3 . Ten years ago, the Italian area of Cinque Terre was ______ by a deadly flood. Paradisi at that time ran a hotel. Just a month earlier, he had got a dog, Leo, on September 25, 2011. A month later, although dogs were ______ from his office, he decided to take his new pet to work. A storm was already brewing (形成) in the area, and he was ______ leaving the dog at home.

“It was the fault that saved my ______,” he says. By the time the pair got to La Spezia, the storm had already ______ — heavy rain, thunder and hail. Paradisi decided to leave early, ______ the weather would only get worse. “Even in the first mile, it ______ —I’d never seen it worsen like that before,” he says. “There was a tornado of water that hit the mountains, and I couldn’t even see a meter ahead. I had ______ of about 30 centimeters, so was driving extremely slowly.”

Paradisi had put Leo in the back of his car for the 17-mile journey, and for most of it, the dog had ______ there in silence. Until, getting closer and closer to Prevo, as the car wound round the cliff, Leo made his move.” He ______ into the front and onto my knees, so I had to stop,” says Paradisi. “I was angry — I said, “Leo, I’m driving.” At that moment —just as he was trying to ______ the dog off his lap, and get going again — the cliff fell away in front of them. “The rocks just came down. It almost ______ the car. A meter further forward, and we’d have been ______ ,” he says.

In ______, he says, he managed to turn the car around and make it as far as Manarola, another of the Cinque Terre villages. “It was only then that I understood what was happening. It was ______ Leo that I’m alive. ”

1.

A．threw

B．struck

C．crashed

D．burst

2.

A．protected

B．fought

C．banned

D．permitted

3.

A．satisfied

B．happy

C．unconcerned

D．uncomfortable

4.

A．car

B．dog

C．house

D．life

5.

A．started

B．grew

C．worsened

D．weaken

6.

A．predicting

B．fearing

C．promising

D．hoping

7.

A．stopped

B．happened

C．changed

D．improved

8.

A．distance

B．vision

C．feeling

D．action

9.

A．watched

B．slept

C．sat

D．observed

10.

A．leapt

B．slipped

C．walked

D．raced

11.

A．give

B．break

C．draw

D．move

12.

A．destroyed

B．touched

C．broke

D．pressed

13.

A．gone

B．hurt

C．missing

D．regretful

14.

A．sorrow

B．thrill

C．terror

D．confusion

15.

A．regardless of

B．thanks to

C．according to

D．apart from

4 . The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may wonder whether their pets — or wild animals for that matter — knew the disaster was coming.

To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes. The records included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.

The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake. Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself. They were just responding to foreshocks.

“The space-time pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar,” Woith said. “From this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks. These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake. They don’t have super power.”

Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking. “A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof,” Woith said.

To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers ask a number of yes-or-no questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible?” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really unusual?”

Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit. Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.

1. How did Woith conduct the study?

A．By analyzing former reports.

B．By observing animals’ behavior.

C．By collecting data in the earthquake.

D．By comparing animals’ different responses.

2. What is Woith’s new finding?

A．Tigers become depressed easily.	B．Certain animals have super power.
C．Some animals can react to foreshocks.	D．Animals in the same area act similarly.

3. What surprised the scientists in the study?

A．All reported cases took place in the same area.

B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.

C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.

D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.

4. What is mainly talked about in the passage?

A．How animals behave in earthquakes.

B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.

C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.

D．Why people study animals’ behavior in earthquakes.

5 . A study showed that farms with surrounding natural habitat experienced the most benefits from birds. The study, published in Journal of Applied Ecology, was conducted at 21 strawberry fields along California’s Central Coast. It found that birds were more likely to carry foodborne pathogens (病原体) and eat more berries without surrounding natural habitat.

The study looked at how different farming practices influenced the costs and benefits that wild birds provided on the strawberry farms. The scientists combined nearly 300 bird surveys and the tests of more than 1,000 droppings’ samples from 55 bird species to determine which birds ate pests, beneficial insects and crops, and carried foodborne pathogens.

They also ranked birds to see which were more likely to bring benefits or costs to farmlands. Barn swallows, for instance, got a “gold star” in the study. Their mud nests are commonly seen attached to the underside of eaves (屋檐), from which they fly out to fields, searching for insects.

Rather than result in a list of “good” and “bad” birds, the study found that most bird species brought both costs and benefits to farms, depending on how the landscape was managed. The presence of natural habitat was the single most important driver differentiating a farm where wild birds brought more benefits than harm.

Growers will tell you it’s impossible to keep birds off your farm—you can’t do that and don't want to from a conservation perspective. “Nature is messy, and birds are complex,” the researcher said. “The best we can do is understand how to take advantage of the benefits while reducing the harm.”

A related study in 2020 found that farms with natural habitat attracted more insect-eating birds and fewer strawberry-eating birds. Such habitats also bring greater numbers of bird species to the landscape. All together, these studies suggest that farming landscapes with natural habitat tend to be good for conservation, farmers, and public health.

1. What does the study focus on?

A．Pathogens found on the strawberry farms.

B．The species of birds near farmers’ fields.

C．The effect of birds’ natural habitat on farming.

D．Damage to crops and strawberries on the farm.

2. What can we learn about barn swallows?

A．They can bring benefits for farmland.

B．They are good at nesting on the rocks.

C．They will add to the cost of farming.

D．They are more likely to carry some viruses.

3. What mainly concerns the researchers?

A．How to keep wild birds off farms.

B．How to maximize the benefits of birds.

C．How to run more farms with natural habitats.

D．How to balance birds’ protection and farm profits.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．More birds, more strawberries

B．Farms—the natural habitats of wild birds

C．Bringing out the best in wild birds on farms

D．The natural habitats of birds are being destroyed

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was 3 a. m. when the flood came on an unseasonably warm night in June. Rocks were heard breaking. Susan Roberts, new to Red Lodge, Montana, a small town of 2,300 people, woke from an uneasy sleep. She saw the lights on at her across-the-way neighbors’, on the side bordering Rock Creek, a 55-mile river skirting the town’s eastern edge.

Roberts’s next-door neighbor, a police officer, was evacuating (疏散) with his four kids, and he advised Roberts to do the same. So she put her dogs in the car and moved it to an narrow street behind her home, about 10 feet uphill, as her husband went from house to house, waking others. It was still dark; people were sleeping and didn’t realize. More people went to each other’s doors, saying, “Wake up and you have to get out.”

The couple stayed in their car and on the few feet of dry land surrounding it for the entirety of the next day, watching their house ruined. Trees were washed down the town’s main street. Cars floated away. Floods ruined the Beartooth Highway, a major road connecting Red Lodge to Billings. “The town looked like a riverbed,” says Roberts. “The whole community was wandering around, trying to grasp what happened.”

The day after the flood, more than 20 people friends, neighbors, strangers, even tourists flocked (群集) to help. “People went into our wet, muddy basement and pulled everything out,”   says Roberts. “They sorted and took things home to wash. One person came to clean up our yard. A mother and her two young children pulled rubbish from our chain-link fence.” Helpers even saved her precious photo albums, drying each print before returning it to the book.

And volunteers kept coming every day until summer’s end. “People would not take no for an answer. If I was like, ‘Oh, we’re OK now,’ they’d be like, ‘No, I’m gonna do something,’” she says.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Soon, all over town, people took action jointly to clean up the whole mess.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

More than a year later, Red Lodge began to take on a new look.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

Over and over at the UN climate summit in Glasgow, world leaders have stressed the need     1     (limit) global warming to 1. 5 degrees Celsius. Experts have said crossing the 1. 5 ℃threshold(界限）risks     2     （release) far more severe climate change effects on people, wildlife and ecosystems. Preventing it     3     (require) almost halving global CO₂ emissions(排放) by 2030 from 2010 levels and cutting them to net-zero by 2050.

Already, the world has heated to around 1. 1℃ above pre-industrial levels. Each of the last four decades was     4     (hot) than any decade since 1850. “We never had such a global warming in only a few decades,” said climate     5     (science) Daniela Jacob at the Climate Service Center Germany.

More warming to 1. 5 ℃ and beyond will     6     (worse) such impacts. For example, heatwaves would become both more frequent and more severe. A warmer atmosphere can also hold more moisture(水分), resulting in more extreme rainfall     7     raises flood risks. It also increases evaporation, leading to more intense droughts.

“At 1. 5 ℃, there’s     8     good chance that we can keep most of the Greenland and west Antarctic ice sheet     9     collapsing,” said climate expert Michael Mann at Pennsylvania State University. That would help limit sea level rise to a few     10     (foot) by the end of the century.

9 . 你班最近举行了一次题为“海洋探索”的班会。请根据下表内容给学校英语报写一篇报道，介绍讨论情况并发表你的观点。

赞同理由	1. 帮助我们更好了解海洋生态系统；2. 找到新资源。
反对理由	1. 已造成海洋污染； 2. 过度探索将带来持续的不良后果。
你的观点	……

提示词：生态系统 ecosystem
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10 . A new study discovers that sharks do sleep, and they often sleep with their eyes open. Since some sharks have to swim constantly to keep oxygen-rich water flowing over their gills (鱼鳃), people have long thought that they don’t sleep at all.

Researchers from Australia have now recorded a species of shark sleeping for the first time, finishing the long-standing debate about whether sharks sleep. To see if sharks were in fact asleep, the team analyzed the metabolism (新陈代谢) and pose of seven draughtsboard sharks (猫鲨) over 24 hours. When the sharks were resting for five minutes or longer, their oxygen consumption dropped, which suggested the animals were sleeping. And the researchers also noticed that the sharks changed their posture by lying flat and closer to the ground.

The sharks sometimes slept with their eyes shut as well, though, mostly during the day. At night, they tended to keep their eyes open more often, leading researchers to suspect that the sharks’ eye closure might have more to do with light than the sleep state itself. “Not only are sleeping sharks less responsive to their surroundings, but they also have lower metabolic rate,” said Michael Kelly, an ecophysiologist at La Trobe University.

“Sharks are an important group as they are the oldest living jawed vertebrates (颌类脊椎动物) — a character they share with us,” Michael Kelly said. “Sharks have been swimming in the sea for over 400 million years and have evolved very little in that time. Understanding how and why these animals sleep will provide important understanding into the function of sleep and how the animal has evolved over time.”

The team points out that more research will be needed to see if other species sleep like the draughtsboard sharks. Next they plan to continue to analyze the sharks’ brain activity while they sleep, to learn more about their waking and resting states.

1. What is the previous misunderstanding about sharks?

A．They sleep with their eyes closed.

B．They breathe in flowing water.

C．They swim frequently at night.

D．They always stay awake.

2. What do researchers find about draughtsboard sharks?

A．They need to rest every five minutes in the sea.

B．They consume much less oxygen during the day.

C．They have the same pose when awake and when asleep.

D．They might close their eyes not to sleep but to avoid light.

3. What does paragraph 4 talk about?

A．The process of the research.

B．The negation of the research.

C．The significance of the research.

D．The introduction of the researchers.

4. What do the researchers think of their research in the last paragraph?

A．Insufficient.

B．Unrealistic.

C．Meaningless.

D．Inefficient.