The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the
A new report says that nearly half of the world’s bird population is going down.“We
Urban Forest Pro in Portland is a full-service tree care company providing tree services. Our arborists (树艺师)
1.你在节约能源方面的做法;
2.你对节约能源的看法。
注意:1.词数:不少于100;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
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Yours,
Li Hua
1. 理念或观点;
2. 做法及其原因;
3. 倡议。
注意:词数不少于60。
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In recent years, we have seen melting ice caps and
7 . No animals have experienced a greater appearance change in the past few decades than the nonavian(非鸟类的)dinosaurs. We used to think they had nothing but boring gray and brown scales but they are now believed to have had feathers in bright colors and patterns. So what colors were the dinosaurs? And how do we know?
One scientist we have to thank for the answers to both questions is Jakob Vinther. Ever since the first fossilized(成为化石的)dinosaur feathers were reported in 1996, scientists had noticed round tiny structures within them—structures that many had assumed were fossilized bacteria.
But as a doctoral student studying a completely different animal, Vinther realized that these structures might be something more. “I was looking at fossilized ink in a squid-like(像乌贼的)animal. It was remarkably well preserved,”Vinther said. “You can take ink from a squid you bought down at the fish market, put it under a microscope, and see perfect little round balls. And then when you take fossilized ink, it looks exactly the same.” Those balls are melanosomes(黑素体)that color hair, skin, feathers and eyes of animals. These round structures turned out to be the same ones being mistaken for bacteria in dinosaur feathers.
Scientists had largely believed that melanosomes couldn’t survive the fossilization process, but discoveries have shown not only that they survive but that they can tell us the actual colors of extinct animals. That’s because they come not only in “perfect little round balls” but also in many different shapes, each of which produces a different color.
“If you look at a person with black hair or a bird with black feathers, those melanosomes are sausage-shaped,” Vinther said. “If you have orange-brown hair, they’ re shaped like little meatballs. So basically, you just look for sausages and meatballs, and then you can actually put colors on extinct animals.” Once you know the shape of the melanosomes in a fossil, you can learn all sorts of things about the animal.
1. What is the new discovery about nonavian dinosaurs?A.They had gray and brown scales. | B.They had colorful patterned feathers. |
C.They had interesting behavior patterns | D.They had various patterns on their scales. |
A.Fossilized bacteria | B.Dinosaurs’ scales | C.Fossilized ink | D.Melanosomes |
A.By working with fishermen. |
B.By studying previous research. |
C.By coloring a squid-like animal. |
D.By comparing a squid’s ink and fossilized ink. |
A.To explain the shape of fossilized bacteria. |
B.To show how melanosomes form in animals. |
C.To explain what decides the colors of animals. |
D.To show how melanosomes survive the fossilization process. |
8 . Alarming reports that the Antarctic ice sheet is becoming smaller misrepresent the facts. The ice sheet holds about 26.5 million gigatons(十亿吨)of water. If it were to melt(融化)completely, sea levels would rise 190 feet. Such a change is an issue for the far future, if it comes at all.
Much more modest ice loss is normal in Antarctica. Each year, some 2,200 gigatons of the ice is discharged(消融), while snowfall adds almost the same amount. The difference between the discharge and addition each year is the annual loss. That figure has been increasing, from 40 gigatons a year in the 1980s to 250 gigatons a year in the 2010s. But the increase is just a slight change in a complex process. If it continued at that rate, the sea level would be raised by 3 inches over 100 years.
Many fear that a warming globe could increase discharge and cause more rapid sea-level rise. Two recent studies focus on this issue. Researchers in the study of Thwaites Glacier(冰川)—an unusually broad and fast Antarctic glacier—infer that in the past it became smaller for half a year at more than twice the fastest rate ever observed. The cause of this specific event remains unknown, partly because the time of the rapid melting hasn’t yet been determined. But the media goes with this angle: “A ‘doomsday(末日)glacier’, the size of Florida, is breaking faster than thought.”
A second study tested the idea that the melted freshwater could be carried by currents to speed up the discharge of nearby glaciers. Researchers constructed a special model to prove their idea. If ocean currents can connect the discharges of distant glaciers, that would add to the complexity in the Antarctic ice sheet. To emphasize their idea, researchers used human influences almost three times larger. Even though that fact is stated in the paper, reporters rarely catch such nuance, and the media goes with headlines such as “a massive tsunami would drown New York City, killing millions.” A more accurate headline would read: “Ocean currents connecting Antarctic glaciers might quicken their melting.”
These two studies were conducted with clever methods to infer past conditions and advanced computer modeling to show possible situations. These papers describe the science with appropriate precision and caution, but it is a shame that the media misrepresents the research to raise alarm. That denies the public the right to make informed decisions about “climate action,” as well as the opportunity to be amazed at the science itself.
1. What does the author think of the annual loss of the Antarctic ice sheet?
A.It’s a danger. | B.It’s limited. |
C.It changes significantly. | D.It decreases yearly. |
A.Both studies constructed new models. |
B.The Thwaites Glacier melts faster than expected. |
C.The complexity of the ocean speeds up the discharge of glaciers. |
D.Neither the reason nor the time of the Thwaites Glacier’s melting is known. |
A.deny the obvious facts | B.pay attention to the difference |
C.evaluate the details | D.are serious about the warning |
A.Antarctic glaciers melting makes sea level rise greatly. |
B.Recent studies on the melting ice call for people’s action. |
C.Reports of the media on Antarctic glaciers mislead the public. |
D.The researches about the glaciers melting raise public awareness. |
9 . The bald eagle was once a dying species in the United States. This is because the bird wasn’t always held with respect. At the National Book Festival, author Jack E. Davis detailed the bald eagle’s “great conservation success story”.
The bald eagle has faced extinction twice. The first occurred in the late 19th century. “It was then that a bald eagle seen was one to be shot,” he said. He explained that the bird had been regarded as a dangerous animal, and considered a threat. But such threat tended to be overstated. Throughout the early 20th century, thousands of bald eagles were shot down. Things began to change for the bird in 1940, when the government passed its legal protection — the Bald Eagle Protection Act.
However, only five years later, the bird faced its second near extinction when DDT, an environmentally harmful insecticide (杀虫剂), was introduced at the end of World War Ⅱ. In 1963, the bald eagle hit its lowest number — totaling less than 500 nesting pairs across the U.S. “At that time, only about one-third of the nation’s water was safe for swimming and fishing,” Davis said. “That was eagle habitat, but also our habitat.” “We stepped up.” He mentioned that this situation led a nonprofit organization, Fish and Wildlife, to launch “hugely successful” eagle protection projects.
By 2007, the bald eagle was removed from the list as the species regained its health, reaching nearly 11,000 nesting pairs nationwide, and today’s number is somewhere around 500,000.
For those looking to assist in the ongoing comeback of the bald eagle and other endangered animals, Davis said, almost every state has a center that accepts donations and welcomes visitors and volunteers.
1. What made the bald eagle almost extinct for the first time?A.The illegal hunting. | B.The loose control of guns. |
C.The attack from other animals. | D.The misunderstanding of their threat. |
A.The outbreak of World War II. | B.The overuse of DDT nationwide. |
C.The disappearance of eagle habitat. | D.The worsening of eagles’ living condition. |
A.To tell a story of a dying species. |
B.To advertise the book of Jack E. Davis. |
C.To raise the awareness of protecting wildlife. |
D.To introduce the ways of protecting bald eagles. |
Being a marine researcher is something that I’ve always dreamed of. I work with a team of scientists,