1 . “How many of us as children have stared up at a church-like top of a giant tree and climbed it in wonder, which is a rally special part of our lives?” asks Bill Laurance, a tropical ecologist at James Cook University. “The leaves of big trees in forests are spreading out in all directions. We’re faced with organisms that have evolved for long periods of ecological stability.”
“There’s a lot to discuss on the issue,” says David Lindenmayer, a conservation ecologist at the Australian National University. “Climate change will mean that, in some forests, big trees won’t reach the same sizes they used to.” The effects of climate change, including long droughts, more invasive species and so on increase the simple physical challenges that big trees face in pulling water from their roots to their leaves and withstanding windstorms.
Lindenmayer and Laurance define “large, old trees” as the largest five percent mature trees within a species. The flexible definition means that in some forests, the large, old trees might be only 20 meters tall and 100 years old.
These large, old trees control the surrounding plant communities, affect water and nutrient distribution, and provide food and shelter for wildlife. “They’re really the breadbaskets of the forest,” says Laurance. “This is a very environmentally and ecologically important group of organisms, and they need special care and handling.” Determining the distribution and habitat requirements for large, old trees in the landscape is the first step towards ensuring their survival, “We have to ensure that what we’re thinking is long-term, to match the way these trees have existed for hundreds or even thousands of years,” says Laurance. “It’s going to be a real challenge to keep some places where there is still wildlife and the big church-like trees that we all really care about.”
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?A.By definition. | B.By quoting someone's words. |
C.By comparison. | D.By drawing some conclusions. |
A.They have become shorter but thicker. | B.They easily pull water from their roots. |
C.They are affected by various factors. | D.They grow taller because of climate change. |
A.Planting big trees is the first step in forest protection. |
B.The plants around control trees survival. |
C.Big trees mainly depend on wildlife for survival. |
D.It is necessary to take good care of big trees. |
A.Protect Forest Giants | B.Keep Ecological Stability |
C.Deal with Forest: Organisms | D.Fight Against Climate Change |
1.说明环保的重要性;
2.列举至少一项日常环保举措;
3.发出号召。
注意:写作词数应为80左右。
Good afternoon, everyone!
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Thank you for your listening!
3 . Zhu Dejun’s first job after graduating from college was as a road design engineer in his hometown, Alshaa League, North Chin’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region(内蒙古自治区). In 2011, when Zhu was conducting a road survey along with his colleagues, he saw a plant that he didn’t recognize. Later, Zhu learned that the plant was a saxaul (灌木梭梭) tree which is an excellent tree species for sand fixation and afforestation (造林) in desert areas. Known as a desert guardian, a fully grown saxaul tree can hold together a 10-square-meter patch of desert land, according to Zhu.
Zhu quit (辞去) his job at the design institute in 2014 and joined a nonprofit organization, the Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology Conservation, or SEE, in the same year, concentrating on dealing with desertification (沙漠化) .During the past eight years, Zhu has been leading a team from SEE to plant saxaul trees in sandy areas in Alshaa League and other places of Inner Mongolia.
In 2014, the SEE launched a project titled “one million saxaul trees”, aiming to reach that number from 2014 to 2023, turning the desert of more than 133, 330 hectares (公顷) back into a satisfying ecosystem. By the end of 2018, half of the organization’s goal had been achieved. In 2016, Ant Finance cooperated with SEE to introduce the Ant Forest platform, not only encouraging people to choose “a low-carbon way” of shopping, traveling and living, but also to help control desertification.
Through the participation of a greater number of online users, who grow virtual trees, the SEE Foundation, set up in 2008, has been providing subsidies (补助金) for local herdsmen and farmers while also offering technological support to plant saxaul trees in desert areas. Now, Zhu is the head of the foundation’s project to fight desertification. He also gives lectures about saxaul trees and the fight against desertification at schools, hoping to raise awareness among young people.
1. What did Zhu Dejun do first after graduation?A.Here searched on saxaul trees. |
B.He joined a nonprofit organization. |
C.He found ways to fight desertification. |
D.He focused on road design engineering. |
A.They are easily taken care of. |
B.They can grow fast in deserts. |
C.They are perfect for holding water. |
D.They can fight desertification effectively. |
A.They teamed up with Ant Finance. |
B.They planted one million saxaul trees. |
C.They held online lectures on desertification. |
D.They encouraged donation from online users. |
A.By providing subsidies. | B.By raising awareness. |
C.By planting trees online. | D.By offering technological support. |
Indoor plants are a beautiful way to
Gardening expert Jessica Damiano
5 . Anyone wanting to help the poor may like this idea—recycling aluminum cans in a different way, which is apparently also good for the environment. So you're actually killing two birds with one stone. It goes without saying that recycling aluminum cans can save resources, energy, time and money. People usually save and place aluminum cans in the dustbins, which are then collected and taken away by cleaners, who will finally recycle them in the recycling center. But if you save the aluminum cans, and skip the cleaners, you can save these same cans for something more important—helping the poor. In other words, by doing less, you are giving the environmental cause some new significance.
Here is how to put this idea into action. Take your aluminum cans and place them in a plastic bag. For the dirty ones, rinse them out first. Store the bag of clean aluminum cans. Once you collect about one hundred cans or more, take the cans to the recycle center yourself. There are about eighteen aluminum cans in a pound. And you can receive three to four dollars for one hundred cans. Donate your three to four dollars to the poor or any charity organization of your choice.
By now, you may wonder if your few dollars have really made a difference to the poor. Consider this: Is there any individual or any specific event that is great enough to change the world or decide the direction that history takes? The answer is probably no. What if there were a lot of people who would do the same thing? History shows nothing but the collective will of the whole community. And that will surely be powerful enough to make a bigger difference.
Go to your community or your school and spread your idea. Share your idea and save your aluminum cans with other people. One hundred people can speak louder than one. And the money you make by saving cans can be multiplied by one hundred times. And if more people join in the cause around the world, an even larger difference can be made , and more people in need will enjoy the benefits.
1. What's special about the new idea?A.It makes profits. | B.It saves resources. |
C.It benefits the poor. | D.It involves cleaners. |
A.Dirty cans do not sell well. | B.You decide who receives the money. |
C.A hundred cans weigh about 3 pounds. | D.The recycle center is conveniently located. |
A.A great individual or event. | B.The direction history takes. |
C.The collective will of people. | D.The neighbourhood you live in. |
A.Many hands make light work. | B.Kill two birds with one stone. |
C.Don't put the cart before the horse. | D.No man can do two things at once. |
Earthquake in northwestern China kills at least 118 people
An overnight earthquake killed at least 118 people in a cold and mountainous region in northwestern China,
The magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck in Gansu at a relatively shallow
By mid-morning, 105 people had been confirmed dead in Gansu and another 397 injured, including sixteen people
The earthquake
The rescue work was proceeding in
7 . My son Timmy was born with several rare developmental disabilities. By age 13, he had had at least 10 surgeries on his legs and feet. Balancing and walking was very
Meeting Janice, who
Larry has changed Timmy, s life so much for the better. Not only does Larry give my son
Larry slows to Timmy’s pace and watches every
A.suitable | B.difficult | C.easy | D.perfect |
A.used to | B.seemed to | C.had to | D.failed to |
A.motivated | B.pushed | C.anticipated | D.formed |
A.disappointed | B.strict | C.careful | D.familiar |
A.judgement | B.day | C.match | D.task |
A.dressed | B.stuck | C.pulled | D.invited |
A.support | B.message | C.highlight | D.news |
A.bleeding | B.falling | C.following | D.screaming |
A.take | B.come | C.leave | D.see |
A.sad | B.excited | C.angry | D.well |
A.eat | B.drive | C.read | D.laugh |
A.plan | B.decision | C.move | D.conclusion |
A.amazing | B.shocking | C.boring | D.annoying |
A.exercise | B.security | C.account | D.tension |
A.doctor | B.journey | C.school | D.friend |
Last Friday a storm hit two villages,
A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and
They managed to climb out, but then he saw that one of his children was
A woman said that her husband had just left for work when she noticed that her house was shaking. She rushed outside right away with her children.
9 . Lots of people dream of a beach vacation, but hesitate to take one because they don't want to leave a pet behind.
Find a hotel that is pet-friendly. Most hotels that accept pets will advertise themselves as pet-friendly on their websites.
Clean up after your pet. When vacationing with your pet it doesn't mean that all responsibility is gone. Picking up after it, whether that is when it goes to the bathroom or it makes a mess with its food, is still your responsibility.
Be considerate of others.
A.Protect your pet from the sun. |
B.Make sure you choose a beach that allows pets. |
C.However, there is no need to settle for a pet sitter. |
D.You never know how an animal will react in public. |
E.You could also try to stay with a friend who loves your pet. |
F.If you are unsure whether a hotel accepts pets, call it and ask. |
G.This is especially important at the beach where many people move around. |
10 . Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington D.C..
And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she’s not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.
“It’s very different from their normal call,” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.”
But you can’t see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you can——if you’re an animal.
“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing,” said Brandie Smith. “That’s part of their special abilities. They’re more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”
Primates weren’t the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound and a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes (a kind of birds) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.
So what kind of vibrations (震动) were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves——a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” stands for “secondary”. She thinks the “P” wave might be what sets the animals off.
Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith said the zoo’s giant pandas didn’t jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I’m not surprised at all,” Smith said.
1. Why did Mandara act strangely one day?A.Because it sensed something unusual would happen. |
B.Because its daughter Kibibi was injured. |
C.Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call. |
D.Because an earthquake had happened. |
A.many animals hearing is sharp |
B.earthquakes produce two types of waves |
C.primates usually gather together before a quake |
D.humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake |
A.A giant panda. | B.A flamingo. |
C.A lemur. | D.A lizard. |
A.How animals survive a quake |
B.How animals differ from humans |
C.How animals behave before a quake |
D.How animals protect their young in a quake |