1 . How to fight California’s wildfires? It’s an “all of the above” respond.
There might, indeed, be a need to make it easier to thin dying or dead trees out of thickly forested areas, reducing the fuel for wildfires. But the problem is actually more complicated. Even if dead trees are removed, the dry bushes act like kindling(引火物) when wildfires spread.
Even more to the point, thick forests were not a factor in these recent California’s fires. “They’re using these fires to talk about forest management that has nothing to do with the landscape in which the fires are occurring,” says Chur Miller. W. M. Keck Professor of Environmental Analysis and History at Pomona College in Claremont, California.
Climate change is making wildfires worse. The resulting unpredictable weather patterns have created shorter, wetter winters in California, producing a sudden, heavy growth of brushes, grasses and trees. After winter, the state’s ongoing drought and record-high summer temperatures draw water out of the plants, making them near-perfect kindling. With the hot and dry Santa Ana winds of fall, fires explode out of control.
Yet these tragedies can’t be blamed only on global warming. Wildfires are actually a vital of the state’s ecosystem. Lodgepole pines (松树), for example, grow well in fire-prone areas where millions of structures have been built in rural areas of California since the 1940s. When they burn, the cost in lives and treasures skyrockets.
Answering these disasters with a one-dimensional solution helps no one, although it might score short-term political points. The proper response includes placing limits on residential expansion into wildlands; better management and removal of dry brushes and continuously addressing the growing concern of climate changes.
In other words, the solution isn’t either/or. It’s all of the above.
1. What do Char Miller’s words indicated?| A．It is wrong to blame thick woods for the recent fires. |
| B．It is right to remove dead trees from the forested areas. |
| C．It is high time to strengthen forest management. |
| D．It is a pity that the fires destroyed the beautiful landscape. |
| A．By causing the plants to grow wildly. |
| B．By expanding the plants into wildlands. |
| C．By making the plants easy to catch fires. |
| D．By drawing water out of the plants. |
| A．Global warming caused these tragedies. |
| B．California’s ecosystem can easily cause wildfires. |
| C．Lodgepole pines shouldn’t be planted in California. |
| D．The fires brought huge economic losses and many deaths. |
| A．Dealing with the climate change. |
| B．The removal of dry trees. |
| C．Encouraging people to live in wildlands. |
| D．A combination of different measures. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Environmental pollution does great harm to us. Tens of thousands of people die of disease caused by pollution. The area of desert in the world is growing and the weather is getting worst because the forest damage. The waste gas and liquid from factories have polluted air or rivers. Everyone is eager to get fresh air, pleasant weather and safe drunk water.
Luckily more and more people have realized what serious the problem is and they were trying their best to take measures to protect the environment. Therefore, we still need to encourage more and more people to join us in protecting their environment. Let’s keep in the mind that protecting the environment is saving ourselves!
3 . When I was a baby, I entertained you and made you laugh. Whenever I was “bad”, you'd shake your finger at me and ask, “How could you?”--but then you'd give up, and roll me over for a belly scratch and I believed that life could not be any more perfect.
My housetraining was a long process, because you were terribly busy, but we worked on that together. We went for long walks, runs in the park and car rides. We stopped for ice cream. I took long naps in the sun waiting for you to come home at the end of the day.
Gradually, you began spending more time at work and on your career, and more time searching for a human mate. Eventually, you fell in love. She, now your wife, is not a dog person, but I still welcomed her into our home. I was happy because you were happy. Then the human babies came along and I shared your excitement, I was fascinated by their pinkness, how they smelled, and I wanted to mother them too. Your wife was afraid I would bite them. But nevertheless, as they began to grow, I became their friend.
Now, you have a new job in another city and you and they will be moving to an apartment that does not allow pets. You've made the right decision for your “family”, but there was a time when I was your only family.
I was excited about the car ride until we arrived at the dog pound. It smelled of dogs and cats, of fear, of hopelessness. You filled out the paperwork and said, “I know you will find a good home for her.” They shrugged and gave you a pained look. The children were in tears as they waved me goodbye. And “How could you?” were the only three words that swept over my mind.
Is it better to live with hope or without hope? At first, whenever anyone passed my pen , I rushed to the front, hoping it was you, that you had changed your mind and that this was all a bad dream.
My beloved master, I will think of you and wait for you forever. I hope you receive more faithfulness from your family than you showed to me.
1. Why was the dog excited about the car ride?| A．It thought of moving with its master. |
| B．It hoped to be adopted（收养）by another family. |
| C．It was longing for the life at the pound |
| D．It was happy about its master's decision. |
| A．the dog had done many bad things | B．the dog would be given less care |
| C．the master's decision upset the dog | D．the master left the dog with regret |
| A．It felt disappointed with its master. | B．It continued to love its former owner. |
| C．It did not trust humans any more. | D．It was excited about the pound. |
| A．Be ready for changes. | B．Never expect too much. |
| C．Never complain about your life. | D．Be faithful to those who love you. |
4 . What is the capital of Canada? If you’re well-versed in geographic knowledge, you know the answer is Ottawa. But why is that? After all, Toronto is much larger than any other city in Canada. Montreal is an international city with ties to Europe. Vancouver is a major city with a very strategic port. Quebec City is centrally located.
Why were none of these cities chosen to be the capital of Canada? As it turns out, choosing a capital city is more complicated than pointing to the biggest city on the map.
Ottawa was a good choice because it was centrally located between two other major contenders. Montreal (which was predominantly French) and York (now Toronto, which was predominantly British). These two cities were the largest in Ontario and Quebec, which were at the center of Canada in the middle of 19th century. Picking Ottawa was a good compromise, as the Queen did not want to appear to favor one major city over the other.
Also, unlike Toronto and Montreal, Ottawa was central but also a safe distance away from Canada’s southern neighbor, the United States. It meant the capital would be safer in the event the U.S. decided to attack again. After all, it had only been 40 years since the War of 1812 when American troops had invaded as a result of British interference(干涉) in shipping. Although America was unable to capture Canada, the invasion was costly for the British government, who was not about to let it happen again.
Hence, Ottawa was a great choice for the capital of Canada.
1. Which is the biggest city in Canada?| A．Toronto. | B．Ottawa. |
| C．Montreal. | D．Vancouver. |
| A．Ottawa was in the middle of Canada. |
| B．The Queen did not want to be criticized. |
| C．The two cities were in the middle of Canada. |
| D．There were different languages between the two cities. |
| A．The United States was a good neighbor. |
| B．The United States often attacked Canada. |
| C．Toronto and Montreal were in the middle of Canada. |
| D．The capital was not easy to be attacked. |
5 . One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. Rubbish of all kinds is piling up in landfill and polluting our rivers and oceans. A more recent addition to the list of things we throw away is e-waste—electronic items that are broken and not recycled. Now solutions are being found to give this stuff a new life.
Many millions of tons of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded each year, partly because it’s cheaper to replace them than fix them, but also because we lack the skills to repair them. A UN report claims the 50 million tons of e-waste produced every year will more than double to 110 million tons by 2050, making it the fastest growing waste stream in the world.
However, there's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. The BBC visited a Restart Project in London, which is one of many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, make the life of objects longer, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault. ''
As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting(提取)these materials from electrical items. It’s thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining. With phones typically containing as many as 60 elements, this could be part of the solution to our appetite for new technology.
These projects make total sense — collection of e-waste for recycling are ''stagnating'' (停滞不前的) or even ''decreasing'' according to Ruediger Kuehr of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no legislation(立法), much of it is just thrown away. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to deal with the problem by insisting that manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.
1. What does the underlined word ''discarded'' in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．recycled | B．thrown away | C．dealt with | D．produced |
| A．It helps people to use their electronics longer in order to reduce waste. |
| B．It collects all kinds of electronic items that are broken. |
| C．It encourages people to get rid of items that have developed a fault. |
| D．It is one of the famous clubs in the world. |
| A．Negative. | B．Positive. | C．Neutral. | D．Critical. |
| A．Giving the rubbish a new life | B．The fastest growing waste stream |
| C．Solving the problem of e-waste | D．The importance of recycling |
6 . During summer days, warmer temperatures bring pests like mosquitoes. Mosquitoes can cause lots of trouble for people.
An easy way to protect yourself against mosquitoes is using repellents (驱虫剂). Joseph Conlon, an advisor of the American Mosquito Control Association, recommends using repellents that are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency, which ensures that they actually do no harm to humans.
Mosquitoes are also very weak. A slight wind from a fan can help keep them away from you. It turns out that many mosquitoes are not very good fliers.
Another way is to clear all the standing water (积水) every five days. Conlon explains that mosquitoes can produce young in water collected in areas as small as bottle caps. But they have a limited flight range, which means they can’t travel far. “The best way to avoid them is to not have them around in the first place.” he says. If you’ve got them in your backyard, it’s because you’re raising them in your backyard.
| A．They usually provide two hours of protection. |
| B．Do remember to keep children away from them. |
| C．So try to make sure your house doesn’t have standing water. |
| D．You can wear protective clothing and keep your windows closed. |
| E．You can set up a fan in your house so that mosquitoes can’t bite you. |
| F．Many people hardly sleep well at night with mosquitoes flying around. |
| G．The researchers also try to find high-tech solutions to mosquito population. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last week, my parents took me to the seaside. As soon as we reached the beach, I ran to the sea and jump in the water. The water rolled away from us. I still remember the sound of the water hit the beach and the foam (泡沫) of water as foam in soda or beer. I looked along the beach for shell to collect. I found a beautiful one, but sudden the owner of the shell appeared from inside. I was so surprising! My father told me to leave it since it was dangerous animal. When we went home, I decided I should return all the shells back to the beach to be part of the home of crabs.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I am more than glad to tell you about my trip in Xi’an, a capital city of Shaanxi Province.
What impresses me deep is its natural scenery and long history. First, as it is known to the world, Xi’an has a long history and is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. Its cultural and historical significance of the area, as well as many historical sites, help Xi’an enjoy the title of “Natural History Museum”. The Terracotta Warriors, as example, are praised as “the eight wonder of the world”. Second, it is in a favorable geographical location surrounding by the Wei River and Qinling. I have also climbed Mount Hua, one of the five most famous mountains in China, what is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and unique characteristics.
It is really worthy visiting, and I’m looking forward to your coming.
9 . Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us.
If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find that there are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants.
Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed, some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit.
Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores (胚芽). Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places, they usually grow into new plants.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.| A．plants are important for life | B．plants cannot grow without air |
| C．there are many plants in the world | D．we can not live without water |
| A．flower, water and air | B．water, sunlight and air |
| C．air, water and soil | D．air, sun and light |
| A．Of all living things animals are most important |
| B．Spores are seeds |
| C．All fruits of flowering plants have seeds |
| D．Without plants, man will die out |
| A．a medicine book | B．a novel |
| C．a science magazine | D．an experiment report |
| A．damaged | B．polluted | C．prevented | D．guarded |
10 . A British man is excited but exhausted after becoming the tenth Briton to reach the summit (顶点) of K2, the world’s second-highest mountain.
Jake Meyer 34, a mountaineer and army reserve officer, reached the 28,251 ft (8.611 m) summit at 8 am local time on Saturday after a five-day climb from base camp. He had to spend two nights at a camp on the way to the summit to allow a snowstorm to pass.
“This has been a journey more than ten years in the making, and my third attempt at this extraordinary mountain,” he told The Times. “While we were lucky with a weather window for our summit day, the conditions were still incredibly challenging at times, I’m happy to be back at base camp and I know my family and friends will be relieved that K2 is in the bag.
Mr Meyer, from Gloucestershire, who reached the summit of Qomolangma at the age of 21. has been chronicling (按时序记载) his climb on social media, sending out a picture from the summit. After a two-day journey to base camp, he said,“I’m just looking forward to getting home to my incredibly supportive wife.”
K2 was first summitted in 1954 by two Italian climbers, Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni. It is the tallest mountain in the Karakoram range on the border of China and Pakistan. And it is the second most dangerous mountain in the world, killing every one climber out of four. Climbs are generally attempted in the summer due to the mountain’s severe weather.
This was Mr Meyer’s third attempt, after journeys in 2009 and 2016 were abandoned due to bad weather. Poor conditions also forced him to turn back last week in his attempt to reach the summit of Broad Peak, the 12th highest mountain in the world and another of the “eight thousanders” — the 14 mountains in the world above 8,000 meters. He came within 150 meters of the top, which he was attempting to reach alone in preparation for his K2 climb.
1. What does the underlined phrase “a weather window” in paragraph 3 probably mean?| A．A piece of equipment for forecasting weather. | B．A window through which people look out. |
| C．A machine to protect against bad weather. | D．A period of suitable weather conditions. |
| A．The first attempt to climb it was made in 1954. |
| B．Climbing it is dangerous with a high death rate. |
| C．It is the most difficult to climb due to its poor weather. |
| D．None of the attempts to climb it were made in winter. |
| A．He spent five days climbing K2. | B．He was the third man to reach the top of K2. |
| C．He failed twice in his attempt to climb K2. | D．He reached the summit of Broad Peak last week. |
| A．A story collection. | B．A newspaper report. |
| C．A research paper. | D．A personal diary. |
