1 . In the first half of 2022, scientists studying animal communication discovered that some dogs connect objects with words at a similar level to babies. Then what about cats, which are commonly believed to be unconcerned about human affairs?
Saho Takagi, a researcher at Azabu University, doubted cats’ seeming unconcern. “Cats don’t appear to listen to people’s conversations, but in fact, they do.” According to a past research, cats understand human communication better than expected. Like dogs, they can use human pointing and stares to find food. They even can tell the difference between human facial expressions and attentional states, according to a 2021 study. However, cats can do more than that.
Another study showed that cats can discriminate their human-given name from the names of their cat friends (those that live in the same house). The researchers believed that cats learned to connect names with other cats by observing communication between their owners and their cat friends.
In a recently published study, Takagi and her colleagues compared two groups of cats: one group was made up of house cats and lived with at least two other cats; the other was made up of cats that lived in “cat cafés”, which had up to 30 cats. They used a simple, two-phase(阶段) test. During the name phase, the study participant(参与者) was softly placed in front of a laptop computer. Then the researcher played a recording of its owner saying the name of its cat companions(同伴).
Immediately after the name phase came the face phase. A cat’s face appeared on the monitor. Sometimes, the cat that appeared on the screen matched the name spoken; other times the name and the picture did not match. If cats knew the names of their cat friends, they would investigate by staring doubtfully at the monitor when the name and the picture did not match. House cats had a significantly longer stare than café cats, indicating that house cats generally expected an exact cat’s face upon hearing the cat’s name.
“This is the first to show that house cats link human words and their social companions through daily experiences,” the researchers wrote, “However, we could not recognize the mechanism(机制) for learning. But with more and more scientists becoming interested in cats who are much smarter than we praise them, this question is sure to be solved.”
1. What’s people’s common understanding of cats?A.They have their own language. |
B.They show no interest in human things. |
C.They can connect objects with words. |
D.They can use human instructions to find food. |
A.cats and dogs get along well with humans |
B.cats’ ability to learn is stronger than dogs’ |
C.cats’ ability goes beyond body language recognition |
D.cats and dogs are all clever animals in people’s eyes |
A.Tell. | B.Protect. | C.Excuse. | D.Learn. |
A.They are curious about cat names. |
B.They know the names of their cat friends. |
C.They are dependent on their owners. |
D.They like communicating with each other. |
A.How cats can recognize other cats’ face. |
B.Whether cats are much smarter than expected. |
C.Whether cats can understand human communication. |
D.How cats link human words and their social companions. |
2 . I’ll never forget May 12. 2008. We were having classes at Beichuan Middle School, Sichuan Province, when a huge
At about 2:28 pm, our
Hours later, some people came to rescue and
Later, I
World after such a(n)
Now, some of my classmates and I were
May victims rest in peace. May survivors live to be stronger.
1.A.rain | B.earthquake | C.snow | D.rock |
A.classmate | B.parent | C.friend | D.teacher |
A.Finally | B.Luckily | C.Suddenly | D.Actually |
A.fall | B.stand | C.run | D.walk |
A.home | B.desks | C.classroom | D.outdoors |
A.Minutes | B.Weeks | C.Hours | D.Days |
A.trapped | B.stayed | C.played | D.packed |
A.lived | B.suffered | C.enjoyed | D.escaped |
A.ignored | B.recovered | C.rescued | D.remembered |
A.all | B.some | C.none | D.each |
A.found out | B.added up | C.came up | D.set down |
A.devoted | B.helped | C.killed | D.concerned |
A.outside | B.with | C.between | D.among |
A.now | B.once | C.then | D.never |
A.attitude | B.trouble | C.disaster | D.experience |
A.life | B.damage | C.hurt | D.item |
A.in ruins | B.dug out | C.as usual | D.set up |
A.judged | B.persuaded | C.joined | D.organized |
A.keep on | B.give in | C.care about | D.go through |
A.peaceful | B.safe | C.grateful | D.active |
要点提示:1. 城市垃圾的危害。
2. 建议:垃圾分类、报纸和玻璃的再利用、有害垃圾的处理等。
参考词汇:城市化urbanization;加速acceleration;将……分类sort;回收recycle
注意:
1. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
2. 词数不少于100,信的格式已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear editor,
With the acceleration of urbanization, city waste problem is getting worse.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
1. 濒危动物的现状;
2. 保护濒危动物的意义;
3. 应怎样保护濒危动物。
注意:(1)词数不少于100;
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 . Every year, Arctic terns (北极燕鸥) migrate from the Arctic to the Antarctic — a round-trip of about 80,000 kilometers. New research finds that these far-flying birds use just a few select routes for their travels.
“The Arctic tern is well-known to people as a record holder. To be exact, it holds the world record for the longest migration of any animal, and therefore interacts with a variety of ecosystems along the way,” lead author Joanna Wong, from the University of British Columbia, says.
“They are an indicator species that can tell us so much about the different ecosystems that they travel through,” Wong continues. “If they don’t make it to their destination in one year, then you know there might be an environmental problem somewhere along their route.”
Globally, Arctic terns are declining. Their crossing such a wide geographic range has made it hard for researchers to see where the problem is. “These birds are difficult to study because they are either residing in polar environments, or on the go,” Wong says.
So in order to track them, Wong and her colleagues attached light-level geolocators to the legs of 53 Arctic terns from five breeding colonies (繁殖群落) throughout North America. These geolocators are actually small computers that record surrounding light intensities. “The length of daylight can tell us the latitude (纬度), while the time of solar noon can tell us the longitude, so we are able to estimate positions of birds,” Wong says.
Researchers compared the routes taken by the birds they followed and the migration timing to other Arctic terns that had previously been tracked. They determined that most Arctic terns use common migratory routes. So terns breeding in different areas such as Canada, the United States. Norway, and Greenland, all end up taking similar routes both when they head south and when they return north.
Some other seabirds also use the same paths, which suggests that the routes aren’t specific just to the Arctic terns and that protecting them may be beneficial to other species.
1. What do Arctic terns have a reputation for?A.Their being long-distance migrants. |
B.Their contributions to local ecosystems. |
C.Their ability to survive in polar climates. |
D.Their being selective about migratory routes. |
A.Their migratory destinations vary each year. |
B.They choose random routes when migrating. |
C.They help us be aware of environmental problems. |
D.Their migratory journey usually takes more than one year. |
A.They can hardly get access to Arctic terns. |
B.They know very little about polar environments. |
C.They have difficulty protecting Arctic terns’ habitats. |
D.They fail to figure out Arctic terns’ annual migratory routes. |
A.To protect Arctic terns from enemies. |
B.To help identify Arctic terns’ locations. |
C.To monitor Arctic terns’ physical growth. |
D.To record the changes of Arctic terns’ breeding colonies. |
A.Terns around the world breed at the same place. |
B.It’s significant to protect terns’ migratory routes. |
C.Conservation of Arctic tern s is easy to achieve. |
D.Terns’ migratory routes are affected by other seabirds. |
6 . Not long ago, I was the guide on a wildlife-photography trip to Svalbard near the North Pole. After two days of
The next morning, I was woken up because a polar bear was
That was the
I was overjoyed to see all my
A.research | B.training | C.inspection | D.adventure |
A.spotted | B.avoided | C.imagined | D.appreciated |
A.threw | B.buried | C.placed | D.applied |
A.character | B.image | C.acceptance | D.description |
A.pulling | B.shouting | C.drawing | D.crying |
A.terrible | B.simple | C.abnormal | D.sharp |
A.movement | B.situation | C.position | D.smell |
A.seal | B.ice | C.hole | D.camera |
A.dug | B.leaked | C.slipped | D.raced |
A.luckiest | B.worst | C.brightest | D.wettest |
A.annoyed | B.embarrassed | C.bored | D.satisfied |
A.commitment | B.recognition | C.excuse | D.permission |
A.ordinary | B.previous | C.precious | D.tight |
A.risk | B.consider | C.escape | D.abandon |
A.got over | B.turned into | C.ran into | D.turned over |
A.Obviously | B.Amazingly | C.Initially | D.Gradually |
A.stepped | B.wandered | C.floated | D.danced |
A.animals | B.facilities | C.photos | D.friends |
A.Recovering | B.Acquiring | C.Repairing | D.Exploring |
A.recommendation | B.accomplishment | C.discovery | D.evolution |
7 . Afroz Shah, a lawyer in Mumbai, hasn’t had a weekend off in four years. But he hasn’t spent this time preparing for
His mission? Saving the world’s oceans from
It’s a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was
“The whole beach was like a
In October 2015, Shah began
For Shah, the work has always been a
He’s now spent 209 weekends on this mission,
“This world talks too much. I think we must talk
A.teaching | B.court | C.housework | D.cleaning |
A.river | B.soil | C.plastic | D.oil |
A.upset | B.excited | C.delighted | D.hesitant |
A.grown | B.changed | C.reserved | D.protected |
A.pure | B.golden | C.shiny | D.visible |
A.carpet | B.curtain | C.painting | D.photograph |
A.temporary | B.permanent | C.ugly | D.pretty |
A.sticks to | B.keeps off | C.gives back | D.ends up |
A.killer | B.cleaner | C.guest | D.decoration |
A.sweeping | B.attacking | C.visiting | D.beautifying |
A.pulling | B.thinking | C.picking | D.looking |
A.came | B.failed | C.went | D.spread |
A.involved | B.lived | C.stuck | D.paid |
A.easy | B.tough | C.personal | D.general |
A.known | B.regarded | C.decided | D.honored |
A.cause | B.case | C.position | D.fame |
A.requiring | B.rejecting | C.inviting | D.inspiring |
A.originally | B.finally | C.politically | D.theoretically |
A.fewer | B.less | C.better | D.worse |
A.honor | B.beauty | C.hope | D.love |
8 . As people are becoming more socially conscious about where their food comes from and how it impacts the planet, they are choosing animal-free plant-based options. Cow-free meat has been around for quite some time and the popularity of brands like Beyond Meat and cultivated meat from Aleph Farms and others are soaring. While there are a large number of plant-based milk substitutes, none of them have the same taste of cow’s milk. Now, an Israeli food-tech startup Remilk created real dairy products without harming a single cow or the planet.
The company stresses that their product Remilk is not a milk substitute but rather is the real deal. Made from a special process called microbial fermentation (微生物发酵), milk is manufactured in a lab instead of in a cow. And the end product is very healthy. “In a very simple way, we take the gene that encodes for the milk protein,” said Aviv Wolff, CEO of Remilk.”The gene functions as an instruction book for the production of the protein it encodes. And so, we insert the gene into a microbe that we’ve developed and it instructs our microbe to produce the specific protein in a very efficient way.”
The company says that the lab-produced milk tastes identical to the real thing and they hope to eventually replace cows by creating every dairy product sold. They expect to roll out plant-based cheese and yogurt in addition to milk. “Remilk was founded with the mission to stop using animals to produce our food because, as dairy lovers, we realize that giving up on milk is not an option,” Wolff said. “But today’s milk comes with an unreasonable price tag. The dairy industry is destructive to our planet, our health, and our animals, and is simply not sustainable anymore.”
The environmental price tag of dairy farming is way too high. According to the World Wildlife Fund, dairy cows add a huge amount of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change as well as foul the air around them. Dairy operations consume large amounts of water and run-off of manure (粪肥) and fertilizers from these farms get into local waterways. The production of Remilk uses only 5 percent of the resources and produces only 1 percent of the waste of producing cow’s milk according to the company. And they accomplish this by being 100 percent cruelty-free unlike dairy farms.
1. What distinguishes Remilk from other milk substitutes?A.It enjoys broad popularity. |
B.It has the highest output. |
C.It comes in various flavours. |
D.It tastes the same as cow’s milk. |
A.The production of Remilk. |
B.The nutritional value of Remilk. |
C.The role of gene in making protein. |
D.The process of microbial fermentation. |
A.Remilk was set up for animal protection. |
B.Dairy industries should be shut down. |
C.Remilk aims to produce animal-free food. |
D.Prices of cow’s milk are soaring these days. |
A.Clean. | B.Heat. |
C.Pollute. | D.Consume. |
A.Drawing on gene technology, Remilk has developed a variety of dairy products. |
B.Conventional dairy industry is anything but eco-friendly. |
C.The new technology adopted by Remilk transforms the gene of cows. |
D.It’ll be some time before the public get accustomed to the milk substitutes. |
9 . When I began to study flower arranging, I was slowly developing a deeper understanding of the
In our first class, my teacher said that flowers can
Even after the flowers had been
This experience made me feel how
What we came to notice was that flowers could also
When we made our arrangements with this kind of
A.difference | B.conflict | C.barrier | D.connection |
A.actually | B.hardly | C.briefly | D.mildly |
A.ways | B.goals | C.levels | D.measures |
A.pouring | B.focusing | C.relying | D.forcing |
A.covered | B.arranged | C.delivered | D.wrapped |
A.prove | B.grow | C.feel | D.smell |
A.put | B.cut | C.brought | D.handed |
A.garden | B.vase | C.cave | D.wall |
A.first | B.right | C.former | D.equal |
A.fully | B.apparently | C.mentally | D.firmly |
A.performer | B.babysitter | C.neighbor | D.caretaker |
A.amazed | B.moved | C.anxious | D.curious |
A.simple | B.funny | C.complex | D.foolish |
A.flowers | B.animals | C.grasses | D.humans |
A.allows | B.conveys | C.promtises | D.passes |
A.direction | B.space | C.energy | D.shape |
A.shake | B.listen | C.breathe | D.inform |
A.prove | B.select | C.imagine | D.rémind |
A.beauty | B.secret | C.message | D.treasure |
A.talent | B.policy | C.devotion | D.technique |
Perhaps one of the most terrible weather phenomena is the tornado. The unpredictability of a tornado produces fear in many areas. Tornadoes are one of nature’s most devastating storms, but they don’t last long. The average length of a tornado is only five to thirty minutes, but the places they travel to are often ruined.
The strong winds of a tornado can tear just almost anything from the ground including trees, vehicles, and even houses. Another damaging effect of tornadoes is actually from the debris that the storm picks up. People have been buried alive by houses or mud picked up and then dropped by a tornado, but also lightning that the storm produces. It can cause fires and electrical problems.
If there is a tornado approaching, what safety measures should you take? First, it is important to realize that there is no specific way to know if a storm is going to produce a tornado. Scientists have only developed warning systems that tell them if a storm is capable of producing a tornado.
During severe weather, leave a radio on. It’s inexpensive and could save your life. If you hear the announcer say there is a tornado warning that means the conditions are correct for forming a tornado. A tornado warning means a tornado has been seen.
If you find yourself in danger, find shelter in the lowest possible place, such as a basement. If your home does not have a basement, go to the safest room. Stay away from windows or anything heavy like furniture. A bathroom is a good location. Take your battery-powered radio to your shelter and turn it on. Kneel on the floor and cover your head with your hands. This is the best position to avoid damage during a tornado.
1. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 1? (No more than 2 words)2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? (No more than 6 words)
3. What help can warning systems about tornadoes give scientists? (No more than 15 words)
4. Why does the writer say a radio may save lives? (No more than 12 words)
5. What do you think about the tips on tornado safety? And why? (No more than 20 words)