1 . Imagine being able to pop to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right? For residents of Andernach, German, it’s not just a dream—it’s their reality.
In 2010, Andernach began its edible(可食用的)city project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. The town’s motto of sorts is “Picking is encouraged—help yourself!” Every year a new type of plant is highlighted. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties.
It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialise as well as to learn about planting, cultivating and harvesting food.
An Andernach resident spoke to DW,“I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is that you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!”
Andernach may have been the first in German, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, a project funded by European Union to connect green urban foot initiatives around the world. Other cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and Sempeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr Ina Saumel, principal investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it “a unique opportunity to invite researchers of edible city solutions and practitioners to the same table.”
Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to give people “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities.” It is a response to the pressures of global climate change, and a significant cause full of hope.
1. What can residents do in public green spaces according to the edible city project?A.Sell the produce they grow there. |
B.Learn knowledge about planting. |
C.Grow whatever plant as they like. |
D.Pay to pick some vegetables there. |
A.Novel and popular. | B.Creative and costly. |
C.Common and fundamental. | D.Rare and unacceptable. |
A.Andernach is the only city to carry it out. |
B.European Union originally established it. |
C.It helps combine theories with practices. |
D.It invites people to share meals together. |
A.To help residents relieve their pressure. |
B.To involve residents in urban planting. |
C.To increase the produce supply in cities. |
D.To create environmentally friendly cities. |
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3 . Dormice (睡鼠), which prefer to sleep in the holes of old trees, are losing their tree holes. Centuries of wood harvesting have exterminated many of dormice from countries such as Poland, Belarus, Latvia, and Lithuania. But one temporary solution is helping.
“We have to keep this connection between dormice and the forest,” says Tadas Bujanauskas, senior ecologist at Lithuania’s Neris Regional Park, “because if we let this go, it’s hard to get back.” Neris Regional Park’s dormouse nest box and conservation program began in 2005 as part of a sustainable forestry certification with the Forest Stewardship Council, based in Bonn, Germany. So far, park staff have installed 250 nest boxes throughout the park’s dense, old-growth oak forests.
A dormouse nest box resembles a standard birdhouse tied to a tree trunk. There’s enough space between the trunk and the entrance hole for the rodents, such as rabbits, to move in and out of their artificial lairs (巢穴), but so little that it’s difficult for predators such as owls to attack.
Best of all, nest boxes bring the previously mysterious creatures within reach for scientists. By placing cameras in nest boxes, researchers can check in on the animal whenever they want. As a result, they’ve logged all kinds of ecological data, such as sex, weight, birth rates, and diet of the houses’ inhabitants.
In addition to monitoring nest boxes, Bujanauskas and his colleagues seek out and protect individual trees that could provide habitat for dormice and other species in the future.
The U.K. has placed more than 26,000 nest boxes over 30 years to boost their hazel dormice population, which has fallen by 51 percent since 2000, according to Ian White, the dormouse training officer for the nonprofit People’s Trust For Endangered Species.
“Dormice are cute and they’re a nice animal to work with,” White says, “if we get the habitat right for them, it can actually benefit a broad range of other species.”
1. What does the underlined word “exterminated” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Wiped out. | B.Popped up. |
C.Let down. | D.Put away. |
A.They are installed by ecologists. |
B.The U.K. has the most nest boxes on earth. |
C.They offered an easier way to study dormice. |
D.Dormice take birdhouses as their own nest boxes. |
A.Living in harmony with dormice. | B.Protecting the habitat of dormice. |
C.Installing more nest boxes for dormice. | D.Finding places more suitable for dormice. |
A.Health and Lifestyle. | B.Sports and Entertainment. |
C.Nature and Science. | D.Education and Art. |
4 . A monsoon(季风)refers to a seasonal shift in the atmospheric circulation because of irregular heating of the sea and the land. For the most part, the term is used to describe the rainy period of a season. However, there is also a dry period associated with the term. Half of the world’s population live in areas affected by Asian monsoons, but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.
Every summer, moist(潮湿的)air masses, known as monsoon, produce large quantities of rainfall in India, East Asia, Indonesia, Northern Australia and East Africa, which are pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south.
According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area date back to 1950, too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years travelling across Asia searching for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings(年轮)or circles, inside the trunks of thousands of ancient trees at more than 300 sites.
Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document — a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas(地图集). It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.
Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry conditions. “If the monsoon basically fails or is very weak one year, the trees affected by the monsoon at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the tree chronology(年表)that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability. ” Armed with such a sweeping set of data, researchers say they now can begin to refine(提炼)climate computer models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.
“There has been widespread starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding,” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist who is with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s paleoclimate(古气候)branch studying weather patterns over the history of the Earth. “So, to get a knowledge of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.”
1. What’s the passage mainly about?A.The achievements of Edward Cook. | B.The necessity of weather forecast. |
C.A breakthrough in monsoon prediction. | D.The effects of Asian monsoons. |
A.it is hard to keep long-term climate records |
B.they are formed under complex climate systems |
C.they influence many nations |
D.there is heavy rainfall in Asia |
A.offer people information about the regional climate |
B.have a great influence on the regional climate |
C.determine the regional climate |
D.reflect all kinds of regional climate information |
A.It will help people prevent droughts and floods. |
B.It should include information about human life in the past. |
C.It has analyzed moisture models worldwide. |
D.It is a great achievement in climate science. |
Already famous at home, now China’s wandering elephants are becoming international stars. Major global media are recording
The fifteen elephants
Asian elephants, the continent’s largest land animal, are
6 . In the far North, fire season usually doesn’t start until June, when snow has melted away and summer lightning storms sweep into the region. So scientist Sander Veraverbeke was confused when in May of 2016 he saw little patches of fire on some satellite images from Alaska and the Northwest Territories.
“I was like, what the hell is going on?” says Veraverbeke, an Earth scientist at the Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
What he saw on the satellite images were “zombie fires,” remains of burns from the previous year that somehow stayed alive, smoldering underground, through the long, cold winter.
Zombie fires aren’t an entirely new phenomenon in the Arctic; fire managers have noted occasional flare-ups in past decades. But Veraverbeke’s team found that their occurrences are tightly linked to climate change, happening more often after hot, long summers with lots of fire and suggesting that these still-rare events could become more frequent.
“The sheer fact that this is happening is evidence for how quickly the region is changing,” he says.
Like all forests, the wooded stretches of the Arctic sometimes catch on fire. But unlike many forests in the mid-latitudes, which thrive on or even require fire to preserve their health, Arctic forests have evolved to burn only infrequently.
Climate change is reshaping that mode. In the first decade of the new millennium, fires burned 50 percent more acreage each year in the Arctic, on average, than any decade in the 1900s. Between 2010 and 2020, burned acreage continued to creep up, particularly in Alaska, which had its second worst fire year ever in 2015 and another bad one in 2019. Scientists have found that fire frequency today is higher than at any time since the formation of boreal (北极的) forests some 3,000 years ago, and potentially higher than at any point in the last 10,000 years.
1. Why did Sander Veraverbeke feel puzzled?A.Because he saw something unusual from some newspaper pictures. |
B.Because he didn’t realize there were zombie fires in the Arctic. |
C.Because the fires started burning earlier than he previously expected. |
D.Because there was much snow in Alaska and the Northwest Territories. |
A.Burning | B.Releasing | C.Exploding | D.Weakening |
A.They play a role in preserving the forests. |
B.Zombie fires are a new discovery of Sander Veraverbeke. |
C.Zombie fires tend to happen after hot summers with lots of fire. |
D.They burned 50 percent of the area in the Arctic between 2000 and 2010. |
A.To help readers learn about the Arctic. | B.To show concern about climate change. |
C.To call on people to control zombie fires. | D.To warn readers of the dangers of zombie fires. |
7 . Most people don’t think much about the food scraps (残羹剩饭) they throw away; however, researchers in Tokyo have developed a new method to reduce food waste by recycling deserted fruit and vegetable scraps into strong construction materials.
Worldwide industrial and household food waste amounts to hundreds of billions of pounds per year, a large proportion of which consists of edible scraps, like fruit and vegetable peels. This unsustainable practice is both costly and environmentally unfriendly, so researchers have been searching for new ways to recycle these organic materials into useful products.
“Our goal was to use seaweed and common food scraps to construct materials that were at least as strong as concrete,” explains Yuya Sakai, the senior author of the study.
The researchers borrowed a “heat pressing” concept that is typically used to make construction materials from wood powder, except they used vacuum-dried, pulverized food scraps, such as seaweed, cabbage leaves, and orange, onion, pumpkin, and banana peels as the component powders. The processing technique involved mixing the food powder with water and seasonings, and then pressing the mixture into a mold at high temperature. The researchers tested the bending strength of the resulting materials and monitored their taste, smell, and appearance.
“With the exception of the sample from pumpkin, all of the materials exceeded our bending strength target,” says Kota Machida, a senior collaborator. “We also found that Chinese cabbage leaves, which produced a material over three times stronger than concrete, could be mixed with the weaker pumpkin-based material to provide effective reinforcement.”
Given that food waste is a global financial burden and environmental concern, it is crucial to develop methods for recycling food scraps. Using these substances to prepare materials that are strong enough for construction projects, but also maintain their edible nature and taste, opens the door to a wide range of creative applications from the one technology.
1. Why do the researchers search for new ways to recycle organic materials?A.Because they want to reduce waste and preserve the environment. |
B.Because they want to make a fortune by recycling the food waste. |
C.Because the construction of strong material needs much food waste. |
D.Because the amount of food waste is too large to store at the moment. |
A.Press food scraps into powder. | B.Improve the strength of Chinese cabbage. |
C.Mix food powder with seasonings. | D.Press the food powder at high temperature. |
A.Food Scraps Are Stronger Than Concrete | B.Throw Away Food Scraps —A New Waste |
C.Buildings With Food Scraps —A New Trend | D.Turn Food Scraps Into Construction Materials |
A.A food report. | B.A biography book. |
C.A recipe book. | D.A science magazine. |
8 . When the monthly electricity bill came home, parents always couldn’t believe their eyes, as the amount was much more than needed.
Switch off the lights. Assign one day in a week for a “turn off” practice, for a few hours. Tell the kids the significance of using less electricity and how it impacts the environment.
Use energy-efficient transportation. When parents and their children are out on vacation, have a cycling outing. When the whole family rides bicycles together, it not only serves as a great bonding exercise, but it also teaches the children about eco-friendly transportation options.
Play a game.
A.Watch an environmental film. |
B.Talk with children about their opinions. |
C.Play some games related to environmental protection. |
D.Lecturing kids about environmental issues won’t help. |
E.It makes them aware of the environmental effect of cars. |
F.Light up some candles and play a board game to keep the children occupied. |
G.So parents should urge their children to take up environment -friendly projects. |
9 . As climate change becomes severe summer after summer, millions of people are finding themselves covered in wildfire smoke, including those in North America just this past month. It is bad for our health. It is also really disturbing, but we don’t talk about that as much.
We often use the terms “atmosphere” or climate” to refer to the mood of a situation. We use metaphors (比喻) to describe affective states, such as “feeling under the weather” or “on cloud nine”. Such language suggests that we understand that human emotions are intimately related to the atmospheric phenomena. Yet rarely do we pay attention to the ways we feel climate change.
But wildfire smoke shows how affective climate change can be. For example, wildfire smoke is often referred to using emotional phrases such as “air of dread”. Through living with the smoke and the panic it generates, we can think more carefully about the ways we experience climate change, and crucially, why and how we need to respond to it.
We often think of climate change impacts as far away, separate from our bodies, because science typically uses global representations and statistical information. But wildfire smoke spreads and pollutes our bodies, and indeed, crosses many other boundaries; it drifts from rural areas into big cities; and it crosses state and national borders with ease. Of course, some borders are more permeable (渗透的), and some bodies more sensitive to the smoke.
Through its ability to pass through and become part of our very being, wildfire smoke is closer in nature to the air pollution we normally think of as one of the causes of climate change. Wildfire smoke is both an impact and a cause of climate change. It explains the nature of climate change impacts and the self-reinforcing (自我强化) feedback circles that can, and may, lead to the planet warming itself independent of human actions.
1. What can we learn about people’s reaction to climate change?A.They are curious about it. |
B.They take it very seriously. |
C.They feel powerless about it. |
D.They pay little attention to it. |
A.Closely. | B.Naturally. |
C.Certainly. | D.Unexpectedly. |
A.It allows people to sense climate change. |
B.It does great harm to people’s health. |
C.It influences people’s mood. |
D.It attracts scientists’ deep concerns worldwide. |
A.Why Smoke from Wildfires Harms Us |
B.How We Can Observe Climate Change |
C.What Smoke from Wildfires Can Teach Us |
D.What We Can Do to Avoid Smoke from Wildfires |
10 . Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of the country’s persistent problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use liners (活衬里) from old coats to line the insides.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and portable,” Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and it created 110 sleeping bags last December.
Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita — whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago to live a better life — and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of saving bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty are often closely related. As Oleita told hourdetroit.com: “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The final goal of Chip Bag Project. | B.The basic rules of Chip Bag Project. |
C.The main work of Chip Bag Project. | D.The significance of Chip Bag Project. |
A.It is only made of old coats. | B.It is easy to carry around. |
C.It has the function of heating. | D.It is the same size as 150 bags. |
A.Making sleeping bags is easier than buying new ones. |
B.Poverty and environmental problems go hand in hand. |
C.Making sleeping bags is the best way to help the homeless. |
D.Environmental problems have little impact on the homeless. |
A.Caring and creative. | B.Brave and optimistic. |
C.Honest and determined. | D.Talented and easy-going |