1 . Record-breaking. Abnormal. Dangerous. That’s how the National Weather Service described the heat wave hitting much of North America.

The heat wave has already broken all-time high temperature records in places unaccustomed to such extreme heat. For example, Oregon’s capital city, Salem, recorded the highest temperature in its history on Sunday: 130F, breaking the old mark by 4 degrees. The temperature hit 104F in Seattle. It was an all-time record for the city better known for rain than heat and was the first time the area reached such a high temperature since records began being kept in 1894.

Weather forecasters said the heat wave was caused by an extended “heat dome”which allowed hot air from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic to stream northward over much of North America.

This current heat wave was yet more evidence of the impact of human-caused climate change. “When it comes to record-breaking heat events, the study has been run for event after event in region after region in year after year. And the answer is almost always the same,” said Kristie Ebi, a professor at the University of Washington “The days-long heat wave is a taste of the future as climate change reshapes global weather patterns.”

“Another aspect that we see connected to climate change but that we don’t hear about as much is the fact that there is also a lot more water in the atmosphere now. As we warm the oceans and warm the air, there is more evaporation（蒸发）and that wetter air makes us feel hotter,” added weather forecaster, Jennifer Francis. “A combination of high temperature and moisture（湿度）in the air means dangerous conditions for the young, elderly or others who are not healthy. Please drink plenty of water; stay out of the sun and in air-conditioned rooms.”

1. What was the previous temperature record in Salem?

A．104F.

B．126F.

C．130F.

D．134F.

2. What is the root cause of the present heat wave in North America?

A．The climate change.	B．The northward air streams.
C．The extended "heat dome".	D．The moisture in the atmosphere.

3. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．The Dangerous Heat Wave Will Last Long

B．A Heat Wave Roasts Much of North America

C．Measures Must Be Taken to Protect the Young and Elderly

D．The "Heat Dome" Is Expected to Cover the Pacific Northwest

4. Where can the text be found?

A．In a first aid guidebook.	B．In a weather forecast.
C．In a news report.	D．In a professor's lecture.

2 . The Greenwood fire took its name from the nearby lake where lightning struck on Aug.15, causing a wildfire that burned for weeks. Fueled by drought and wind, its persistence dominated headlines for much of late summer and early fall in Minnesota. When the last flames were finally put out, the northern Minnesota fire had consumed nearly 27,000 acres, countless firefighting resources, and at its worst, the lives that some had built around nearby McDougal Lake. Vast areas of forest were left burned-out, with the black and bare remains of what were once massive pines.

But, despite the destruction left behind, Mother Nature is set to a comeback. When organic matter is burned from the forest floor, seeds dropped by plants and trees begin to take hold, with the sprouting species emerging first. The trees above have died, which sends a chemical signal to the root system that is actually more expansive than just under that tree, and that chemical response encourages those root systems to re-grow. Ten years ago, a fire ripped through 93,000 acres of Minnesota forest in and around the BWCA. Today, that burnt area's rebirth is well underway.

"Here in the Pagami Creek wildfire scar, we have Jack Pine, Red Pine, Black Spruce, Aspen and paper birch-those are our main species, those are the ones that are growing quickly. It's 10 years on, and these trees are 10 to 15 feet tall in many areas," said Kyle Stover from the U.S. Forest Service.

A wildfire kills most things in its path, but despite the flames and intense temperatures, rarely is everything reduced to ashes -and that plays a key role in a forest's regeneration. Just one year after the fire, the survivors dominate the forest, and grasses replace the burnt ground. Wildflowers are abundant bushes and small trees have started to grow, and Jack Pine returned. So, it's an amazing ecological system of creating new forest life when it appears that all is lost, one that has evolved throughout the ages, where fire has always played a vital role.

1. What can we learn about the Greenwood fire?

A．It was a natural occurrence	B．It was caused by drought.
C．it gained half-year fame.	D．It took many people's lives.

2. What happens to the burnt area after the fire?

A．Seeding growth is held up.	B．Burnt organic matter hardly functions.
C．Root systems spread further and wider	D．Chemicals in the soil are in greater demand.

3. What can we say about the trees and plants in Minnesota?

A．They are flammable	B．They are fire-resistant
C．They are fire-adapted.	D．They are overgrown.

4. What does the underlined word "one" in the last paragraph refer to?

A．A fire.

B．A life

C．A time.

D．A system

3 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The last time Yunnan caught national attention was when some Asian elephants left their home and     1     (guide) by experts to return to their original habitat safely without     2     (harm) any human. Asian elephants in China, mostly     3     (find) in Yunnan, are under the highest level of state protection. Today, the wild elephant population in Yunnan     4     (grow) to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s. The province has established 11 national or regional-level nature reserves to provide shelter for these mammals.

4 . 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词并用正确的形式填空。

strive for greatness          wipe out             die out            be committed to be to blame                 in one's attempt to          get ahead       up to       in short take action               set so apart            at risk of            boil down to

Human beings are no stranger to extinctions, where entire species     1    . In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. According to scientists, we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction, for which human activity will     2    .

There is a long list of reasons why so many species     3    : pollution, deforestation, farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists believe that     4     three quarters of all species on Earth could become extinct. In turn, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be     5     extinction.

However, it's not too late to     6     now. We need to take steps to set up nature and wildlife reserves, make good use of wind and solar energy, and reduce our carbon footprint.     7    , if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.

5 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The iceberg that was for a time the biggest in the world is no more. A68, as it was known, covered an area of nearly 6,000 km²    1    it broke away from Antarctica in 2017. That's like a small country. But satellites show the mega-berg has now virtually gone, broken into countless small fragments    2    the US National Ice Center says are no longer worth tracking. Most glaciologists regard A68 as the product of a very    3    （nature）process, and it has nothing to do with human-induced climate change.

6 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Microplastics, referring to plastic fragments and particles (碎片和微粒) less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径), have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth. Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different     1     (spot). They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most     2     (pollute) sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal,     3    most human activity on the mountain is concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter (升) of snow.

7 . In the South Atlantic Ocean, there is an island called Tristan da Cunha, which is a six day boat ride from the nearest town Cape Town in South Africa. There’s no airport on Tristan. Every month or so, a boat will bring visitors but not many. The boat will also bring mail and supplies. You can only see about 270 people, 300 cows, 500 sheep, and a whole lot of penguins there.

The British tried to build a military base there in 1816. They gave up after a year. But a soldier and his family talked a few people into staying. Those people slowly built a community. Few trees grow on the island. So they found wood that washed ashore. They used it to build homes and boats. For food, they raised cows, sheep and pigs. They fished and planted potatoes. They promised to share everything they had. Sometimes ships brought supplies to Tristan. But for many years, no one there used money. Instead, people on the island traded potatoes for supplies. It cost five potatoes to send a piece of mail.

Today, nearly everyone on Tristan is a farmer. The island’s main industry is fishing. It has a single factory that cans fish.

Several times, bad luck has nearly destroyed the town on Tristan. In 1885, men died in a boat accident. That left 13 women and only 4 adult men on the island. Still, everyone stayed. In 1961, a bigger disaster stuck. The town was destroyed by a volcanic eruption. All 290 people on the island moved to England. But soon, nearly all of them moved back to the island and rebuilt their town.

What’s so special about life on this lonely island? For islanders like Harold Green, that’s an easy question to answer. Green has lived on Tristan his whole life. He left when the volcano erupted. But England was too loud and too crowded for him. He came back because the island is peaceful.

1. What was used as money on Tristan in the past?

A．Fish.

B．Wood.

C．Sheep.

D．Potatoes

2. What made all the Tristan islander move to England in 1961?

A．A deadly boat accident.

B．A terrible natural disaster.

C．The attraction of modern life.

D．The building of a British military base.

3. How does Harold Green feel about his life on Tristan?

A．Bored

B．Hopeful.

C．Satisfied

D．Regretful.

4. What does the text mainly introduce?

A．A lonely island.

B．A special lifestyle.

C．A famous fishing town.

D．A popular tourist attraction.