1 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Pam Bales left her car and stepped onto the snow-covered Jewell Trail. She planned a six-hour hike through New Hampshire’s Mount Washington State Park. The hike up the lower part of Jewell was pleasant. At 8:30 am, still below the tree line, she took the first in a series of on-the-trail selfies.

Less than an hour later, she took another photo, after she’d climbed into colder air and deeper snows. She made her way across the snow-covered ridge toward Mount Washington. Then she noticed something: a single set of footprints in the snow ahead of her. She’d been following faint tracks all day and hadn’t given them much thought, because so many people climb Jewell Trail. But these, she realized, had been made by a pair of trainers, not suitable for hiking on snow.

By 11 am, Bales was getting cold and decided to abandon her plan. The only thing keeping Bales on Gulfside Trail was the trainer tracks in the sonw. As she fought the wind and heavy sleet (雨夹雪), the tracks made a hard left-hand turn off the trail.

Now she alarmed. She was sure the hiker could get through in the ow visibility and was heading straight toward the challenging trails of the Great Gulf Wilderness. Bales stood there, stunned. The temperature and clouds were in a race to find their lowest point, and darkness was mere hours away. She turned to the left and called out, “Hello!” into the frozen fog.

Nothing. She called out again: “Is anybody out there? Do you need help?”

The strong westerly winds carried her voice away. She blew into her rescue whistle. For a fleeting moment she thought she heard someone reply, but it was just the wind playing games with her mind. She stood listening, then turned and walked cautiously in the direction of the single set of tracks. Bales followed the tracks cautiously for 20 to 30 meters. She rounded a slight corner and saw a man sitting motionless.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

When she approached him and said hello, he did not react.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After waking the man up, Bales recognized that they had to get out of there soon.

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2 . The latest data shows the population of wild Asian elephants in southwest China’s Yunnan Province has increased from around 150 to more than 300 from the 1980s to the end of 2021, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.

With the growth in the elephant population, conflicts between humans and elephants have become frequent. In order to fundamentally and peacefully solve the issue and protect the elephant’s habitat at the same time, construction of the Asian elephant National Park is picking up speed. Experts suggest that national parks are not meant to be entirely free of people. Instead, they should offer a method for coexistence.

Asian elephants play an important role as engineers of the rainforest, said the expert. Their migration(迁徙) can speed up the replacement of forest ecosystems along the way. Elephant waste remains not only a delicacy for insects, but also attracts insectivorous birds, allowing plant seeds to spread. Therefore, protecting the elephants and their habitats guarantees the shelter to other wildlife in forest ecosystems.

To cope with human-elephant conflicts, Yunnan took the lead in introducing a commercial insurance model into its compensation(补偿) system: local residents will be paid with the amount of money for the crops destroyed by the elephants by the insurance company. In the past 10 years, Yunnan has paid a total of 173 million yuan for losses caused by Asian elephants.

“The standard of compensation is constantly being adjusted, and the amount of insurance coverage for compensation is also increasing,” said Yang Hua from the Forestry and Grass Bureau of Yunnan Province. “At present, the insured amount in Pu’er City and Xishuangbanna Prefecture alone has already gone beyond 50 million.”

1. Why does the author mention the growing population of wild Asian elephants?

A．To promote a better environment.

B．To introduce a possible crisis.

C．To applaud the efforts of the government.

D．To stress the importance of the elephants.

2. What does the underlined word “insectivorous” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Feeding on insects.	B．Driving away insects.
C．Letting go of insects.	D．Keeping track of insects.

3. What has been done to tackle conflicts between elephants and humans?

A．Construction of undisturbed national parks.

B．Support of Asian elephants’ migration.

C．Constant adjustment of insurance policies.

D．Guarantee of the shelter to other wildlife.

4. What might be the best title?

A．Asian elephants, engineers of the rainforest

B．Insurance adjusted, compensation increased

C．Population of wild Asian elephants shoots up in China

D．China explores solutions to achieve human-elephant harmony

3 . My grandma passed away last week. My mum began the painful yet necessary task of sorting through her belongings.

“Is there anything you want from grandma’s flat?” Mum texted me.

“Her aloe (芦荟), please.” I required zero thinking time.

Sometime around 1975, Grandma, always believing good things would happen in the future, received this plant as a gift, which she appreciated and placed in her doorway. It came from the local butcher. Five years later, my mum married the butcher’s son and had me. Grandma revealed to me this particular plant was a living relationship between the two families. And so was I.

Recently, whenever we visited Grandma’s flat, I attempted to fix this concept in my children’s minds. “That was a gift your great-grandma bought your other great-grandma! It’s older than me!” Then my kids would nod and ask Grandma for a sweet.

Numerous times, Grandma gave me cuttings or clippings of the plant, hoping I might raise my own and continue the legend. Yet, every time, my new branch died with my awful gardening skills. But that didn’t used to matter, because I could turn to Grandma, who would wait and accept my disturbance without becoming upset. Then I got another clipping and tried again. But now I can’t. So, I decided that the plant will go and live with Ann, my mother-in-law, who is a genius with a greenhouse.

The plan is for Ann to keep hold of the original plant. In time, she can teach me how to deal with its cuttings properly, and then maybe one day I can settle the plant in my place.

In the meantime, Ann will allocate (分配) clippings among my relatives, as Grandma used to do. My wife’s two sisters, for example, are both better at tending plants than I am, so it is quite imaginable they, too, will offer cuttings of the plant to their partners, spreading this loving plant across my entire extended family.

1. Why did the author want his grandma’s aloe?

A．He wanted to pass it down to others.	B．He showed a preference for gardening.
C．He had a pleasant memory of the plant.	D．He received it as a gift from his grandma.

2. Which of the following best describes the author’s grandma?

A．Optimistic and patient.

B．Generous and helpful.

C．Honest and fashionable.

D．Humorous and skillful.

3. The author took the aloe to his mother-in-law to

A．display his skills in gardening	B．have the plant better cared for
C．announce his grandma’s death	D．protect the plant from dying out

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Aloe: my family bond	B．Aloe: a mysterious plant
C．Grandma: my life coach	D．Grandma: a lovely gardener

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With the Chinese New Year less than a month away, people are getting ready to welcome the Year of the Tiger.

Do you know anyone born in the Year of the Tiger? Are they always independent and    1     (energy)? Do they have a keen sense of justice? If so, then they are typical “tiger”. They like to act alone and always seem to have endless energy. When    2     (face) with justices,     3     against themselves or others, you can be sure Tigers will not stand aside.

In Chinese culture, tigers are regarded as fearless creatures, so that's     4     in China you can see images of tigers on the walls of temples and houses to ward off disasters and danger.

Tigers have     5     important cultural significance not just in China, but across Asia. In the book Life of Pie, Canadian writer Yann Martel chose a tiger as the partner for Indian boy Pi on his     6     (survive) adventure in the Pacific Ocean.

Tigers are also one of my favorite animals. I first     7     (learn) about the beauty of tigers as a child, while     8     (watch) animal documents. My most precious toy while growing up was my toy tiger,     9     I still treasure dearly to this day. I love it that China has its animal zodiac system as it shows the connection, understanding and respect that humans can have     10     animals.

5 . Lots of animals live and move in groups--elephants in herds, wolves in packs, birds in flocks, and fish in schools. Research has shown that where an individual is located in the group can affect the benefits it gets from hanging out in a crowd. However, Shaun Killen, an ecophysiologist at the University of Glasgow in the UK says, researchers haven’t yet fully explored the role of physiological processes such as digestion in driving animals’ collective behavior.

Killen and his colleagues recently studied schools of Eurasian minnows (修鱼) swimming in a tank against a current. Pieces of food were constantly moving past the fish, and the team recorded how many each minnow ate and the fishes’ positions before and after eating. After calculating the metabolic (新陈代谢的) costs of digesting each fish’s meal and comparing it to the fish’s position ,the team observed a trend: fish that had just gulped down a big meal moved to the back of the school, even when they’d swum at the front at most other times.

“It makes sense that feeding would influence individuals’ positions in a group,” says DamienFarine, who studies collective behavior in birds at the University of Konstanz in Germany, “If a fish is hungry, it’s competing with others in the school to eat, and being at the front gives it access to more food. But once the fish is full, it doesn’t necessarily need to be at the front.” In addition,“being at the back of the group is less energetically costly for a range of reasons,” Farine notes.” An individual at the back doesn’t have to contribute to navigating, and by relaxing the brain load it saves more energy.”

Killen says he’s been thinking about the pros and cons of being at the back of the pack, such as protection from attackers and a boost from schoolmates’ slipstream. Changes in position, especially during the basic trade -off between feeding and movement, appear to influence group leadership ,information transfer, and group decision making. But the consequences of the trade-offs for group power and survival are not yet understood.

1. What does Killen and his colleagues’ study focus on?

A．How behavioral traits influence position change of individuals in fish schools.

B．How location influences nutrition states of individuals in fish schools.

C．How digestion influences distribution of individuals in fish schools.

D．How location influences benefits of individuals in fish schools.

2. What do the underlined words “gulped down” mean in Paragraph 2?

A．Swallowed.

B．Located.

C．Witnessed.

D．Missed.

3. What can we learn from Paragraph3?

A．A full fish competes to eat at the back.

B．A hungry fish has easier access to more food.

C．Being at the back saves the energy of a full fish.

D．Being at the front costs a hungry fish less energy.

4. What is Shaun Killen’s attitude to his study?

A．Cautious.

B．Confident.

C．Positive.

D．Disappointed.

6 . Humans have always assumed that there is a huge gulf between animal behavior and human development. However, recent research into animals shows that animals are continuously designing innovative methods to finish their tasks. Examining the nature and results of their creativity can help us understand evolution.

Research shows that animals too can be creative. By inventing new behavioral patterns and adjusting their behavior to new contexts, as well as to changes in social and ecological environments, researchers show that animal innovation too can be diverse. For instance, chimpanzees (猩猩) use tools such as sharp spines and stalks to remove the hearts of palm vegetables from trees. Herring gulls (鲜鱼海鸥) found out quite a cruel way of killing rabbits-drowning them in the sea.

Innovative species tend to survive when they enter new places, but novel behavior cannot be recognized unless “normal” behavior is studied. Researchers can now count and document the innovations that have been created by species, which would help them to quantify their creativity. Studies also show us that all animals are not equally inventive, with primates (灵长目动物) tending to be more innovative due to their bigger brains.

The greatest scientific significance has been the innovation shown by animals such as apes, capuchins and macaques among primates. These species of primates possess the biggest brains in proportion to their body sizes. They are also heavy tool users. Their broad diets and complex forms of learning are also insightful. They indicate an evolutionary strategy that gave them new solutions to life’s challenges.

However, even if these animals show innovativeness, they do not have the ability to improve upon solutions of others. Unless they share information accurately and copy each other’s inventions. their creative inventions are likely to vanish before they can be innovated further. This ability can be managed only by humans, for we are able to build on shared knowledge.

1. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the first paragraph mean?

A．Difference.

B．Conflict.

C．Balance.

D．Connection.

2. Why does the author mention “chimpanzees” and “Herring gulls” in Paragraph 2?

A．They are both creative.

B．They are both heavy tool users.

C．They create innovations in different ways.

D．They kill other animals in the same cruel way.

3. What can we learn about animal creativity?

A．It is equally distributed among animals.

B．It helps animals adapt to the environment.

C．Animals’ innovations are easy to be identified.

D．Animals’ innovations are facing huge challenges.

4. What aspect of animals does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Their ability to share information accurately.

B．Their willingness to learn from each other.

C．Their inability to take creativity forward.

D．Their unwillingness to cooperate effectively.

7 . About 20 years ago, some 15,000 red pandas wandered the treetops of the Himalaya forests in South Asia. But with the large number of people entering their habitats, these shy and solitary (独处的) creatures can’t meet each other and reproduce. Now the population has declined by more than 50 percent.

To save the red pandas here, Lama and his research team need to know which parts of the forests the remaining pandas are living in. That’s where the tracking devices come in. “Mapping the path they travel will let us know which areas of the forest need to be reforested to connect the most red pandas to one another,” Lama says.

Because red pandas can be hard to spot and catch, no one had ever used GPS collars to study them in the wild. But Lama and his team had a great plan. They first would make sure the animals would be comfortable wearing the collars. So, they tested the collars on two red pandas in a local zoo. “We convinced them to let us measure their necks and fit them with the collars by letting them choose a reward — grapes, apples, or bananas.” Lama says.

Then came the next challenge: catching red pandas. Once they spotted a red panda, a team of vets set up a tall, fence-like tarp (油布) around the base of the tree with a box trap at the bottom. That way when the red panda climbed down the tree surrounded by the tarp, it had no choice but to enter the trap. It was then quickly controlled, collared and released.

From September to December 2019, the team trapped 10 red pandas — six females and four males. Their collars recorded their location every two hours and sent the information to researchers once a day. Over the next year, the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.

1. What has led to the smaller number of red pandas in South Asia?

A．Their normal lives are badly disturbed.

B．They aren’t adapted to living in groups.

C．Their ability to reproduce is weakened.

D．They try to avoid meeting each other.

2. Why did the research team track the movements of red pandas?

A．To study their living behaviors.

B．To protect them from hunters.

C．To know where to plant forests.

D．To find if they can often meet.

3. How did the research team convince red pandas to wear collars?

A．By offering them treats.	B．By using traps.
C．By setting tarps.	D．By measuring their necks.

4. What does this passage mainly talk about?

A．The research on red pandas’ reproduction.

B．The clever way to keep track of red pandas.

C．The shrinking population of red pandas.

D．The way of building habitats for red pandas.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Mount Wutai, or Qingliang Shan, located in northeastern Shanxi province, China, is home to many of China’s most important temples. It takes its name     1     its unusual topography (地形), consisting of five rounded peaks (North, South, East, West, Central), of     2     the North peak, called Beitai Ding or Yedou Feng, is the highest.

Mount Wutai is one of the Four Sacred Mountains in Chinese Buddhism. Each of the four mountains     3       (view) as the abode (道场) of one of the four great bodhisattvas (菩萨). Wutai is the home of the bodhisattva of     4     (wise), Wenshu in Chinese.

Mount Wutai is also home to some of the oldest existent wooden buildings in China that    5     (survive) since the era of the Tang Dynasty (618- 907). This includes the main hall of Nanchan Temple and the East Hall of Foguang Temple, which were built in 782 and 857     6     (respective). They were discovered in 1937 and 1938 by a team of people, including the famous early 20^th-century    7     (history) Liang Sicheng.

    8     architectural design of these buildings has since been studied by leading experts in traditional Chinese architecture such as Nancy Steinhardt. Steinhardt classified these buildings according to the hall types featured in the Yingzao Fashi Chinese building manual (手册)    9    (write) in the 12th century. Her classification helped a lot in convincing UNESCO    10    Mount Wutai is worthy of a place in its heritage site.

9 . The UNESCO World Heritage List is a prestigious honour awarded to sites of outstanding universal value around the world. Did you know there are 1,157 UNESCO World Heritage Sites spanning across 167 countries? We’ve picked out our top 4 for you to visit below.

The Acropolis, Greece

The Acropolis is an ancient castle that stands proud in the Greek city of Athens. Back in the fifth century BC after battle with the Persians, the plans of Pericles came to life under the influence of Pheidias, the sculptor. It then became a place for thought and art to flourish, where symbols of classical spirit and civilisation came alive.

Historic centre of Rome, Italy

According to Roman mythology, the Eternal City was founded in 753 BC and became the capital of the mighty Roman Empire. Rome is home to a number of attractions including the Forum, the Pantheon and the Colosseum! This World Heritage site contains the whole historic centre within the city walls and reflects the influence of the Renaissance and Baroque periods in making it one of Italy’s most popular cities.

Ayutthaya Historical Park, Thailand

The historic city of Ayutthaya in Thailand was founded around 1350 and was subsequently destroyed in the 18th century by the Burmese. What’s left today is the ruins and some key highlights include the Buddhist temples of Wat Ratchaburana, Wat Mahathat and Wat Phra Sri Sanphet. The area is home to the remains of tall prang (reliquary towers) and should not be missed.

Cultural landscape of Bali, Indonesia

The landscape in Bali is unlike anything else on Earth. Consisting of five rice terraces (梯田) and water temples covering 19,500 hectares, the cultural landscape takes your breath away. This site gains honour through an ancient farming ceremony dating back to the 9th century known as subak. This concept reflects the spirit, the human world and nature, also known as Tri Hita Karana.

1. What might have happened in Greece in the 5th century BC?

A．Greece became famous for its castles.	B．Pheidias became a sculptor.
C．Greece fought against Persians.	D．The Greek spirit disappeared.

2. What is subak?

A．A rice terrace.

B．A cultural landscape.

C．A water temple.

D．An agricultural ceremony.

3. Which of the following has the longest history?

A．The Acropolis.

B．The Eternal City.

C．Ayutthaya.

D．Tri Hita Karana.

10 . A handful of healthy soil could contain great numbers of living organisms. However, poisonous pesticides (杀虫剂) are causing harm and destruction to them, according to a recent analysis.

For the analysis, researchers looked through nearly 400 published studies including over 2,800 experiments on how pesticides affect soil organisms. They found that pesticides harmed organisms critical to maintaining healthy soils, but these harms have never been considered in the safety reviews of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).Poisonous pesticides are driving factors in the sharp decline of many soil organisms, such as ground beetles. They have been identified as the most significant driver of soil biodiversity loss in the last ten years.

However, that research has always been ignored. The EPA, which is responsible for pesticide supervision(监管)in the country, openly acknowledges that somewhere between 50 and 100 percent of all agriculturally applied pesticides end up on the soil. Yet, to assess pesticides’ harms to soil species, the agency just uses a single test species, the European honeybee, to estimate risk to all soil organisms. It spends its entire life above ground in artificial boxes.

Worse still, as soil health gain popularity globally, pesticide companies have jumped up to green wash and promote their products. Every major company is now advertising its role in improving soil health, such as advocating planting cover crops. As general beliefs, these practices are indeed good for soil health and, if adopted responsibly, are a great step to take. But companies know that these practices are often accompanied by increased pesticide use. Chemicals and pesticides have to be applied more frequently to kill weeds before crops are planted.

The long-term environmental cost can no longer be overlooked. Soils are some of the most complex ecosystems on Earth, containing nearly a quarter of the planet’s biodiversity. Protecting them should be a priority, not an afterthought.

1. What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 2?

A．Soil organisms.	B．Ground beetles.
C．Artificial boxes.	D．Poisonous pesticides.

2. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．The honeybee is a typical species living in nature.

B．The assessment of pesticides’ harms is one-sided.

C．Less than half of applied pesticide go to the soil eventually.

D．The EPA attaches great importance to pesticide inspection.

3. Why do pesticide companies advocate planting cover crops?

A．To obey the EPA’s rules.

B．To increase their product sales.

C．To protect the environment.

D．To shoulder their social responsibility.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Soil: essential to agriculture.

B．Pesticides: harmful to soil health.

C．Organisms: significant to harvest.

D．Pollution: destructive to biodiversity.