1 . Cities have been described as essential to climate change solutions, but they can also raise the kinds of ecologists that will bring us into a more comprehensive biological future.

As a black wildlife biologist from Philadelphia, I stood out among my coworkers. My presence in ecology has challenged assumptions about not only what a biologist looks like, but also where a biologist comes from. In the U.S., ecology was and is mainly white and conducted in rural landscapes, but I had no history of camping, fishing, hunting or hiking. I had yet to recognize that Philadelphia, with its four seasons and richness of squirrels (松鼠), row homes and festivals, was actually my first ecological classroom. There I witnessed wild cats eating birds and rats, people shooting bats from their homes and snakes being killed by lawn mowers (割草机). This is as much ecology in action as anything we witness in fields and forests.

Urban wild animals exhibit many features and behaviors that set them apart from their rural twins: they may be bigger, eat more diverse food sources, are active at different times of the day, move differently and have different personalities. Some biologists argue they are even “smarter”. Besides, urban wildlife balances more risks—such as road chemical poisons and diseases from domestic animals—with rewards. Some of those rewards come from humans providing food and some from the distribution of our parks and water bodies.

In our professional lives as biologists, living with such wild animals can make us more tolerant of species diversity, which can benefit the natural world. Nature is no longer only primitive wilderness but includes sounds of human laughter and garbage trucks. We expect more biologists from urban settings because urban environments naturally train keen observers who are the future of ecology.

1. Which makes the author stand out among his coworkers?

A．His nationality.	B．His city background.
C．His interest in outdoor activities.	D．His love for animals.

2. What does the underlined “they” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Urban wild animals.	B．Rural animals.
C．Domestic animals.	D．Wildlife biologists.

3. What do we know about urban wild animals?

A．They have trouble in getting food.	B．They enjoy safer living conditions.
C．They do better in fighting diseases.	D．They are more adaptable to environment.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Urban Wild Animals Survive.	B．Benefits of City Conservation.
C．Cities Build Better Biologists.	D．A Black Biologist from Philadelphia.

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What was the weather like in the town in the past week?

A．Hot and dry.

B．Cool and dry.

C．Hot and wet.

2. What trouble did beetles(甲虫)cause?

A．They ran into people.

B．They bit people.

C．They attacked animals.

3. What made adult beetles flood into the town?

A．The food waste.

B．The streetlights.

C．The warm sunlight.

4. How did the locals’ fight against beetles turn out?

A．Successful.

B．Worrying.

C．Unpleasant.

3 . Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗)aboard the Tiangong space station and this experiment may offer key insights into how astronauts can grow food to support long—term space missions, experts said on Monday. This experiment is the first to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a mature plant producing new seeds.

The breakthrough was conducted in the Wentian space laboratory, which was launched into orbit on July 24, 2022. Three astronauts were conducting the experiment smoothly and testing the plants according to the plan.

“The rice seedlings are growing very well,” said Zheng Huiqiong, a researcher of the task, adding that the experiment also contained seedlings of a small flowering plant often used by scientists to study mutations(变异). “The astronauts will keep monitoring the plants, and if it is successful, they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies,” she noted

The flowering stage is crucial for plant reproductive development. “We want to investigate how microgravity can affect the plant flowering time and whether it is possible to use the microgravity environment to control the related process,” she said.

Since the 1980s, China has been taking seeds of rice and other crops to space to help them mutate and produce higher yields once they were planted on Earth. But growing rice in orbit is a different challenge due to the tough conditions of space such as microgravity and lack of air.   

Rice has been a main food for astronauts since the early days of space exploration. Freeze—dried chicken and rice was the menu for the Apollo 11 mission, which carried the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969.

“But if we want to land on and explore Mars, bringing food from Earth is not enough to provide for the astronauts’ long journey and mission in space. We have to find a food source for long term space explorations,” Zheng added.

1. What’s the significance of Chinese recent space rice experiment?

A．It enables human beings to move to another planet.

B．It helps people get a better idea of the human life cycle.

C．It inspires more other countries to do space explorations

D．It makes it possible to carry out long—term space missions

2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The mutation.

B．The experiment.

C．The exploration.

D．The space mission.

3. Why have crop seeds been brought to space since the last century?

A．To promote genetic changes and increase crop harvest.

B．To figure out how to create an earth—like environment.

C．To study the impact of microgravity on crop growth.

D．To develop new crop species with strong ability to adapt.

4. Where is the text most probably from?

A．A medical report.	B．A fashion magazine.
C．A science newspaper.	D．A history book.

4 . Chinese scientists are mounting efforts to establish a weather monitoring station at an altitude of 8,800 meters on Mount Qomolangma, the world’s highest peak, on the China-Nepal border.

If the station is established successfully, it will replace the one at an altitude of 8,430 meters set up by UK and US scientists on the south side of the mountain in 2019, to be the world’s highest of its kind, according to the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).

Equipment weighing some 50 kg will be dismantled and distributed to mountaineers, each of whom will carry no more than 7 kg up onto the mountain for the establishment, said Zhao Huabiao, a researcher with the ITP.

Currently, the engineers in charge of establishing the station are still waiting for the perfect weather for mountaineering.

Including the highest, eight elevation gradient (高程梯度) weather stations will be set up on Mount Qomolangma, one of the main tasks in China’s new comprehensive scientific expedition on the world’s highest peak at the height of 8,848.86 meters.

Three meteorological (气象的) stations were established at sea levels of 7,028 meters, 7,790 meters and 8,300 meters, respectively, earlier this year on the north side of the mountain, bringing the total number of operational weather stations between the altitudes between 5,200 meters and 8,300 meters to seven. Last year, four stations at sea levels of 6,500 meters, 5,800 meters, 5,400 meters and 5,200 meters were set up.

The eight stations will collect the wind speed and wind direction data, as well as relative humidity (湿度) on the north side of Qomolangma, and the elevation gradient weather station system is of great significance for monitoring the melting glaciers (冰川) and mountain snow at the high altitudes, said Zhao.

The expedition team will also set up glacier radar and measure the thickness of snow and ice at the summit of the mountain, he said.

1. What do we know about the new weather monitoring station?

A．It will collect weather data on the south side of Qomolangma.

B．It will become the highest of its kind at an altitude of 8,800 meters.

C．It will make great contributions to the scientific research on Qomolangma.

D．It will be the only weather station set up above the altitude of 8,000 meters.

2. What does the underlined word “dismantled ” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Taken apart.

B．Taken over.

C．Set down.

D．Set aside.

3. How many weather monitoring stations has China set up on Mount Qomolangma?

A．6.

B．7.

C．8.

D．9.

4. Which of the following data can NOT be collected by the weather station?

A．Wind speed.	B．Wind direction.
C．Relative humidity.	D．The thickness of snow.

5 . 阅读下而短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A talented dog was captured (拍摄) on camera stopping a young boy from potentially drowning, and then saved the boy a     1     (two) time by impressively fishing a lost toy with a net.

This is the adorable moment a smart dog saved the boy twice, after it stopped a little boy from falling into a pond and     2     (fish) out his lost toy with a net. The clever dog sensed danger and took full control of the moment,     3     (force) the child backwards. Then the dog showed off its surprising talent     4     fishing.

At the beginning of the video, the dog is sitting     5     (peaceful) in the garden, watching two young children throw a ball to each other. The older girl accidentally launches the ball too far. It lands in the fish pond, and floats on the water. While she runs off to ask her mother for help, the boy rushes over to the pond and attempts to fish the ball out     6     (he). Noticing that the boy is about to fall into the pond, the dog is quick     7     (react). It grabs the bottom of the boy’s trousers with its     8     (tooth) and pulls him back to safety. The dog picks up the family’s fishing net,     9     is on the side of the pond, using its mouth to direct the net underneath the ball. After just a few seconds, the dog successfully gets the ball out of the water     10     puts it onto the floor.

6 . These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action. The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.

The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what’s going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird.

Sure, there’s plenty of satellite footage already out there, but drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. In 2013, for example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a drone into the Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica to gather data about its emissions. The temperature, ash height and gas concentration information collected during the mission helped earth scientists determine which way the volcanic and potentially poisonous gas erupting from the volcano was moving and take steps to limit its environmental impact.

Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. They use drones equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras to sweep into places that they may otherwise not be able to reach to monitor and collect data on the melting ice. The same flying machines may also eventually be used to transport other data collection tools into the wild.

1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?

A．By giving examples.	B．By listing data.
C．By drawing a distinction.	D．By making assumptions.

2. What mainly makes drones used to better watch nature?

A．The high safety.

B．The huge space.

C．The recovery capability after damage.

D．The ability to collect data at a high altitude.

3. What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about drones?

A．Their production steps.

B．Their practical functions.

C．Their potential impacts on the atmosphere.

D．Their data set for motoring the environment.

4. Which is a suitable title for the text?

A．Drones: Poisonous	B．Drones: Eco-friendly
C．Drones: Limited	D．Drones: Adaptable

7 . Many poor children in Africa struggle on tuition for an education. However, a new school has been asking their pupils to pay for classes with _________.

Every week, students _________ the Akshar School are required to line up and “pay” for their classes using grocery bags _________ at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they _________ from around their homes and communities.

Parmita and Mazin, the couple _________ for the new school, were _________ to launch the campaign after witnessing their students being forced to _________ the acrid smell of burning plastic. That’s _________ before the school was opened in 2016, local families and communities _________ burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires.

Now, the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school’s own recycling center. The school __________ the trash into Ecobricks by compressing (压缩) about 40 pieces of garbage into a(n) __________ plastic bottle.

Furthermore, the school’s older students can work part-time at the center as an additional source of __________.

Now the school owns over 100 students __________ the ages of 4 and 15. Since the school’s __________ curriculum has attracted more and more __________ to enroll, the couple plan on opening another 100 schools over the next five years.

1.

A．working hours

B．farm products

C．plastic waste

D．burned trash

2.

A．leaving

B．attending

C．finishing

D．damaging

3.

A．taking in

B．spreading out

C．attached to

D．filled with

4.

A．collected

B．borrowed

C．explored

D．counted

5.

A．anxious

B．grateful

C．responsible

D．qualified

6.

A．changed

B．inspired

C．prohibited

D．recommended

7.

A．stand

B．enjoy

C．observe

D．control

8.

A．as if

B．although

C．because

D．in case

9.

A．consequently

B．obviously

C．eventually

D．commonly

10.

A．buries

B．removes

C．throws

D．recycles

11.

A．single

B．straight

C．large

D．twisted

12.

A．income

B．credits

C．scores

D．trash

13.

A．of

B．at

C．between

D．from

14.

A．efficient

B．creative

C．skillful

D．respected

15.

A．teachers

B．beggars

C．partners

D．students

8 . A 2020 study in the journal Science concluded that marine heat waves have increased more than 20-fold as a result of climate warming. The authors found that in the first decade after satellites began recording ocean temperatures (i.e., after 1981), there were 27 large marine heat waves, with an average duration of 32 days and an average peak temperature anomaly of 8.5°F; in the 2010s, there were 172, which lasted 48 days on average with an average peak temperature almost 10°F above normal.

Much remains unclear about marine heat waves. For example, explains Nicholas Bond, research scientist at the University of Washington and Washington’s state climatologist, there is the question of why so many persist for weeks or months. “There must be something else going on that helps maintain them,” he says. He notes that one explanation is that as the ocean surface warms, it radiates heat into the atmosphere that prevents cloud cover from forming, exposing the seawater to increased sunlight and further warming.

However, enough is known about marine heat waves for scientists to be gravely concerned about their potential impacts. Of special note is the fact that those impacts can last long after the heat waves have disappeared. After three years of the Blob, the waters of the northeastern Pacific began to cool in 2016; but years later, scientists are still determining the extent to which the region’s ecosystem is likely to return fully to its pre-Blob status. Similarly, notes Scannell, who is a data scientist with Jupiter Intelligence, Inc., following the 2010-11 Western Australia event, “lots of kelp(巨藻) forests died, and it takes literally decades for those ecosystems to bounce back”.

Eric Oliver, a scientist from Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada, expressed his own opinion about the potential impact of the heat waves in tropical waters. “I think that’s really a tough issue,” he says. Life in the tropics, he notes, is adapted to “quite a narrow range of temperatures. So that’s where things can get really messy. We can have complete shifts in tropical systems.”

1. What can we infer from the figures listed in para. 1?

A．The problem of marine heat waves is becoming worse.

B．The satellites enable scientists to record ocean temperature precisely.

C．Climate change is the main cause of the marine heat waves.

D．Marine heat waves have been found by scientists for about 30 years.

2. What does the 2nd paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Various factors that lead to marine heat waves.

B．The possible impacts of a warm ocean surface.

C．The possible reason why marine heat waves last long.

D．Scientists’ efforts in exploring the causes of heat waves.

3. What do we know about the impact of the marine heat waves?

A．The impact will disappear shortly after the sea water cools.

B．It takes long before the ecosystem makes a complete recovery.

C．Scientists have known enough to restore the impact.

D．The northeastern Pacific and Western Australia are the worst cases.

4. What is Eric Oliver’s attitude towards the heat waves in tropic waters?

A．Concerned.

B．Indifferent.

C．Doubtful.

D．Optimistic.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Which country is believed to consume the most tea per person?

A．Turkey.

B．The Republic of Ireland.

C．The UK.

2. What did scientists from McGill University find?

A．Tea bags are hard to recycle.

B．Tea bags can be used to help plants grow.

C．Some tea bags do harm to people’s health.

3. What is Mike Armitage?

A．A scientist.

B．A gardener.

C．A businessman.

4. What does the speaker suggest people do in the end?

A．Drink coffee instead of using tea bags.

B．Choose good quality tea bags.

C．Learn to make their own tea bags.

10 . 阅读下面材料，填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last night at 8:30 pm, I was doing my homework     1     I heard a strange voice outside. Out of     2     (curious), I went to figure     3     what was happening.

It was     4     little bird that wanted to look for food.     5     (unfortunate), he was injured by the fence surrounding by yard. I went close to him and checked     6    (he) injury carefully. He had trouble     7     (fly) away because of the injury. I treated the bird and     8     (give) him enough food and water. I was too happy     9     (watch) him enjoying his dinner. It was obvious that the bird looked     10     (good) after dinner than before.