1 . Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere, and so raising the temperature of the earth.

In Europe, eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperatures. On the other hand, the countries around the Mediterranean Sea are receiving even less rain than before. In Sub- Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation. In 1999, the southern United States was struck by a serious of destructive(毁灭性的) hurricanes. Scientists expect such trends to continue, and to worsen, if global warming cannot be stopped.

In addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and extreme weather conditions, scientists are closely monitoring sea levels around the world. They are slowly rising, as the northern and southern polar ice caps start to melt. This will have serious consequences for low-lying countries near the sea. Already parts of these places are disappearing under the rising sea water.

According to a new research, one contradictory feature(特征) of global warming is that it will probably lead to a period of much colder weather. Scientists base their theory on what happened the last time the world warmed up, 8,300 years ago. They have discovered that when the ice melted from the northern polar ice cap it became trapped in a lake in northern Canada. As more ice melted, this lake suddenly burst open, pouring millions of tons of freezing fresh water into the North Atlantic. This flood of water prevented the normal flow of water in the Atlantic, which takes warm water from the tropics(热带地区) north to Europe. When this flow of warm water was cut off, temperatures in Europe dropped by between three and eight degrees over the next 200 years. ''That's the concern here,'' says Richard Alley, an American climate expert. ''The climate hasn't varied much in 8, 000 years. But big changes could come back!''

1. What is the overall effect of global warming on Europe?

A．A warmer climate.	B．A decline in rainfall.
C．An increase of hurricanes.	D．A decrease of crop production.

2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The rising sea level.	B．The melting of icebergs.
C．The increase in disasters.	D．The cause of global warming.

3. How does the author describe the climate change in Europe 8 ,300 years ago?

A．By offering statistics.	B．By giving an example.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By analyzing the process.

4. What can we infer from Richard Alley' s words?

A．Global climate change will bring more disasters.

B．Global warming will likely produce a colder climate.

C．Global warming will continue for the next two centuries.

D．Global climate will remain unchangeable in the next 8,000 years.

2 . If you're looking for a reason to care about tree loss, this summer's record-breaking heat waves might be it. Trees can lower summer daytime temperatures by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit(华氏度), according to a recent study. But tree cover in US cities is shrinking. A study published last year by the US Forest Service found that we lost 36 million trees annually from urban and rural communities over a five-year period. If we continue on this path, "cities will become warmer, more polluted and generally more unhealthy for inhabitants," said David Nowak, a senior US Forest Service scientist and co-author of the study. Nowak says there are many reasons our tree cover is declining, including hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, insects and disease. But the one reason for tree loss that humans can control is sensible development.

"We see the tree cover being changed, which means when we look at the photographs, what was there is now replaced with a parking lot or a building," Nowak said. "Every time we put a road down, we put a building and we cut a tree or add a tree, it not only affects that site, it affects the region." The study placed a value on tree loss based on trees' role in air pollution removal and energy conservation.

Nowak says there's a downside to trees too, such as pollen allergies or large falling branches in storms, "and people don't like sweeping leaves." But, he says, there are ways cities and counties can manage trees to help communities thrive. Urban forests especially need our help to replace fallen trees. Unlike rural areas, it is very difficult for trees to repopulate themselves in a city environment with so much pavement and asphalt(沥青). "A lot of our native trees can't actually find a place to drop a seed so they can regenerate," explains Greg Levine, co-executive director for Trees Atlanta. "That's why the community has to go in and actually plant a tree because the areas just aren't natural anymore."

Nowak says the first step is caring for the trees on your own property. "We think we pay for our house, and so we must maintain it. But because we don't pay for nature, we don't need to. And that's not necessarily true."

1. Why does the author mention “trees can lower summer daytime temperatures” ?

A．To tell the temperatures in summer are high.

B．To introduce the topic.

C．To tell trees are helpful.

D．To explain the reason of tree loss.

2. How can humans control tree loss according to Nowak ?

A．Improve climate to let trees grow.

B．Prevent fires form damaging trees.

C．Develop cities in reasonable ways.

D．Decrease insects in citites.

3. Why forests in cities need our help ?

A．Because trees in urban areas can’t regenerate naturally.

B．Because native trees don’t drop seeds any more.

C．Because trees don’t grow in a city environment.

D．Because humans want to plant more trees.

4. What is the purpose of this passage ?

A．Describe the importance of trees in cities.

B．Show the number of trees in the US is declining.

C．Ask people to plant trees with the author.

D．Appeal people to protect trees in their surroundings.

3 . When photographer Simon Czapp took pictures of a curious five-month-old fox, he soon realized this little fox was attracted by his subject. The clever fox was so curious about the camera equipment that she climbed on top of it. And while she was supposed to be the subject of the shoot, the fox stood on the shutter release button (快门按钮) and took her own frames.

Mr. Czapp visited the New Forest Wildlife Park to capture images of new arrival Jessie. Jessie is a lovely little fox. She has been at the animal park in Ashurst, Hampshire—home to wolves, deer and others in 25 acres of ancient woodland after being abandoned by her mother.

Mr. Czapp said, “Jessie was very playful and curious and not shy at all in front of the camera. Soon after I arrived she was chewing my shoes and everything seemed to be a game to her. Then she started exploring the camera I had set up on a tripod (三脚架). She stood on her back legs to look at the back of the camera. She balanced her front paws on it and at one point knocked it over. ”

He put the camera back on the tripod and Jessie soon jumped back up. At one point she had all four paws on the camera and was keeping her balance. Mr. Czapp added, “She jumped up there several times and I realized it could make a good picture. As I was leaving away with the public’s viewing window (取景窗) behind me, I thought I heard the camera go off but didn’t think much of it. However, when I checked the memory card afterwards, I was amazed to see Jessie had actually taken two frames of me photographing her. I couldn’t believe I had been outfoxed (智取) by a fox! There were some lovely photos of her but she obviously thought the photographer was worthy of a picture too! ”

1. The underlined word “frames” in Para. 1 refers to _______.

A．photographers	B．pictures
C．equipments	D．subjects

2. Which of the following is the right order in which Jessie took photos of Mr. Czapp?
a. Jessie pressed the shutter release button, taking her own pictures.
b. Jessie balanced her paws on the camera.
c. Mr. Czapp set up his camera on a tripod.
d. Jessie stood up to look at the back of the camera.

A．c, d, b, a	B．a, c, d, b
C．d, c, b, a	D．b, a, c, d

3. Which of the following best describes Jessie?

A．Naughty but lovely.	B．Clever but annoying.
C．Careful and grateful.	D．Quick but rude.

4. What’ s the main idea of the passage?

A．Wildlife photographers took photos of wild animals.

B．Clever fox took pictures of professional photographer.

C．Mr. Czapp showed the fox how to take photos.

D．Wild animals enjoy equal rights with humans.

4 . Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $ 300 million and forestry program, at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset (碳补偿)plans to meet climate goals. The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon, including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain, and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.

The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell, as well as a way to meet its climate targets. “We believe that over time we will be building a business, because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited," they said. Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint (碳排放)by 2-3 percent in five years, which includes emissions (排放)from the products it sells. The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects, then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products, or apply the credits to its own operations to lower its carbon footprint.

Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon. However, the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics, as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor. Shell's move has also been criticized by some environmentalists. They worried that there was a risk of " greenwash when companies invested in forestry projects. "There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not," they said, pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation (滥伐森林)to another.

Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forest program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements. Mark Lewis, head of climate change investment research at BNP Paribas, said, " Planting trees to offset emissions, as far as it goes, is a step in the right direction."

1. What is popular among oil companies these days?

A．Studying climate changes.

B．Launching forestry programs.

C．Working out carbon offset plans.

D．Attracting motorists to buy their petrol.

2. How will Shell Company make profits from its carbon offset projects?

A．By quitting the emissions of its products.

B．By reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter.

C．By limiting the oil used by its own operations.

D．By putting carbon credits it produces on the market.

3. What concerns some environmentalists about forestry project?

A．The projects can't really stop carbon emissions.

B．The projects are hard to monitor in poor countries.

C．The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests.

D．The projects haven't met strict biodiversity requirements.

4. What does the underlined word "greenwash" in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Discount.	B．Cheat.
C．Decline.	D．Change.

5 . Last year, four children waited for their school bus every day for ten minutes, on the same dirty street corner. There were old bottles, parts of old bikes, and ______ soda cans everywhere around the ______. The trees were brown and had no leaves, and there wasn't a flower in sight. It was ______.

One day, one of the children looked at the corner and ______ to do something about it. She had ______ minutes before the bus arrived. The next Monday, she brought a bag and ______ some of the old bottles to recycle. On ______， she spent another ten minutes picking up old bottles, while her best friend picked up soda cans and put them in a different ______ for recycling. On Wednesday, all the ______ picked up the remaining recyclable materials and put everything ______ in the rubbish can. The corner was ______！

The corner looked ______ but it was still ugly, so the next day the girl brought some ______ seeds. She planted the seeds and watered them, and watered the ______， too. She only had ten minutes a day but that was ______. On Friday, the children found more ______ on the ground and put it in the rubbish can, or recycled it.

After one month, their ugly, dirty corner had become a beautiful ______ with pretty flowers and healthy trees. It only took ten minutes a day. Do you have ten minutes a day to ______ your city? Imagine what a beautiful ______ we would have if more people spent ten minutes a day cleaning up and making their ______ more attractive！

1.

A．full

B．empty

C．cheap

D．expensive

2.

A．school

B．bus

C．old bottles

D．bus stop

3.

A．cold

B．gorgeous

C．useless

D．ugly

4.

A．had

B．refused

C．decided

D．managed

5.

A．ten

B．fifteen

C．twenty

D．thirty

6.

A．made

B．collected

C．bought

D．gave

7.

A．Tuesday

B．Sunday

C．Saturday

D．Friday

8.

A．car

B．bus

C．corner

D．bag

9.

A．passengers

B．children

C．teachers

D．girls

10.

A．better

B．useful

C．else

D．hard

11.

A．clean

B．dirty

C．green

D．gone

12.

A．nice

B．wrong

C．larger

D．better

13.

A．tree

B．flower

C．vegetable

D．fruit

14.

A．flowers

B．vegetables

C．trees

D．plants

15.

A．enough

B．limited

C．long

D．short

16.

A．seeds

B．toys

C．garbage

D．bikes

17.

A．school

B．home

C．playground

D．garden

18.

A．see

B．visit

C．help

D．enjoy

19.

A．world

B．school

C．bus stop

D．corner

20.

A．homes

B．gardens

C．villages

D．surroundings

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。

Celebrities（名人）like Olivia Munn, as well as fashion companies like Cucci and Versace , are among those who have been opposed     1     wearing animal fur. Now, San Francisco has become the    2    (large) city in the USA to ban retailers from selling new fur to their customers.

The ban aims to send     3       strong message to the fur industry     4     the cruelty these animals endure for the purpose of     5     (become) clothing is not consistent with the value of the city.

As we all know, West Hollywood became the first American city     6    （forbid ）the sale of new fur items in 2011, and Berkeley passed a ban on the sale of fur clothing in 2017. Additionally, in 2000, the UK led the charge(打头阵 ),     7     (follow) by Australia in 2004. More recently, the Netherlands, the European Union’s main producer of fur , banned fur farming in 2012 and plans to end mink(貂) farming by 2024. In 2018, Norway banned fur farms and     8    (end) fox and mink farming by 2025.

Hopefully, only when efforts like these are made to encourage     9     (consume) to stop buying real animal fur     10     the lives of animals be further protected all over the world.

7 . Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.

A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.

Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.

After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.

When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.

“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”

1. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?

A．They fed them.	B．They named them.
C．They trained them.	D．They measured them.

2. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?

A．By drawing a circle.	B．By touching a screen.
C．By watching videos.	D．By mixing two drinks.

3. What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?

A．They could perform basic addition.	B．They could understand simple words.
C．They could memorize numbers easily.	D．They could hold their attention for long.

4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A．Entertainment.

B．Health.

C．Education.

D．Science.

8 .
请根据你对下面这幅图的理解，写一篇100字左右的英语短文。
请包括以下内容:
1.简要描述图画内容
2.联系实际说说自己的看法和建议
提示:smog 雾霾
As is vividly shown in the picture, a tiny man
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What’s the passage mainly about?

A．Air pollution outside.

B．Indoor air pollution.

C．The disease caused by the polluted air.

2. Where did some of the worst indoor air pollution happen?

A．In super countries.

B．In developed countries.

C．In places where wood and coal were used for cooking.

3. How many diseases could be caused by breathing harmful indoor air according to the passage?

A．5.

B．6.

C．7.

4. What would be probably talked about next?

A．Causes of indoor air pollution.

B．Problems of indoor air pollution.

C．Ways to solve the problem of indoor air pollution.

10 . The words “protect animals” appear everywhere in books and on screens, because some animals are even in danger of dying out. But sometimes the reality can be a little different from what people read or watch.

About 300 black bears were killed in Florida, the US, in October, 2015. It’s been the first bear hunt in the state since 1994. Local officers explained that the black bear population had grown to 3,500 and become a menace to local people. In the past two years, bears have hurt at least four people in Florida.

Months ago, the Swiss government allowed locals to kill a wolf. This was because the wolf killed 38 sheep, and it was a great loss to some local farmers. Days ago in China, three old men were caught by the police for killing a serow (鬣羚), a kind of protected animal. They said they killed the animal because it ate the plants they grew.

However, these stories don’t always mean that animal protection stops because of human interests especially when it is related to economic development. A man named Zhou Weisen set up a wild animal base in Guilin, Guangxi. He saved over 170 tigers and about 300 bears. His base also offered jobs to local people.

“There may never be a standard answer to the question of whether we should give more attention to the environment or human development,” said Robert May, a British expert at Oxford University. “But we shouldn’t push either one to the side, as the future is uncertain.”

1. In October, 2015, Florida held its first bear hunt after about ___________.

A．five years	B．ten years
C．fourteen years	D．twenty-one years

2. What does the underlined word “menace” in the second paragraph mean?

A．threat	B．chance
C．bargain	D．treasure

3. What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Zhou Weisen’s story?

A．Protecting animals needs hard work.

B．Zhou was good at feeding wild animal.

C．Zhou had a good relationship with local people.

D．Protecting animals can bring economic development.

4. Which of the following statements might Robert May agree with?

A．Human development should be considered first.

B．We should pay more attention to animal protection.

C．We should consider both the environment and human interests.

D．It’s difficult to find proper ways to solve environmental problems.