1 . Recycling plastic has always been a stop-start effort, and the wide variety of plastics we produce, the pollution from waste, and other limitations make recycling an economic(经济) problem. It’s estimated(估计)only 9% of plastic ever created has been recycled. But with the help of a chemical process, Canadian Miranda Wang and her company BioCellection want to change that.

Stability is one of plastic greatest qualities and downside. There's limited evidence that some plastics can biodegrade (生物降解)but largely photo-plastics degrade in the sun. It’s a long process, and the truth is that we can only estimate how long it takes. Wang is looking to break the inaction and BioCellection's task is to make most plastic waste recyclable.

She outlines two current methods. One is to take plastics like water bottles, wash them, cut them, melt and reconstitute them. “That's a very limited process” she says, due to the requirement that plastics be “clean” . The other, which can handle dirtier plastics and a level of pollution, is called hydrolysis(热解). Intense heat is applied to break down plastics so they can be reused as oils for energy, but “it’s not economical,’’ she says.

BioCellection’s solution builds on research from over ten years ago, Wang explains, when a US study discovered pure polyethylene powder (聚乙烯粉)could be broken down by a catalyst (催化剂). Wang and her co-founder Jean hit upon a bacterium being able to eat plastic. In the years since, they engineered a comparable catalyst capable of doing the same job, only faster, which even works on plastics no one else can recycle at present. “We have now found a catalyst that is much cheaper than the one that was used before, Wang says.

Currently focusing on plastic films like shopping hags, the three-hour process breaks clown plastic into chemicals that can act as the building blocks for more complex plastic products.

“Right now we’re able to achieve about 70% transformation from plastic waste material to these chemicals,” she adds, saying they’re working to increase that figure.

1. Why has so little plastic been recycled?

A．Plastic is chemically stable.	B．Recycling plastic led to pollution.
C．We produced various plastics.	D．Most photo-plastics degrade in the sun.

2. What does Wang think of the two current methods?

A．Highly effective and dynamic.	B．Expensive and pollution-causing.
C．Limited and energy-consuming.	D．Widely used and recognized.

3. What did BioCellection find effective to recycle plastics?

A．Polyethylene powder.	B．Chemical products.
C．Plastic films.	D．A catalyst.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Miranda Wang and her company.	B．A new plastic recycling method.
C．The greatest downside of plastic.	D．Transformation of plastic waste.

2 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been soaring to unheard-of levels.

This is causing polar ice to melt(融化) ,sea level     1    (rise) and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather     2    (event)，such as hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts and floods. These climate changes would likely present challenge to our society and environment. It is now a global concern     3     the climate changes occurring today have been severer because of man's activities.

    4    (trouble) by the serious situation, world leaders came together for talks, which were seen    5    a make-or-break situation for the United Nations climate talks.

The climate talks     6    (lead) to about 200 hundred countries reaching an agreement that would, for     7    first time, commit nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions(释放)to address global climate change. That was     8    (certain)an encouraging step forward for our earth and mankind.

As the world leaders continue to commit    9    (they) to monitoring our "sick”planet. we need to continue to take small steps to "heal(治愈)the world. We are left with not much of a    10     (choose).If only we could just pack our bags and move to Mars!

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are     1     （disappear）.

Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting locations to stop, rest and feed.

The scientists studied the migration, or flight, paths, of almost 1,500 species. They decided that 91 percent of them passed through     2     （danger）areas.

An ornithologist     3     （catch）a swan near the Minsk, Belarus, on January 23, 2018, to ring the bird for     4     （it）future identification.

The major danger for migratory birds is development. Building and paving has covered over nature     5     birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another.

One of the scientists who worked on the study says, "Many of these critical sites have been lost to land     6     （develop）owing to urban, industrial and agricultural expansion."

The problem, according to investigators, is that many of these small birds die along their migration because they don't have a safe place to eat and rest. There is no place     7     （restore）their energy for the next leg of their journey.

The researchers say     8     （country）need to work together and come up     9     safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. They also say small changes could make     10     big difference.

4 . Climate change is changing the migration routes of animals worldwide. Take the mule deer for example. Every spring in Wyoming, green-up first appears at lower altitudes before progressing up the mountainside. Migrating mule deer follow and seek food on this green wave. But as a changing climate leads to more frequent and more severe droughts, the greenery is not as abundant as it used to be.

Ellen Aikens, a researcher from the University of Wyoming, tracked mule deer as they surfed the green wave. In comparison to wet years, the green-up lasted across the landscape for about half as long in drought years and was also fragmented. Although the deer were able to keep up with the faster green wave, the nutritional value was lower, leaving the animals less prepared for the challenges of the year ahead.

Meanwhile in Europe, the population of Bewick’s swans that spend the winter in the Netherlands is declining. But when researchers looked at the data more closely, they found an increase in the wintering population of swans in Germany. It turns out that since the 1970s, the swans’ wintering habitat has shifted an average of 13 kilometers to the east each year.

“The swans like to spend time where it’s 5℃. And the temperature line has shifted in the same rate as the swans shifted eastward,” said Rascha Nuijten, an ecologist at the Netherlands Institute of Ecology.

These findings are important to our understanding of the conservation of migrant animals. When it comes to protecting a certain species, it’s not just about the current situation. Nature is dynamic. And the species that is present now might not be present in 10 years, not because we didn’t protect it but because maybe it is dynamic in its way. We need to include the dynamics of nature into our legislation and management.

1. What’s the challenge the mule deer face?

A．Wet years.	B．Low altitudes.
C．Fast green wave.	D．Lack of quality food.

2. What do we know about Bewick’s swans from Paragraph 3?

A．They are endangered.

B．They used to spend winter in Germany.

C．They move their wintering habitats eastward.

D．Germany has more of them than the Netherlands.

3. What does Rascha Nuijten intend to tell us?

A．Its warmer in the east.

B．The 5℃ line shifts at a fast rate.

C．The swans move with the temperature line.

D．Climate change affects the swans’ feeding habits.

4. What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce two research findings.

B．To appeal to protect animals in a dynamic way.

C．To discuss methods of fighting climate change.

D．To explain why animals change their migration routes.

5 . 24 Solar Terms: some things about Start of Autumn

The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Start of Autumn, (Chinese:立秋), the 13th solar term of the year, indicates the end of summer and the beginning of autumn.     1     In China, the 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But solar term culture is still useful today to guide people’s lives through special foods, cultural ceremonies and even healthy living tips that correspond with each term. The following are some things you should know about Start of Autumn.

    2    

Although Start of Autumn represents the beginning of autumn, hot weather will not come to an end. The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually lasting for 30 days, is called “Autumn Tiger” or “Indian Summer.”

Gathering crops

    3     It is time to gather crops. There is a saying: “If it rains on the day of the Start of Autumn, a good harvest is expected.”

Eating peaches

In Hangzhou, people eat peaches on this occasion. The peach stones are kept until New Year’s Eve and thrown into the stove, burned into ash.     4    

‘Touching Autumn’

There is the custom of “Touching Autumn” in the northern part of Yancheng, Jiangsu province. On the eve of Start of Autumn, people can touch and take for free all kinds of fruits as they like in private or public gardens.     5     Many gardeners even leave some ripe fruits in the field on purpose for the guests during the night.

A．‘Autumn Tiger’

B．Fleshing out in autumn

C．The fruitful season is coming.

D．Start of Autumn is a big solar term for farmers.

E．The owners will not be angry, no matter how much they lose.

F．On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh themselves.

G．People believed that in this way, bad things could be prevented for the whole year.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Karachi,Pakistan,is one of the hottest cities on Earth. In June 2015, more than 1,000 people died there during a heat wave (热浪期). “It was a terrible time,” Shahzad Qureshi said, “we needed     1     (do) something about it.”

Following that heat wave, Qureshi started a group     2     (call) Urban Forest. It plants native trees in cities in Pakistan.

Trees help cool the air by providing shade (荫）and giving out moisture (湿气）through     3     (they) leaves. This is especially     4     (help) in cities where roads and buildings hold in the heat.

For its first project, Urban Forest planted about 1,300 trees in a park in Karachi. The group uses a special method     5     is useful for the growth of the trees. In three years, the trees grew to be 30 feet tall.

Since 2015, Qureshi and his team     6     (plant) 14 urban forests in Pakistan, 12 of which are in Karachi. In addition to     7     (cool) the air ,the trees provide a habitat (栖息地）for birds and insects.

In2017, Qureshi helped plant an urban forest at Karachi Grammar School. He met with students to teach them     8     how trees help the environment. Then the students helped plant trees in the schoolyard. The trees attract     9     number of birds and butterflies.Students to outside during science class to study the forest. “It’s like a library of native trees in front of the kids all the time,” Qureshi says. “It’s a     10     (true) beautiful thing to see.

7 . Dogs are great companions for people. However, there is a wide variety to choose from.     1    Read the following tips to help you find the right dog.

·Be aware of your housemates.

You’ll first want to think about the people and creatures that you live with. If you have a roommate or family member who is allergic to dogs, doesn’t like them, or simply doesn’t want one, this problem will need to be resolved. Similarly, if you have other pets that are not compatible(和谐共存的)with dogs, you will want to reconsider.     2    

    3    Once you’ve decided that it is possible for you to get a dog, you will need to decide what size of dog is best for you. With a small amount of space, you won’t want to get a very large dog. Many apartments have a limit on dog size, even if they allow dogs.

·Think about the amount of time you have.     4    Because if you don’t have enough time to give him long walks, then you’ll have problems with training.

·Consider your lifestyle. You will also need to think about your life and how a dog will fit into it. A large dog will absolutely require walks to keep healthy and mentally alert, especially if you don’t have a large space for them to run around in.

    5    If you are constantly traveling or working, and spending little time at home, you probably won’t have the necessary time to devote to an animal.

A．Decide the best size.

B．Choose an appropriate age.

C．You may find that it is not possible for you to get a dog.

D．You will also have better access to the dog’s medical history.

E．Different dogs will fit some lifestyles and people better than others.

F．Getting a dog that needs lots of exercise when you work a lot is bad.

G．Most dogs are very social and require a great deal of attention and love.

8 . Some Chinese students born in the 1990’s created a microsatellite that took a stunning picture of the moon and the Earth in space, an image praised as one of the best of the two celestial bodies and one that Science magazine also used on Feb.15, 2019.

The photograph was done by the camera on Longjiang 2, a microsatellite developed by students at the Harbin Institute of Technology in Northeast China's Heilongjiang province.

Before its publication in the leading scientific journal, the picture had been widely circulated on mainstream media worldwide, with some foreign media outlets even praising it as one of the best photos of the moon and the earth so far.

Wei Mingchuan, born in 1991, was the chief designer responsible for the sub-system of Longjiang 2, a microsatellite launched last year together with Queqiao, the relay satellite for the Chang'e 4 lunar probe. Wei successfully developed LilacSat 1 -- the country's first microsatellite independently designed, developed and controlled by students -- and has been dubbed China's "youngest chief designer", despite being the oldest in his team.

Tai Mier, one of Wei's team members who was born in 1996, designed the camera on Longjiang 2 that captured the amazing picture of the moon and the Earth. Tai was only 20 years old when work on the project began.

The youngest member in the team is 20-year-old Huang Jiahe, who handled software design for the Longjiang 2 ground station. Beginning in primary school, Huang would buy all kinds of electronic components and parts. At first, he just simply disassembled and assembled the parts, but now he can design and create things. This young man, considered a genius by some, said that he is just curious and passionate about aerospace technology.

In their dormitory, aerospace-related items are everywhere. A postcard on the wall is printed with the words "we were born for our dreams", a reminder that the future has just begun for this youngest team of the Chang'e 4 mission.

1. What does the underlined word “dub” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．describe	B．nickname
C．transform	D．announce

2. When did the design work of the camera on Longjiang2 begin?

A．2019	B．2018
C．2017	D．2016

3. Which of the following statements is True?

A．The photograph had been known before Science issued it.

B．Wei Mingchuan is the youngest chief designer in the team.

C．The photo of the moon and the Earth was viewed as the best one.

D．Queqiao was launched with the Chang’e 4 lunar probe .

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The best photograph was issued in the latest Science magazine.

B．The designers of the Longjiang2 are the youngest team.

C．An amazing picture was captured by a microsatellite made by Chinese students.

D．Longjiang2 was created by some Chinese students born in the 1990s.

9 . Belgium is a destination that appeals to travelers who want to enjoy the good life and the friendliness of Belgians.

Heart of Europe

The Kingdom of Belgium is in the northwest of Europe. However, the country has long been regarded as the heart of Europe, which serves as the capital of the European Union. As a result, more than 1,400 international organizations and companies set up their headquarters there.

Cartoon kingdom

Belgium is truly a “cartoon kingdom”. It is said one in every three cartoonists in the world is Belgian. Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is just like a castle in a fairy tale. Cartoon bookstores, cartoon museums, and cartoon gift shops can be seen almost everywhere.

Chocolates

Belgians love chocolates. The average annual consumption of chocolates per person is 6.8kg. The fragrant and creamy chocolates made in Belgium have seized so many people’s hearts with their unique flavors. If you don’t know what brands to choose, maybe the ones specially made for royal families are a good choice.

Delicacies

Belgian people are as good at cooking as they are at making beers. No wonder that Belgian food is as good as French food. Brussels alone has more than 2,000 restaurants, providing all kinds of delicacies from every part of Belgium.

1. Why do so many international companies set up their headquarters in Brussels?

A．Because it is a cartoon kingdom.	B．Because it is the heart of Europe.
C．Because it is the capital of Belgium.	D．Because it is in the northwest of Europe.

2. What can we learn about Belgium?

A．It serves food in French flavor.	B．Most cartoonists are from Belgium.
C．Belgians are famous for making beers.	D．Royal families consume 6.8kg of chocolates annually.

3. What’s the writing purpose of this text?

A．To advertise Belgium as a travel destination.	B．To make known the importance of Brussels.
C．To compare Belgian food with French food.	D．To introduce living conditions in Belgium.

10 . The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.

These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.

WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.

The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.

Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.

But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.

1. What does the indoor pollution mainly result from?

A．Poisonous fuels.

B．High technology.

C．Space heaters.

D．Solar energy.

2. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?

A．By showing differences.	B．By describing a process.
C．By making a list.	D．By analyzing data.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Indoor pollution results in some deaths.

B．Most of the deaths are in developing countries.

C．The solid fuels are used in more effective ways.

D．There is no indoor pollution in developed countries.

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．LPG cooks are being tested out.	B．Alcohol stoves are widely used now.
C．Electric induction stoves are expensive.	D．Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa.