1 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where are the two speakers?

A．On the street.

B．In a park.

C．At a square.

2. What breed is the man’s dog?

A．Golden retriever.

B．Chihuahua.

C．Samoyed.

3. What does the man think about his dog?

A．He’s cute.

B．He’s shy.

C．He’s dangerous.

4. What kind of dog does the woman want to raise?

A．A large-sized dog.

B．A brave dog.

C．A smart dog.

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does the man ask the woman to do?

A．Bring him a snack.

B．Walk the dog.

C．Stay quiet.

2. What is the real reason why the man can’t get up?

A．The dog is sleeping on his legs.

B．He has injured himself.

C．He is very tired.

3. How far does the woman usually walk her dog around the park?

A．5km.

B．10km.

C．15km.

3 . Relatives of starfish, brittle stars (海蛇尾) spend most of their time hiding under rocks in the ocean or digging in the sand. These shy marine creatures have no brain to speak of—just nerve cords running down each of their five wiggly arms, which join to form a nerve ring near their mouth.

“There’s no processing center. Each of the nerve cords can act independently. Instead of a boss, it’s like a committee. That seems to be enough to learn by association,” said lead author Julia Notar. This type of leaning involves associating different stimuli via a process called classical conditioning (条件反射).

Classical conditioning has been demonstrated in a handful of previous studies in starfish. But brittle stars and similarly brainless starfish have not been tested.

To find out if brittle stars have the ability of learning, the researchers put 16 black brittle stars in individual water tanks and used a video camera to record their behavior. Half the brittle stars were trained by dimming the lights for 30 minutes whenever the animals were fed. Every time the lights went out, the researchers would put a bit of shrimp in the tanks, placed just out of reach. The other half got just as much shrimp and also experienced a 30-minute dark period, but never at the same time—the animals were fed under lit conditions.

Whether it was light or dark, the animals spent most of their time hiding behind the filters in their tanks, only coming out at mealtime. But only the trained brittle stars learned to associate darkness with food. They didn’t need to smell or taste the shrimp to react.

Notar said the results are exciting because classical conditioning hasn’t really been shown definitively in this group of animals before. “Knowing that brittle stars can learn means they’re not just robotic scavengers (清道夫) cleaning up the ocean floor,” Notar said. “They’re potentially able to expect and avoid predators (捕食者) or expect food because they’re learning about their environment.”

1. What is paragraph 1 about?

A．The living habits of brittle stars.	B．The features of a brainless creature.
C．The characteristics of the starfish.	D．The definition of classical conditioning.

2. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of experiment design?

A．The hiding time in tanks.	B．The change of feeding location.
C．The amount of the shrimp.	D．Light conditions at mealtime.

3. What does Notar’s research find?

A．Brittle stars can be trained to make a connection.

B．Brittle stars can clean up the ocean floor.

C．Brittle stars’ nerve cords can act independently.

D．Brittle stars have a sharp sense of smell.

4. What does the last paragraph indicate?

A．Brainless brittle stars can act like robots.

B．Brittle stars might keep away from catchers.

C．Brittle stars are the only ocean floor cleaners.

D．Brittle stars are adaptable to new environment.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

About 5,000 years ago, to escape the cold weather, the ancestors of the Liangzhu people settled around the Taihu region     1     they built a city, making     2     both the center of their culture and spiritual belief.

The Liangzhu ancient city was composed of the palace zone, the inner city and the outer city, and there     3     (exist) the City Wall serving as a boundary between the inner and the outer. It had nine gates, with one for pedestrians and the     4     (remain) eight water gates for travelers from the canal.

A complex multi-functional water management system was constructed on the northwest outskirts of the ancient city. Taking advantage of the natural terrain (地势), the system connected numerous valleys,     5     (adjust) river levels, dredging floods and providing security for the ancient city, its water transportation and daily water needs.

Jade (玉)     6     (refer) to as a significant material embodiment (具体化) of the Liangzhu Culture. There were different patterns and styles of jade, with abundant meanings     7     (symbolic) attached to them, such as distinguishing identities and showing social statuses.

In 1936, the remains of the Liangzhu ancient City were found     8     chance and the City was gradually brought to light. Now the unearthed ruins have gained the global     9     (recognize) and workers on the Liangzhu site are committed to combining modern technology with novel cultural creativity     10     (reconstruct) the ancient Liangzhu Culture.

5 . Spending your nights sleeping for just four seconds at a time might sound painful, but not for chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), which fall asleep thousands of times a day, new research finds.

Scientists studying the chinstrap penguins on King George Island in Antarctica found they nod off more than10,000 times a day, allowing them to keep an eye on their nests all the time, protecting eggs and chicks from predators (捕食性动物).

“Nesting penguins took over 600 ‘microsleeps’ an hour, each lasting only four seconds,” researchers wrote in the paper, published in the journal Science. The findings suggest “microsleeps can perform at least some of the functions of sleep”.

Sleep seems to be common among animals, but it makes them vulnerable because they lose the ability to respond quickly to the outside environment.

The researchers studied chinstrap penguins in the wild using electronicephalogram (EEG) monitoring. Microsleeps were shown by sleep-related brain activity and eye-closure. They noticed a slight increase in the depth of sleep at around noon, when risk of predation could be at its lowest.

Studies have shown some species routinely sleep very little, seemingly without negative costs to their performance while awake. African bush elephants sleep on average for two hours a day, and mostly while standing up, one study found. Sometimes they went 48 hours without sleeping.

Giant frigate birds can spend months on the wing during ocean migrations (迁徙). During this period they can sleep for less than an hour a day, while still flying and hunting. When they get back to the nest they sleep for nearly 13 hours a day.

“Sleep seems to be flexible among species,” a researcher said. “I believe that there are still many things unknown about animal sleep.”

1. Why do Chinstrap Penguins nod off more than 10,000 times a day?

A．To find family meals.	B．To guard their newborns.
C．To enjoy good sleep.	D．To get more rest.

2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in paragraph 4?

A．Easily hurt.

B．Fully prepared.

C．Totally satisfied.

D．Widely known.

3. What can affect the depth of sleep according to paragraph 5?

A．Potential attacks from predators.	B．Movements of eyes.
C．The number of nests.	D．Changes of temperature.

4. What do the examples of African bush elephants and giant frigate birds suggest?

A．Larger animals are likely to have less sleep.

B．Some animals sleep more during migration.

C．Birds can sleep when they are standing up.

D．Sleeping little may not affect waking performance.

8 . How Weather Affects Our Mood

The weather supplies many metaphors (隐喻) for our changeable minds. Moods can brighten and darken, futures can be under a cloud, and relationships can be stormy.    1    , but does it also influence our moods?

Of the many aspects of weather, sunshine is the most closely tied to mood. Although the link is weaker than many people imagine, sunlight has repeatedly been found to increase positive moods and reduce tiredness.    2    . Happy people tend to be more favorable toward one another, and people are more helpful when the sun is shining. One study even found that diners in Minnesota, US, tipped more generously on sunny days.

    3    . A study showed that university admissions officers stressed the academic qualifications of applicants more on cloudy days, and their non-academic qualities more on sunny ones.

    4    . The more it departs (偏离) from an ideal of around 20C, the more discomfort we feel. One study found that rates of helping others decreased as temperatures dropped below or rose above this value.

Indeed, the effects of weather on mood depend on our behavior and on how we think.     5    . A study by US psychology researcher Matthew Keller and his colleagues showed that beneficial effects of warm and sunny conditions on mood were only seen in people who had spent more than 30 minutes outdoors that day. Good weather even had negative effects on mood for people confined (限制) indoors, who perhaps looked enviously (嫉妒地) outside at the solar fun they were missing.

A．Similarly, grey weather may encourage serious and calm thinking

B．Aspects of weather beyond heat and sunshine have also been shown to affect mood

C．Weather provides a vivid language for describing our emotional atmosphere

D．Temperature can also affect our mind and behavior

E．But the effects of weather on mood are not entirely biological

F．Anything that changes our moods can affect our behavior

G．Basically, weather will only influence us if we are outdoors experiencing it