1 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How long did Mike work on his school paper?

A．3 hours.

B．2 hours.

C．1 hour.

2. What happened to the baby elephant?

A．It got injured.

B．It became trapped.

C．It was lost.

3. What did the witness do for the baby elephant?

A．He fed it.

B．He saved it by himself.

C．He called for help.

4. What is the woman’s attitude toward breaking the wall?

A．Opposed.

B．Supportive.

C．Indifferent.

2 . Have you ever observed how a family runs smoothly? It’s the balance that plays a role in a family. But a family where there is too much chaos (混乱), argument, and one-sided communication has no balance. As a result, such a chaotic family suffers consequences like divorced parents, distances between children.

In the same way, nature needs balance, harmony and protection. You are already aware of the phrase — too much of everything is bad. That’s why the sensibility to bring balance in nature is every human’s responsibility.

The community of living species interacts with the environment’s non-living components in a healthy ecosystem. Rainfall, temperature, sunlight, soil, and water chemistry are the main examples of abiotic (无生命的) aspects of ecosystems that need to be in a stable manner.

       To survive, plants need a certain combination of temperature, moisture, and soil chemistry. Protecting plants is also important because it provides food for the animals. 

What you see above are the natural phenomena that have been happening since the beginning of the universe. That’s how nature has been functioning. But indulgent human activities in using natural resources has created poor habitation in the natural environment. In fact, here are the human actions that have broken the balance in nature for so many years now.

      People cut down trees to make space for new companies owing to an increase in population, which has decreased the amount of oxygen in the air. Global warming has resulted in the melting of the ice caps, leading to rising sea levels and other natural disasters like cyclones and tsunamis. As a result of habitat loss, it is getting harder for species to survive.  

To bring the Earth to its original form is impossible. But there is always a potential for bringing awareness. Hence, if the above human activities are lessened or changed with recycling activities, the next generation can still live a healthy life.

1. Why is a chaotic family mentioned in paragraph 1?

A．To bring up a new topic.

B．To come to a conclusion.

C．To complain about family chaos.

D．To admire the balance of a family.

2. How do we keep the balance of nature?

A．Limit human activities to the fullest.

B．Control a certain amount of everything.

C．Don’t cut down trees for new companies.

D．Don’t use energy for economic development.

3. Which does the underlined word “indulgent” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Responsible.

B．Controlled.

C．Romantic.

D．Unlimited.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of the Earth?

A．Worried.

B．Doubtful.

C．Confident.

D．Uncertain.

4 . Sustainability was a hot topic at the Paris Air Show, the world’s largest event for the aviation industry, which faces increasing pressure to reduce the climate-changing greenhouse gases that aircraft emit. Even the massive orders at the show got an emission-reduction perspective: Airlines and producers said the new planes would be more fuel-efficient than the ones they replaced. However, most of those planes will burn conventional kerosene-based jet fuel.

Some companies are working on electric-powered aircraft, which are seen as a way to reduce the environmental effects of the aviation industry, providing zero emissions and quieter flights. However, they are still some way off from widespread commercial use. That means sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has become the industry’s best hope of achieving its promise of net zero emissions by 2050. SAF, however, accounts for just 0.1% of all jet fuel. Made from sources like used cooking oil and plant waste, SAF can be mixed with conventional jet fuel but costs much more.

With such a limited supply of SAF, critics say airlines are making overly ambitious promises and exaggerating how quickly they can ramp up the use of SAF. The industry even has skeptics: Nearly one-third of aviation sustainability officers in a GE Aerospace survey doubt whether the industry will hit its net zero goal by 2050.

Across the Atlantic, a consumer group called BEUC filed a complaint against the European Union’s executive arm, accusing 17 airlines of greenwashing. The group says airlines are misleading consumers and breaking rules on commercial practices by encouraging customers to pay extra to help finance the development of SAF and offset future carbon emissions created by flying. In one case, the group’s researchers found Air France charging up to 138 euros for the green option.

“SAF is indeed the biggest technological potential to decarbonize the aviation sector, but the main problem is that it isn’t available. We know that before the end of the next decade — at least — it won’t be available in massive quantities,” said Dimitri Vergnc, a senior policy officer at BEUC.

1. What did airlines and producers emphasize at the Paris Air Show?

A．Ways of reducing fuel consumption.

B．Improvement in planes’ safety performance.

C．Environmental friendliness of their new planes.

D．Efficiency of conventional kerosene-based jet fuel.

2. Why does the author mention electric-powered aircraft?

A．To stress the necessity of developing SAF.

B．To highlight the future of the aviation industry.

C．To show efforts made to achieve net zero emissions.

D．To explain their advantages over traditional aircraft.

3. What does the underlined part “ramp up” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Stop.

B．Limit.

C．Balance.

D．Increase.

4. Where does the text most probably come from?

A．An airline ad.

B．A study result.

C．A news report.

D．A science paper.

6 . Clean water might not grow on trees, but the trees might do the next best thing—provide a cheap and easy way of filtering (过滤) it.

Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have been able to use wood from tree branches to filter water both in the laboratory and in the field. Compared to other water filters, the new way of filtering water gets an edge. This could provide an inexpensive and low-tech alternative to costly methods of getting clean water in places that need it the most.

In a new study, researchers show that the natural structure of wood from non-flowering plants like pine provides enough filtration to remove bacteria from water. This method was already proven to work in a lab in 2014, but now the researchers have found, through interviews with potential users and tests of local water sources, that the tree-based purification system works just as well in the field in India and that the locals are willing to use it.

The branches of non-flowering plants are built of thin, straw-like tubes called x ylem in the layer of wood under the skin. The unique structure of the xylem tissue in the branches allows it to work as a water filter because these channels are connected to each other through porous membranes (多孔薄膜). These membranes can catch water pollutants, similar to a water filter membrane.

The researchers were even able to extend the shelf life of dry wood filters to around two years by dipping (浸泡) them in a protective mix of hot water and ethanol (乙醇). To make this potentially life-saving technology be reachable to those who need it, the construction of the filter is open to the public and instructions can be found on their website detailing how anyone can try to construct their own wood water filter.

1. What does the underlined “gets an edge” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Has a limitation.	B．Has an advantage.
C．Faces a challenge.	D．Produces an effect.

2. Why does the author mention the example in India?

A．To call on people to protect local water sources.

B．To show the consequences of lacking pure water.

C．To explain why water filters are in great demand.

D．To prove the water filter is effective and welcomed.

3. What makes the branches of non-flowering plants act as a water filter?

A．They are thinner than other plants' branches.

B．They have wide straw-like tubes in the xylem tissue.

C．The tiny holes of membranes can trap water pollutants.

D．The layer of wood under their skin carries plenty of water.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．A unique way of obtaining water from plants.

B．The working principle of tree-based water filters.

C．MIT creates a high-tech water purification system.

D．MIT's wooden water filter comes into practical use.

8 . Two and a half months before the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season officially begins, and almost six months before it enters its peak (高峰), weathermen are already predicting (预测) that it could be particularly active.

Officially, hurricane season begins from June 1 and runs through November. One reason is that sea surface temperatures in the tropical (热带的) Atlantic are already at record highs.

Meanwhile, another significant potential factor in this year’s hurricane season is taking shape thousands of miles away in the Pacific. Over periods ranging from three to seven years, the waters of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean warm and cool in turn as a result of a repeating climate pattern called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). El Niño makes Atlantic hurricanes less likely to form but La Niña does.

During the 2023 season, ENSO was in an El Niño period. However, by the time the 2024 season starts, it will have changed into a “neutral(中立)” period, but that by the peak months, it is likely to have changed fully into a La Niña.

“How quickly that change occurs can affect everything as well,” says DaSilva, a lead hurricane weatherman. “There’s a lag time. So, while we expect the change to occur in mid-summer, it may not be until late summer or fall where we really see those effects across the Atlantic basin.” As a result, he says, this year’s hurricane season could remain particularly active deep into November.

Of course, no report can predict when individual storms will come or the paths they will take, but DaSilva warns that those who live in areas likely to suffer hurricanes, especially around the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, should prepare. “If a tropical storm system comes into this area, it could rapidly strengthen, potentially close to land,” he also warns. “And that’s why people need to be careful and have their hurricane plans ready. Because any system with these kinds of conditions can explode very quickly. That’s what we’re concerned about.”

1. What is the function of Paragraph 1?

A．To give advice.	B．To explain the season.
C．To introduce the topic.	D．To inform a weather report.

2. What is a reason for this year’s hurricane season?

A．The hurricane season has entered its peak.

B．A repeating climate has changed weather in summer.

C．The sea surface temperatures are the highest of all time.

D．El Niño makes Atlantic hurricanes more likely to form.

3. What do the underlined words “a lag time” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．A time delay.	B．A time in a zone.
C．A time waste.	D．A time in advance.

4. What does DaSilva agree with about this year’s hurricane season?

A．It can be exactly predicted ahead of time.

B．People needn’t worry about hurricane season.

C．It may be eventually controlled by weathermen.

D．People can’t be more careful about hurricane season.