2 absorbing technologies have come into wide use. |
B.With greenhouse gas reduced, global warming can be addressed. |
C.Future climate will improve with human efforts but threats still remain. |
D.Future climate will restore to a normal state with advanced technology. |
3 . An interesting study found capuchin monkeys (僧帽猴), like humans, are guided by social emotions. Try paying one monkey with grapes and another with cucumbers for the
That experiment by Brosnan and Frans de Wall published in 2003 in Nature was one of the first to show that animals may have an assessment for
Social animals, which are interdependent for a living, will
One study
According to Brosnan, that tendency to share rewards fairly probably developed as a result of the way capuchins work together to hunt. “If we are hunting and I am not giving you much of the kill, you would be better off finding another
However, interpreting animal behavior through human eyes can be
A.various | B.enormous | C.equal | D.superb |
A.risk | B.restart | C.quit | D.fancy |
A.mature | B.content | C.passive | D.shocked |
A.stability | B.reputation | C.endurance | D.fairness |
A.necessities | B.rewards | C.emotion | D.cooperation |
A.naturally | B.barely | C.surprisingly | D.occasionally |
A.evolved | B.communicated | C.delivered | D.referred |
A.denies | B.predicts | C.indicates | D.suspects |
A.discover | B.receive | C.expect | D.present |
A.Instead of | B.Thanks to | C.Regardless of | D.Prior to |
A.diligent | B.dominant | C.generous | D.outgoing |
A.save | B.admire | C.share | D.refuse |
A.partner | B.role | C.hunt | D.task |
A.critical | B.pessimistic | C.problematic | D.marvellous |
A.set aside | B.thrown away | C.held onto | D.aimed at |
4 . Science may never know the secrets to memories of the California sea hare, a foot-long sea snail. But a research team claim to have made progress in
The kinds of memories that start a defensive reaction in the snails are encoded not in the
However, the work has not yet found widespread
Tomás Ryan at Trinity College Dublin, is
A.deleting | B.disturbing | C.refreshing | D.understanding |
A.transfer | B.adjust | C.compare | D.relate |
A.connections | B.conflicts | C.secrets | D.distances |
A.promote | B.test | C.eliminate | D.impose |
A.sensitive | B.adaptable | C.strong | D.relaxed |
A.necessary | B.peaceful | C.unconscious | D.impossible |
A.plunged | B.invested | C.translated | D.injected |
A.crazily | B.dangerously | C.scarcely | D.equally |
A.optional | B.essential | C.memorial | D.virtual |
A.association | B.recognition | C.innovation | D.publication |
A.depth | B.application | C.basis | D.description |
A.imaginative | B.careful | C.ambitious | D.speedy |
A.supported | B.persuaded | C.unappreciated | D.unconvinced |
A.Nevertheless | B.Eventually | C.For example | D.As a result |
A.expression | B.likelihood | C.suspicion | D.disturbance |
A.To help the man learn more about the gardener. |
B.To show the value of taking advice in gardening. |
C.To publicize the attractiveness of Dorset Gardens. |
D.To inform people of more guidelines for gardening. |
A.By attending a college course. | B.By visiting Kew Garden. |
C.By listening to talks on gardening. | D.By reading Margery Fisher’s book. |
A.It was full of creative angles. | B.It made her famous in the town. |
C.It occupied a rather small area. | D.It was near her house in Somerset. |
A.Because it’s full of plants given by her friends. |
B.Because it’s visited and appreciated by tourists. |
C.Because it’s where she spends much time with others. |
D.Because it’s an outdoor classroom for biology students. |
A.Give the cat away. | B.Choose a good name for the cat. |
C.Learn to care for the cat. | D.Hide the cat in the dormitory room. |
A. existing B. matters C. plunging D. identifying E. regulatory F. removal G. failure H. race I. reached J. increased K. declined |
Reasons to be Hopeful
The climate emergency is the biggest threat to civilization we have ever faced. But there is good news: we already have every tool we need to beat it. The challenge is not
Some key sectors are already racing ahead, such as electric cars. They are already cheaper to own and run in many places—and when the purchase prices equal those of fossil—fuelled vehicles in the next few years, a critical tipping point will be
Electricity from renewables is now the cheapest form of power in most places, sometimes even cheaper than continuing to run
And many big companies are realizing that a
Stopping the
In the climate crisis, every fraction of a degree
The real fuel for the green transition is a combination of those most valuable and intangible of commodities: political will and skill. The supply is being
A. species | B. informed | C. awareness | D. indicate |
E. additional | F. figures | G. advanced | H. sticking |
I. state | J. reliance | K. based |
Sensors for Houseplants
Over the past two years Jasmin Moeller, a 38-year-old in Germany, has been buying more houseplants, making her feel more comfortable.
Actually, the fact that people have spent much more time
Yet it is one thing to buy a houseplant and quite another to successfully look after it. Luckily, some
A sensor made by German firm Greensens has approximately 5000 plant
Another app released by German business Fyta tells users how their plants are by analyzing the uploaded pictures of the plants. It also includes
However, Botanist Silver Spence is worried that
Back in Germany, Ms Moeller says she is sure that the sensors are helping her improve gardening skills.
9 . The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to
Rainforests have
The scale of human
In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in
Massive
A.maintain | B.capture | C.claim | D.prove |
A.changed | B.evolved | C.expanded | D.existed |
A.energizing | B.healing | C.isolating | D.breathing |
A.contributed | B.stored | C.reduced | D.affected |
A.However | B.Furthermore | C.Therefore | D.Otherwise |
A.active | B.sensitive | C.interdependent | D.delicate |
A.restore | B.support | C.revive | D.last |
A.pressure | B.power | C.concern | D.strength |
A.existence | B.ecosystem | C.planet | D.survival |
A.unfortunately | B.consequently | C.naturally | D.similarly |
A.store | B.food | C.smoke | D.wealth |
A.subject | B.down | C.apart | D.victim |
A.trend | B.practice | C.increase | D.attitude |
A.protection | B.industrialization | C.modernization | D.deforestation |
A.appearance | B.explosion | C.loss | D.increase |
10 . From Smells to Soundtracks
When a young sawfly, a bee-like insect, is threatened by its attackers like ants, it emits a mixture of unpleasant smells to defend itself. These emissions can seriously annoy a potential enemy.
Scientists wanting to study these smelly compounds—to understand which aspects of them discourage attackers and why—face great challenges. Meetups between sawflies and ants in a lab are difficult to carry out. There are also a very limited quantity of the insects’ emissions. On the side, Jean-Luc Boevé, a zoologist who studies insects, from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, is an amateur musician and composer. He decided to try a different way—the sound approach. “To be honest, I considered this project so unpractical myself that I set it aside,” he said. It was months before Boevé and his partner, Rudi Giot, finally made a resolution to get started on it.
They chose 16 sawfly species’ emissions to translate into sounds. First, they figured out which molecules (分子) were present in each smelly compound and in what amounts. Then they assigned various characteristics of those molecules matching properties of sound. For example, smaller molecules like a kind of acid found in vinegar, a sour-tasting liquid, evaporate (挥发) quickly, so Boevé and Giot assigned them sounds with higher pitch ( 音 高 ). Larger molecules were given lower-pitched sounds. In all, the scientists created individual audio descriptions for 20 molecules. Then they combined the sounds of each molecule present in a sawfly’s smell to construct the insect’s soundtrack. If a molecule was of higher proportion in an emission, they assigned it a higher volume. In such a case, the smaller a molecule is, the higher its pitch will be; and the higher the proportion of a molecule is, the higher its volume will be.
To test out the audio descriptions they created, Boevé and Giot examined people’s reactions to the soundtracks and compared them to ants’ reactions to the original smells. They played the 16 emission soundtracks and the 20 molecule sounds through speakers to about 50 study participants. Then the scientists measured how far people backed up to get to a “comfortable position” away from the noise. Most of the study volunteers told the researchers that the high pitch, as well as the high volume, was what made them withdraw. “Ants and volunteers moved away from a chemical and its matching soundtrack respectively,” the researchers wrote.
Boevé said he hoped the process would give other zoologists a new way to compare sawflies’ chemical defenses with those from other insects. It may also offer researchers clues about which molecules fight off enemies most.
1. What do we know about Boevé from paragraph 2?A.He was devoted to the research for several months. |
B.He started a new approach after months’ hesitation. |
C.He came up with a creative idea thanks to a composer. |
D.He was faced with difficulties in studying rare sawflies. |
A.The volume of sounds is based on the proportion of molecules. |
B.Smaller molecules and lower pitch share similar characteristics. |
C.Audio descriptions of the molecules can be divided into 16 kinds. |
D.Participants were required to compare the sounds with the smells. |
A.the soundtracks are more than what humans are likely to bear |
B.the ants dislike the sounds as much as humans hate the smells |
C.humans’ reactions to the sounds resemble ants’ responses to the smells |
D.other zoologists are looking for innovative ways of studying molecules |
A.explain ways to transfer smells into soundtracks |
B.introduce research on sawfly’s effect on humans |
C.demonstrate a scientific study on insects’smells |
D.test out people’s reaction to various soundtracks |