1 . Marine life (海洋生物) in Florida Keys is negatively influenced by two forces: human activity and climate change. The former involves fishing, tourism and diving while the latter causes a large increase in intense hurricanes. Fortunately, when the researchers of Florida Museum of Natural History started looking for sea urchins (海胆) on the ocean floor off the coast of Florida Keys in the summer of 2020, they uncovered their population had relatively been stable since the 1960s.
The researchers visited 27 sites along a 20-mile stretch of coast near Florida Keys looking for tracks that reflected the presence of burrowing echinoids (穴居海胆类动物). “The findings that burrowing echinoids have been highly resilient (有适应力的) against climate change and environmental pollution over the last 60 years was a huge discovery for us.” said study co-author Tobias Grun.
Grun said, “However, we know little about their current distribution, population size, and health. The reason is not the lack of interest by the scientific community but lies in that fieldwork is very expensive.”
As the climate crisis progresses, it’s important to understand why some marine creatures are more resilient in bearing the impacts of a worsening environment than others. Grun said, “Evolution may be at play. Some marine animals are very opportunistic. They can tolerate a wide range of abiotic factors like pH, temperature, and salinity, to name a few.”
Grun added, “At this point, our data show that burrowing echinoids are more resilient than many other marine species and are doing comparatively well. That does not mean that we can push our luck and keep going the way we are right now. Our study provides some hope that these creatures are resilient, but much more work is needed to translate our findings into a larger scale. The reasons for their resilience are also widely unknown.”
1. Which has an effect on the marine life in Florida Keys?A.Wildfire. | B.Pollution. | C.Fishing. | D.Flood. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Important. | C.Subjective. | D.Outdated |
A.The goal. | B.The staff | C.The cost | D.The usage |
A.It’s necessary to do further research. |
B.It’s right to keep going the present way. |
C.The reasons for sea urchins’ resilience are well known. |
D.Fish are more resilient than other marine species. |
2 . The Chinese paddlefish (白鲟)-one of the world’s largest freshwater fish-has been announced extinct. Scientists say the paddlefish, also called the Chinese swordfish, is believed to have a lineage dating back at least 34 million years. With its long nose and mouth, the paddlefish could grow as long as seven meters.
But a research paper recently published in Science of the Total. Environment reported the paddlefish was now extinct. The researchers include scientists from the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Britain’s University of Kent and the University of South Bohemia in the Czech Republic.
The paper says the paddlefish was announced extinct for two reasons. It said that the fish was not able to survive because of widespread overfishing and damage to its native environment in the Yangtze River.
Researchers discovered 332 different species of fish in the Yangtze River in 2017 and 2018. But they did not find a single Chinese paddlefish They guessed the fish disappeared between 2005 and 2010. The extinction of the Chinese paddlefish was “a huge loss” to nature.
Pan Wenjing is a forest and ocean expert with Greenpeace East Asia. “The ecology of the Yangtze River is almost in ruins due to human activity in past decades” Pan said. She stressed that China had taken measures to improve the Yangtze’s environment, including a 10-year ban (禁令) on fishing.
After the extinction was reported in the news, some Chinese media and Internet users took a look back at the large creatures. Many people appeared to have not heard of the Chinese paddlefish before it was announced extinct.
“Every time I see the news of another species going extinct, heart starts to ache,” wrote one Weibo user. “Humans should not live alone on this planet,” the user added.
1. What do we know from Paragraph3?A.Fishing in the Yangtze River. | B.Environment in the Yangtze River. |
C.Researchers of the Chinese paddlefish. | D.The reasons for the Chinese paddlefish’s extinction. |
A.No pain, no gain. | B.To protect animals is to protect humans. |
C.Well begun is half done. | D.It’s never too late to mend. |
A.Excited. | B.Sorry. | C.Shocked. | D.Curious. |
A.Fishing is not allowed in the Yangtze River |
B.Few people are familiar with the Chinese paddlefish |
C.The Chinese paddlefish has been announced extinct |
D.Damage to the environment has bad effects |
3 . It is not always easy to understand animal behavior, especially when it’s related to other species (物种). For decades, researchers have observed orca (虎鲸) attacking and even killing porpoises (鼠海豚) in the Pacific Northwest. But it confuses people that these expert hunters don’t eat them. So what’s going on here?
Southern Resident orcas are a different population of orcas that live in the Pacific Northwest. The lives of these orcas are closely tied to those of the salmon (鲑鱼). So if the salmon disappear, so too will the orca. But despite their preference for salmon, these whales are known to attack and kill other smaller marine mammals (海洋哺乳动物) without eating them.
To better understand this unusual behavior, an international team of researchers did a research and examined more than 60 years of recorded interactions between Southern Resident orcas and porpoises in the Salish Sea.
“Why don’t the Southern Residents just eat porpoises instead?” Deborah Giles of Wild Orca said. “It’s because fish-eating killer whales have a completely different ecology and culture from orcas that eat marine mammals. So we must conclude that their interactions with porpoises serve a different purpose, but this purpose has only been a guess until now.”
According to Giles and her colleagues’work, the orca may be attacking the porpoise as a form of social play. It is possible these large animals may be attacking the smaller mammals as a way to build up social cohesion (凝聚力). Similarly, the behavior could represent hunting practice, by which the orcas are practising their teamwork and cooperation skills for hunting salmon. Finally, the behavior could be a way of “mismothering” where the orca see the smaller porpoises as weaker or ill and so in need of care.
This work highlights the need for the protection of salmon populations in the area as well as the orcas’entire hunting range. The threat (威胁) to the salmon’s future is not just a threat to a single species, but an entire ecosystem.
1. Why did an international team of researchers do their study?A.To find out a way to protect porpoises. |
B.To make sure the reason why some orcas attack salmons. |
C.To solve the problem of marine mammals’ living environment. |
D.To better understand the strange behavior of Southern Resident orcas. |
A.Porpoises. | B.Marine mammals. | C.Salmons. | D.Whales. |
A.It’s a kind of social play with porpoises. |
B.It is a practice to kill porpoises as their food. |
C.The orcas may dislike the smaller porpoises. |
D.It’s a way for the orcas to practice their hunting skills. |
A.Positive. | B.Objective | C.Doubtful. | D.Uncertain. |
4 . Here are some fantastic parks in San Antonio.
Brackenridge Park
The park was first established in 1899 and has been popular with both locals and visitors ever since. Towering trees and peaceful riverbanks will greet guests along the park’s paths, and the facilities include playgrounds, museums, a miniature train, a Japanese tea garden, and one of the oldest golf courses in the city.
Friedrich Wilderness Park
In the park, you’ll find about 10 miles of paved(铺过的)and unpaved trails(路线), with a little something for everyone. From rocky climbs to deep canyons, and enchanting forests to open views, there’s no shortage of natural beauty. The area is nationally famous for birdwatching.
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park
The park is the state’s only one on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site. It covers quite a large area, so it’s best to make it a full-day or at least a half-day trip so you can be sure to cover everything. While the Alamo is a separate attraction, you will get to enjoy the architectural wonders of Mission Concepcion, Mission San Jose, Mission San Juan, and Mission Espada. They’re all connected by a hike and bike trail, with plenty of stops along the way to picnic, climb trees, and refill water. Admission is free!
Eisenhower Park
Just a 20-to 30-minute drive from the city center, the park puts the best landscapes in the Texas Hill Country on full display, holding 6 miles of hiking trails, both paved and unpaved. Explore dried creek beds, look out over plunging canyons, and enjoy full views of San Antonio down below. You can also find playgrounds for the little ones, picnic tables, and barbecue facilities.
1. What is Friedrich Wilderness Park well-known for?A.Birdwatching. | B.Ancient buildings. |
C.A Japanese tea garden. | D.Unpaved hiking paths. |
A.Brackenridge Park. |
B.Friedrich Wilderness Park. |
C.San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. |
D.Eisenhower Park. |
A.Golf courses and bicycle trails. |
B.Museums and no entrance fee. |
C.Birdwatching and playgrounds. |
D.Hiking trails and barbecue facilities. |
1. Why is the man going to Vietnam?
A.To travel. | B.To work. | C.To study. |
A.They have killed plenty of tourists. |
B.They are often eaten by other animals. |
C.They like to make their webs everywhere. |
6 . Best Parks to See Wildlife
A recent report from a vacation site listed the total number of species and sizes of several well-known national parks. Here are some of them to see the widest variety of animals.
Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio
Number of species per square meter: 317
Located 20 miles southwest of Cleveland, Ohio, Cuyahoga Valley National Park is a mixed ecosystem of forest and wetlands sheltering a variety of animals. From the boardwalk at Beaver Marsh, watch for water-loving mammals or snapping turtles (鳄龟) that can weigh as much as 55 pounds each. More than 200 bird species live in the park.
Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico
Number of species per square meter: 286
The representative for Carlsbad Caverns is the Brazilian free-tailed bat. Every summer, hundreds of thousands of the furry, big-eared creatures live in these caves in southeastern New Mexico, attracting crowds at sunset with their spectacular out Nlight. The Brazilians are one of he 17 bat species that nest at Carlsbad. You might also encounter wild pigs and cave swallows.
Acadia National Park, Maine
Number of species per square meter: 242
The Atlantic Ocean meets the Maine coast at this popular park on Mount Desert Island, providing habitat for wildlife with feet and flippers (鳍状肢) . From the shore, scan the water for the heads of harbor porpoises (鼠海豚) and gray seals.
Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, Colorado
Number of species per square meter: 219
In western Colorado, the 2, 722 feet between this park s canyon edge and the Gunnison River below support numerous wildlife habitats. Experienced climbers and hikers who adventure into the inner canyon find collared lizards and mule deer.
1. Which park has the fewest species per square meter?A.Acadia National Park. | B.Carlsbad Caverns National Park. |
C.Cuyahoga Valley National Park. | D.Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park |
A.Playing with turtles weighing over 55 pounds. |
B.Watching crowds of flying bats at sunset. |
C.Meeting wild pigs in forests and wetlands. |
D.Observing 17 swallow species nesting in the city. |
A.gray seals. | B.coastal scenery. |
C.collared lizards. | D.harbor porpoises. |
About 800 meters above sea level and next to the picturesque Taiping Lake, Houkeng village in Huangshan, a region in the south of Anhui Province, seems
Kowkui’s exceptionally large
Last November, traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China
8 . As we all know, waste is extremely bad for the environment. Let’s talk about why litter is harmful to our streets and towns, our drinking water, and sea animals.
Waste can have a bad influence on our cities. Cleaning up litter costs US taxpayers (纳税人) and businesses $11.5 billion each year.
As you can see, waste is harmful in many ways.
A.Everybody wants to breathe fresh air. |
B.That money could have been spent on parks. |
C.How do you feel when you see people littering around? |
D.In the future there might be more waste than fish in the ocean. |
E.Litter can go into the soil and water and pollute our drinking water. |
F.We need to stop littering for us, for the environment, and for the planet. |
G.Did you know every day almost 8 million pieces of litter go into the ocean? |
Spring is the season for new life. In China, the peak time for spring plowing and sowing is around the Qingming Festival, which falls on Wednesday this year, when people from all walks
From top leaders to ordinary citizens, planting trees has been a widespread practice for the Chinese,
Since
Under a long-term plan, China expects to increase
10 . Sir David Attenborough has devoted his life to the natural world and environmental causes. His work has raised awareness of the threats that habitats face, and it reminds us how we are all connected. It’s this devotion to science that has earned him multiple honors and awards. It’s really awe-inspiring to see how many he has, using a unique way to shine a light on just how many he holds.
David Attenborough’s name comprises 17 letters, or 20 if you want to throw the “Sir” distinction he earned when he was knighted (封为爵士) by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ in 1985. After those, there are 39 more letters concerning the multiple orders he has been awarded and societies he’s a member of. These letters are: OM, GSMG, CH, CVO, CBE, FRS, FSA, FRSA, FLS, FZS, FRSGS and FRSB.
But what do these letters mean? It’s easier to first divide them among orders and societies. The former are OM, GSMG, CH, CVO, CBE, and so on. These are handed out by the Royal Family for “exceptional service” and “major contributions” towards the advancement of the Arts, Learning, Literature, and Science.
The latter are fellowships that illustrate Attenborough’s wide interests and topics he’s an expert in. Beyond his titles, the 96-year-old naturalist has reached far and wide. His love for nature can be traced back to childhood when he spent his days collecting fossils, stones, and natural samples. Attenborough went on to study Natural Sciences at Cambridge before joining the BBC as a producer in 1952.
Throughout the English-speaking world, he is known for his contributions to the natural history documentary, particularly the powerful Life collection, which covers the subjects of animal and plant life on Earth. While the honors he has gotten pay tribute (致敬) to his achievements and dedication, his true pride likely lives in every person who decides to take a stand to protect our planet.
1. What’s the significance of Attenborough’s contribution to the environment?A.It has brought him a lot of honors. |
B.It causes the Royal Family to give help. |
C.It provides people with many good programs. |
D.It awakens people’s environmental awareness. |
A.The great honors David Attenborough has got. |
B.The different kinds of honors for different areas. |
C.The hardness to get honors from the Royal Family. |
D.The reason why David Attenborough was awarded. |
A.He spent most time playing outside when young. |
B.His job was connected with his major at college. |
C.His interest in nature began when he was young. |
D.His interest changed after he attended the college. |
A.Fortunate. | B.Critical. | C.Strong-minded. | D.Devoted. |