1 .

A．Suitable fertilizers.	B．Adequate water.
C．Rich soil.	D．Proper temperature.

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below. Jill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Landslide Injures at least 10 in Norwegian Town of Ask

A landslide (山体滑坡) has smashed into a residential area near the Norwegian capital at midnight on Dec. 30. injuring at least 10 people, leaving 21 unaccounted for and     1    (destroy) several homes, authorities said.

About 700 people have been brought to safety for fear of further landslides.

The landslide cut across a road, leaving a deep gap that cars     2    not pass. Video footage showed dramatic scenes including one house falling into the gap. Photographs showed at least eight destroyed homes.

Rescue workers continued to search the area for children and adults     3    (believe) to have been caught in mud and debris (废墟), police said. "We're still looking for survivors? police spokesman Roger Pettersen told a news conference.

Pettersen said there were no reports of missing people, but officials could not rule out the possibility     4     there might be survivors in collapsed buildings. He said 21 people registered as living in the area are unaccounted for.

One of the injured was seriously hurt, while nine had     5    (light) injuries. Weather at the time was reported to be challenging, with snowstorm sweeping the village of Ask,     6    about 5,000 people inhabited.

Norway's King Harald said the landslide had made a deep impression on him. "My thoughts are with all those who are affected, injured or have lost their homes and those who now live in fear and uncertainty of     7     damage the disaster has caused,” he said in a statement released by the royal palace.

The area in which Ask     8    (locate) is known to have a lot of quick clay, which can change from solid to liquid from. Previous landslides have been reported in the region.

Helicopters continued to circle over the area as night fell     9     (lower) rescuers towards the debris of collapsed houses.

"There could be people trapped ... but at the same time we can't be sure       10     it is the new year’s holiday, which means people could be elsewhere,” Ema Solberg, the Norwegian Prime Minister, told reporters after visiting the site.

3 . 听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。
1.

A．Pink.

B．Green.

C．Purple.

D．White.

2.

A．Recycling is compulsory.

B．Most recycling programs don’t succeed in that people don’t want to deliver rubbish.

C．The primary work of the volunteers is to collect and sort rubbish to the same center.

D．The volunteers will devote six hours a week to dealing with rubbish.

3.

A．To explain why recycling is important.

B．To describe the recycling program.

C．To discuss whether or not recycling should be compulsory.

D．To tell people how to tell different sorts of rubbish cans apart.

4 . California Preps for Fire Season

WINDSOR, Calif—Grass and other vegetation have begun to cover the ash left behind when the largest blaze of the 2019 wildfire season burned the edge of this Northern California town about four months ago.

    1     Unlike in other dangerous California blazes, including 2018's Camp Fire that destroyed the town of Paradise, first responders were able to focus entirely on the firefight rather than last-minute rescues.

“It's not an accident that Windsor got saved,” Mayor Dominic Foppoli said. “We went through 2017. We watched it happen again in Paradise.”

    2     The state's wet winter months have become a critical time for officials and residents hoping to protect themselves from a fire season that starts earlier and ends later than ever Some are organizing mass-evacuation drills and hosting events to help businesses and residents design emergency plans.     3     In Northern California, the communities of Orinda, Moraga and Lafayette banded together to build a 19-mile fuel break meant to slow a disastrous blaze from spreading into neighborhoods from nearby hills.

Forecasters expect warmer and drier weather in California heading into spring, which could cause grasses to dry out and lead to an earlier than normal start to this year's fire season.    4    

"We have indicators that we're drying out already," said Scott McLean, a spokesman for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, or Cal Fire.

A．The season used to take off around June but has been starting earlier and earlier for the past few years.

B．With deadly and destructive wildfires burning every season, California communities are preparing for the worst.

C．Firefighters in the area were challenged by constantly shifting winds and narrow, winding roadways.

D．Windsor still stands because most of its residents grabbed pre-packed emergency go-bags and evacuated immediately when ordered

E．A few days later. Windsor officials stood roadside with signs to welcome residents back.

F．Many also are reconsidering building codes and emphasizing the need to create defensible spaces by limiting flammables around homes and businesses

5 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Population Change of European Birds

The breeding bird populations in Europe have seen a great shift over the past three decades, driven by both climate crisis and human interferences, according to one of the world’s largest citizen science projects on biodiversity.

Overall, 35% of birds increased their breeding range. Dr. Iván Ramírez, senior head of conservation at BirdLife Europe and central Asia, said: “Those birds that have been legally protected have been doing better than those which are not protected. This is a really important message within the European Union. We have one of the oldest policies – the Birds Directive – and we can prove that it works.”

In addition, as the climate warms, forests are stretching into northern and agricultural regions. In parts of northern Europe, there has also been tree planting (mainly for wood and paper) and land abandonment (specifically in Mediterranean areas), which benefited many woodland species such as woodpeckers and warblers but caused damage to a number of other species as well. The research shows a total of 25% of birds now occupy a smaller area.

Generally, farmland birds are bigger losers, suffering overall declines in population and reduced distribution because agricultural intensification means there is less food, such as insects and remainder from harvesting. The State of Nature in the EU 2013-2018 assessment showed 80% of key habitats were in poor or bad condition, and intensive farming is a major driver of decline. The UK’s farmland birds have declined by 55% since 1970.

“Predictably, there are winners and losers. We can see how some species have expanded across the continent rapidly and have begun to colonize UK wetlands. In contrast, we can see ranges shrinking as species of northern Europe feel the impact of climate change, and species such as the dotterel are declining in numbers and range in northern Britain,” he said.

6 . Elephants have four distinct personalities that help their herd survive in the African bush, scientists have found.

With their grey skin, mournful eyes and slow heavy pace, you could be forgiven for thinking elephants are uniformly blue creatures. But scientists have now discovered the largest living land animals have personalities to match their size. In a new study of African elephants, researchers have identified four distinct characters that are common in a herd -- the leaders, the gentle giants, the playful rogues and the reliable plodders.

Each of the types has developed to help the giant mammals survive in their harsh environment and is almost unique in the animal kingdom, according to the scientists. Professor Phyllis Lee and her colleague Cynthia Moss studied a herd of elephants in the Amboseli National Park in Kenya known as the EB family - famous for their matriarch Echo before she died in 2009. Using data collected over 38 years of watching this group, the researchers analyzed them for 26 types of behaviors and found four personality features tended to emerge.

The strongest personality to emerge was that of the leader. Unlike other animals, where leadership tends to be won by most dominant and aggressive individual, the elephants instead respected intelligence and problem solving in their leader. Echo, the matriarch and oldest in the group, her daughter Enid, and Ella, the second oldest female, all emerged as leaders.

The playful elephants tended to be younger but were more curious and active. Eudora, a 40-year-old female in the herd, seemed to be the most playful, consistently showing this trait through out her life while playfulness in some of the other elephants declined with age.

Gentle elephants, which included two 27-year-old females Eleanor and Eliot, caressed and rubbed against others more than the others.

Those that were reliable tended to be those that were most consistent at making good decisions, helped to care for infants in the herd and were calm when faced with threats. Echo and her youngest daughter Ebony seemed to be the most reliable. Professor Less said that elephants with these features tended to be the most socially integrated in the group while those who tended to be pushy and less reliable were more likely to split from the herd.

1. The reason why elephants have four distinct personalities is that ________.

A．scientists can distinguish them from each other more easily.

B．the four personalities can help them survived in Africa.

C．the elephants will be unique in the animals kingdom.

D．the elephants can avoid being caught by human beings.

2. From the passage we get to know that ________.

A．the researchers reached their conclusion by analyzing the data.

B．the research centered on the 26 types of behavior of the matriarch.

C．the scientists conducted the research by comparing elephants with other animals.

D．Professor Phyllis Lee and her colleague spent nearly 38 years tracking the herd.

3. In the EB family Echo and Eudora are ________.

A．mother and daughter	B．the two oldest female
C．the most gentle ones	D．leader and member

4. Which of the following is true about elephants according to the passage?

A．Not all the types can help the elephants survive in their environment.

B．Leadership tends to be won by the most dominant and aggressive elephant.

C．The playful elephants not only tended to by younger but also were more curious.

D．The reliable elephants are likely to rely on others to decide what to do.

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

A professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the 1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens’ home in England     1    (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This helped patients’ mental state more than the cruel therapies     2     (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientist have finally begun to find proof     3     contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and has been shown     4     (lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.

Scientists think that animal companionship is beneficial     5     animals are accepting and attentive, and they don’t criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.

Not only do people seem     6    (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year after heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips     7     doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind,     8    (result) in a favourable environment for everyone.

Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around with, with     9     company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve     10     in playing with animals and the presence of animals comforts them greatly.

8 . Scientists in Antarctica have recorded,for the first time,unusually warm water beneath a glacier (冰川)the size of Florida that is already melting and contributing to a rise in sea levels.

The researchers,working on the Thwaites Glacier,recorded water temperatures at the base of the ice of more than 2℃,above the normal freezing point.Critically,the measurements were taken at the glacier's grounding line,the area where it transforms from resting wholly on bedrock to spreading out on the sea as ice shelves.It is unclear how fast the glacier is getting worse:Studies have forecast its total collapse in a century or in a few decades.The presence of warm water in the grounding line may support estimates at the faster range.

That is worthy of attention because the Thwaites,along with the Pine Island Glacier and several smaller glaciers, acts as a brake on part of the much larger West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which , if melted, would raise the world's oceans by more than a meter over centuries,an amount that would put many coastal cities underwater.

“Warm waters in this part of the world,as remote as they may seem,should serve as a warning to all of us about the potential terrible changes to the planet brought about by climate change,” said David Holland, director of New York University's Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.

Glaciologists have previously raised alarm over the presence of warm water melting the Thwaites from below.This is the first time,though,that warm waters have been measured at the glacier's grounding line.

To observe activity beneath the glacier,Dr.Holland's team drilled a hole -about 30 centimeters wide and 600 meters deep-from the surface to the bottom and then placed equipment that measures water temperature and ocean turbulence,or the mixing of freshwater from the glacier and salty ocean water.Collecting the data took about 96 hours in subzero weather.Warm waters beneath the Thwaites are actively melting it, the team found.

While scientists may not yet be able to definitively predict how soon glaciers like the Thwaites will melt, human-caused climate change is a key factor.The biggest predictor of “how much ice we will lose and how quickly we will lose it,”Dr.Holland said,”is human action.”

1. What does warm water found in the glacier's grounding line indicate?

A．Sea levels should be remeasured.

B．It may take a century for the glacier to melt.

C．The grounding line is getting shorter.

D．The glacier might disappear sooner

2. The Thwaites and other glaciers are important because ______.

A．they hold back ice

B．they are extremely large

C．they are located at bedrocks

D．they are collapsing

3. What can be inferred from the passage about the researchers’ viewpoints?

A．We can predict how much ice can be kept.

B．Human beings are to blame for the loss of ice.

C．Glaciers serve a more important purpose than expected.

D．More data needs to be collected to support the estimates.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The efforts made to avoid the presence of warm water.

B．The alarm voiced on the worsening situation of glaciers.

C．The tools employed to measure the temperature of Antarctica.

D．The prediction based on a scientific study of the grounding line.

9 . One spring day. once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋)and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me.

A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, she'll fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50.000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4.000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.

The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally—I never go bad.

Unfortunately, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit. I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild. My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping the bees, who give so much—to you, to me—without ever asking for anything in return.

1. What does "me" refer to in the passage?

A．The flower.	B．The bee.
C．Water.	D．Honey.

2. What is the 2nd paragraph mainly about?

A．Bees' special talent.	B．Bees’ hard work.
C．Bees' living environment.	D．Bees' social behavior.

3. Which one of the following is true according to the passage?

A．A bee will always prioritize attacking picnic lovers.

B．Before "me" is sealed off in beeswax, the drying process can take a few nights.

C．The lifework of a bee satisfies the average demand of an American consumer annually.

D．Bees are more likely to visit those deliberately pest-controlled gardens.

4. What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To appeal for help for honeybees.

B．To talk about the history of a treasure.

C．To put forward techniques for gardeners.

D．To argue against the control of chemicals.

10 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Plants Scream in the Face of Stress

For the first time, researchers appear to have evidence that like animals, those plants deprived of water or     1     (force) to endure bodily harm can let out their pain. The study,     2     has yet to be published in a scientific Journal, adds another dimension to scientists     3     (grow) understanding of how plants detect and interact with their surroundings.

In recent years, it has become very clear that plants are more sensitive than researchers     4     (think). They respond when touched by insects and turn toward sources of light. "Plants are not just robotic stimulus-response devices," said Frantisek Baluska of the University of Bonn in Germany. "They're living organisms which have their own problems/'

Actually making their suffering hearable, however, is another matter entirely.     5     (test) that possibility, a team led by Itzhak Khait, a plant scientist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, placed microphones capable of detecting ultrasonic frequencies (超声波频率)four inches from tomato and tobacco plants. The researcher then either stopped watering them or cut their stems.

Measuring in the range of 20 to 150 kilohertz (千赫).the researchers found that even happy, healthy plants made the occasional noise. But when cut, tobacco plants emitted     6     average of 15 sounds within an hour of being cut     7     tomato plants produced 25 sounds.

    8     researchers aren't yet sure how plants produce these sounds, Khait and his colleagues proposed one possibility in their paper     9     as water travels through the plants' tubes, air bubbles will form and explode, producing small vibrations.

All this "screaming” caused by stress wasn't in a range detectable by human ears. But organisms that can hear ultrasonic frequencies—like mice, bats or perhaps other plants—    10     possibly hear the plants cries from as far away as 15 feet.