1 . As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A.Pocket parks are now popular. | B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities. |
C.Many cities are overpopulated. | D.People enjoy living close to nature. |
A.To compare different types of park-goers. | B.To explain why the park attracts tourists. |
C.To analyze the main features of the park. | D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. |
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. |
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature. |
C.The same nature experience takes different forms. |
D.The nature language enhances work performance. |
A.Language study. | B.Environmental conservation. |
C.Public education. | D.Intercultural communication. |
2 . Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “
A.All plants are different |
B.Not only do they look beautiful |
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors |
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer |
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best |
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help |
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding |
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang,
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental
In the last five years. Cao
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers
4 . Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?A.By following instructions. | B.By using a tool. |
C.By turning the box around. | D.By removing the lid. |
A.Using a key to unlock a door. | B.Telling parrots from other birds. |
C.Putting a ball into a round hole. | D.Grouping toys of different shapes. |
A.How far they are able to see. |
B.How they track moving objects. |
C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys. |
D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. |
A.Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers | B.Cockatoos: Independent Learners |
C.Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers | D.Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters |
5 . Like most of his classmates, Zhang Yixuan is facing academic pressure as he is preparing to attend the national college entrance examination, or gaokao, next year. However, compared with playing smartphones and games, Zhang Yixuan prefers spending his summer vacation walking in wild nature, meeting little creatures like crabs. His bedroom is packed with dozens of “living treasures” that he has collected from the outdoors, including insects, fish, and crabs.
It is the microscope that his father bought him that makes the bedroom look more like a mini-biology lab than anything else and it’s a place where Zhang can devote himself to identifying or observing crabs day and
Last year, a group of crabs caught Zhang’s attention since they looked unusual compared with the commonly seen ones in Rongxian county, where he lives. He decided to take seven of them home. After much observation and lots
The hardworking and gifted teenager is very grateful to his parents for their understanding and support. His father Zhang Lefei, who was born in a rural area, loved catching fish and crabs himself at an early age. So he and his wife would take their son out into nature to explore as much as possible and would allow him to observe crabs quietly without any disturbs.
They say interest is the best teacher. And so are parents, it seems.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Zhang Yixuan?A.His hobbies. | B.His character. |
C.His academic pressure. | D.His relationship with others. |
A.In the wild. | B.In his school. |
C.In his bedroom. | D.In a biology lab. |
A.Showed. | B.Inferred. |
C.Argued. | D.Suggested. |
A.To share their interest. | B.To show their support. |
C.To indicate their effort. | D.To reveal their background. |
Scientists are racing to study the volcano in Tonga that
“Everything so far about this eruption is really strange,” said Janine Krippner,
The tsunami waves that followed the eruption
Monitoring underwater volcanoes is a complex task. GPS — which is frequently used
7 . If you were to throw, say, a banana peel out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it’s part of a fruit — right? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to be naturally processed, and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of discarded banana peels. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana peel, but tin cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles.
Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t merely measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short length of biodegrading time, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded in the UK every day.
It’s not a cheap habit either: to keep our streets clean annually costs UK taxpayers £500 million, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to £1 billion. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a £20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you disposed of something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve. Regardless of how severe these punishments might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were found guilty out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people obey the rules.
1. What does the underlined word “discarded” in para1 mean?A.Harmless. | B.Processed. | C.Thrown. | D.Long-lasting. |
A.Glass bottles. | B.Tin cans. | C.Cigarette butts. | D.Banana peels. |
A.The severity of rubbish can be measured by its lifetime. |
B.Quite a few people were found guilty of illegally littering. |
C.Every year UK taxpayers spend £500 million keeping streets free of dirt. |
D.Cigarette-related litter and peels can be ignored for their fairly short lifetime. |
A.To inform readers of different biodegrading terms. |
B.To call for people not to litter illegally. |
C.To encourage people to use fewer plastic bags. |
D.To stress the importance of good behavior. |
African elephants | |
Size | The largest land animals on earth. |
Habits | ● Do not ● Eat plants, from grass to ● Live near rivers and lakes. |
Social behaviors | ● Produce a baby every ● Family ● Communicate with each other by using |
9 . You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their
The next week we walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our
We continued to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her
A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I
A.ownership | B.membership | C.companionship | D.leadership |
A.reservations | B.expectations | C.confidence | D.prejudice |
A.feared | B.doubted | C.hoped | D.learned |
A.predicted | B.worried | C.regretted | D.insisted |
A.breath | B.balance | C.attention | D.imagination |
A.calm | B.sure | C.soon | D.real |
A.By the way | B.In that case | C.By all means | D.In that moment |
A.eye | B.tail | C.ear | D.leg |
A.secretly | B.constantly | C.eventually | D.unwillingly |
A.left | B.sold | C.suggested | D.searched |
A.late | B.hard | C.fine | D.free |
A.emptied | B.respected | C.occupied | D.discovered |
A.looking | B.caring | C.waiting | D.calling |
A.beg | B.trust | C.need | D.aid |
A.toys | B.awards | C.food | D.water |
内容包括:
1.海洋的重要性;
2.保护海洋的倡议。
注意:词数100左右。
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