1 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

During the World Elephant Day on Thursday, Chinese and foreign experts gathered in one online forum(论坛)     1     ( discuss) ways to protect elephants better based on the migration(迁徙) of 15 wild elephants in Southwest China's Yunnan Province. This shows how Chinese people care about the    2     ( protect) of these giant friends.

The 15 wild Asian elephants among    3     one male turned back in July finally returned to their habitat after touring for 17 months in Yunnan Province. The case was taken by the experts as a    4     ( success) example on how to protect and guide the migration of wild elephants.

Zhou Jinfeng, Secretary of the China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation, mentioned an idea which focused    5     helping wild animals survive by     6     (reduce) the harm to nature and wildlife in our daily lives.

Zhang Chenglin, Deputy Director of the Beijing Zoo，who introduced some measures taken by Chinese zoos to take good care of elephants,     7     (say) that there were around 150 elephants living in zo0s around China.

“    8     ( human) and animals share nature. To protect elephants     9     (be) to protect our planet. Hope we can work with other countries to protect wild animals."     10     woman wrote on Sina Weibo on the World Elephant Day.

2 . 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Global warming is a gradual increase in the earth’s temperature, generally due to the greenhouse effect    1    (cause) by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

Temperatures and sea levels are rising, possibly contributing    2    more storms. The rising has influenced a lot,     3    (result)in a lot of climate problems, and humans are at least partially    4    (blame). Global warming causes climate change,    5    places a serious threat to life on the earth in    6    (vary) forms like widespread flooding and extreme weather. Climate experts    7    (gather) detailed observations of different weather    8    (phenomenon) since the mid-20th and of related influences on climate. Scientists have high confidence    9     global temperatures will continue to rise for decades to come,    10    (large)due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities.

3 . Throughout folktale, tales of shapeshifting creatures, from wolves to vampires, have often spread horror across a variety of cultures. But these physical transformations are not limited to the pages of fiction.

A review article suggests that climate change could be physically altering a variety of species across the planet, as individuals change their shape to suit the rising temperatures across the world. Features such as tails, legs and ears are changing to provide different levels of heat exchange with the environment. Warm-blooded animals tend to have longer ears, tails, and limbs if they live in warmer conditions, compared with similar animals in colder places. The long body parts provide a bigger skin surface that they can use to get rid of extra heat.

While the changes occur across a range of species, they’re not universal across every animal considered. These adaptations may be beneficial in the short to medium term, but as the climate continues to change, animals can not continually adapt. At some point, the trade-off won’t be beneficial anymore, which could lead to population declines and even extinction. So, while a larger beak may be useful for species wanting to lose more heat, if it makes the beak more impractical for feeding then it may end up being more of a disadvantage for the birds. There are also a variety of other ways of controlling body temperature that don’t require changes in body shape, such as behavioral changes like making use of shade and migrating at warmer times of year.

Of course, to some extent we already know what’s needed to limit the emptiness of the future natural world. This includes reducing greenhouse gases; protecting biodiversity; restoring connectivity between habitats; and reducing interrelated threats like pollution and land harvesting. Even species that are close to extinction can be brought back from the edge with enough conservation effort.

1. What’s the function of Paragraph 1?

A．To show the prevalence of shapeshifting creatures.

B．To introduce the topic of animals’ physical changes.

C．To stress the fear caused by shapeshifting creatures.

D．To list examples of shapeshifting creatures in folktales.

2. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is TURE?

A．Animals extend some of their body parts to achieve better cooling effect.

B．Climate change is having a huge impact on almost every species on the earth.

C．Animals transform their physical features to adapt to the drop of temperatures.

D．Warm-blooded animals in colder places are more likely to have longer body parts.

3. Why does the author mention the example of “a larger beak” in Paragraph 3?

A．To warn that some changes in animals’ body parts do no good at all.

B．To indicate that the rising temperatures have caused birds more harm.

C．To introduce behavioral changes as a better way to deal with climate change.

D．To demonstrate the limited or even negative effect of physical transformations.

4. What’s the author’s attitude toward the future of the natural world?

A．Doubtful.

B．Hopeful.

C．Indifferent.

D．Ambiguous.

4 . Rising ocean temperatures killed about 14% of the world’s coral reefs in just under a decade, according to a new analysis from the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network. In other words, the amount of coral lost between 2008 and 2019 equals more than all of the living corals in Australia. The report — the first of its kind since 2008 — found that warming caused by climate change has placed coral reefs under “continuous stress.”

But it also found signs of hope, noting that many of these reefs may be able to recover if immediate action is taken to fight future warming. “People around the world depend on healthy coral reefs and the services they provide for food, entertainment, and protection from storms,” said Jennifer Koss, director of the NOAA’s Coral Reef Conservation Program. “It is possible to reduce the losses we are seeing and save these reefs, but doing so relies on us as a global community making more environmentally friendly decisions in our everyday lives.”

NOAA calls this the largest global analysis of coral reef health ever made: “The analysis used data from nearly two million observations from more than 12,000 collection sites in 73 countries over 40 years (1978 to 2019), representing the work over 300 scientists.” The study identifies “coral bleaching (褪色) events caused by rising sea surface temperatures” as the biggest cause of coral loss.

They also observed some recovery in 2019, with coral reefs regaining 2% of their coral cover. “This suggests that if pressures on these critical ecosystems ease, then coral reefs have the ability to recover, potentially within a decade, to the healthy reefs that were common pre-1998,” reads a GCRMN release. On the other hand, continued warming could cause greater damage. Sharp decreases in coral cover agreed with increases in sea surface temperature, which experts say shows coral’s vulnerability (易受伤害) to the sudden large increases — a phenomenon they say could happen more frequently as the planet continues to warm.

1. What does Jennifer Koss say about the situation of coral reefs?

A．They are dying out.	B．They are sensitive to warming.
C．They have a chance of recovery	D．They have benefited from human beings.

2. Why are lots of data listed in paragraph 3?

A．To show the result of the study.	B．To present the size of the study.
C．To highlight the difficulty of the study	D．To explain the importance of the study.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Constant planet warming damages coral reefs entirely.

B．Coral reefs will recover to the healthy ones within ten years.

C．The phenomenon of coral loss was common before 1998

D．The level of coral cover is a sign of reef health.

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Coral reef protection is being ignored.

B．Climate change is killing the world’s coral reefs.

C．Australia is seeing a rapid loss of coral reefs.

D．Rising ocean temperature is destroying land creatures.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A severe cold wave hit many parts of China over the weekend with heavy snowfalls and rapidly declining temperatures.

The cold-air outbreak,     1     is the most widespread early one in decades, is affecting 1.18 billion people and 90 percent of the regions across the country. The cold wave also brought chilly weather     2    (condition) to many parts of the north, along     3    rain and snow, posing serious challenges to transport, agriculture and energy supplies. Authorities warned people to stay inside and reduce outdoor activities.

So, why are we experiencing such a freezing winter on a warming planet?

According to an expert, one reason is that global warming does not appear     4    (equal) and brings about more extreme heat and cold. He said global warming has changed the patterns of atmospheric     5    (circulate) of the Earth,     6    (affect) the local climate via sea-air or land-air interaction. In October, La Nina started to affect China, bringing more cold air to the country. Meanwhile, statistics     7    (release) by the World Meteorological Organization show that 2016, 2019 and 2020 were the three     8    (hot) years on record.

    9    reason for the cold weather is the warming Arctic. The Arctic is warming two to three times as fast as any other place on Earth, he said, adding that the polar vortex (涡旋) weakens as the temperature     10    (go) up, pushing the cold Arctic air southward.

6 . 假定你是校学生会的一员，为了保护我们的地球家园，你发出了关于低碳生活的倡议，并制作了下面的海报。

请根据海报内容写一份100词左右的倡议书（题目已给出，除所给提示外，可适当增加细节）。

7 . On August 27, 1883, just after 10 a. m, the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in Indonesia made the loudest sound known to history. It sent sound waves around the world four times and could be heard 3,000 miles away on the island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean. That, for the purpose of comparison, is the same as Californians hearing a noise made in New York. In Rodrigues, as in other faraway places, the noise was taken to be cannon(大炮)fire. In Western Australia, 2,000 miles away, people thought war had erupted.

The sound was so powerful that it ruptured(使破裂) the eardrums(鼓膜) of people working on a British ship 40 miles from the eruption. “This is so surprisingly loud,” writer Aatish Bhatia noted in Discover magazine post.

The Krakatoa eruption was one of history’s deadliest natural disasters. More than 36, 400 people died, from lava flows that raced at 60 miles per hour and tsunamis that reached a height of 120 feet and destroyed some 165 coastal villages.

Volcanic matter thrown into the air caused sunsets so strange that people in New York, Connecticut and other places called the fire department, fearing fires had broken out. In the year following the eruption, the average temperature around the world fell by 1.2 degrees Celsius (℃), and the earth remained unusually cool for about five more years.

Little was left of Krakatoa after the eruption. In 1927, a volcanic island known as Anak Krakatoa was formed at the site of the big eruption. It is an active volcano. An eruption in December 2018 caused a tsunami that killed more than 400 people.

1. Why are places like Rodrigues and Western Australia mentioned in paragraph 1?

A．To draw attention to big volcanic eruptions.

B．To show how loud the Krakatoa eruption was.

C．To explain the damage the Krakatoa eruption caused.

D．To introduce where volcanic eruptions are more common.

2. What do we know about the people on the ship near the eruption?

A．They suffered ruptured eardrums.

B．They were troubled by cannon fire.

C．They thought war had broken out.

D．They were killed by volcanic matter.

3. What happened after the Krakatoa eruption?

A．A new volcanic island appeared soon.

B．The average global temperature dropped.

C．Bigger eruptions came in the following years.

D．Fires broke out in many places around the world.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The most terrible tsunami in Krakatoa.

B．The deadly natural disasters in the world.

C．The strange birth of an island in Indonesia.

D．The noisiest volcanic eruption in history.

8 . An old saw has it that there is nothing new under the sun. But it may still come as a surprise that human beings aren’t alone in having invented vaccination (疫苗接种). Work published by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois confirms that honeybees got there first. It also suggests they run the vaccination programmes like humans.

One discovery in 2015 is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by transferring into them antigens (抗原) which start the development of a protective immune response. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place, for she lives only on royal jelly (蜂王浆) produced by worker bees who act as nurses to baby bees. Dr. Harwood therefore wondered if the nurses obtain the antigens while eating nectar (花蜜) .

To test this idea, he cooperated with Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless hives (蜂巢) with baby bees to look after. Instead of nectar, they fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they mixed the sugar-water with a bacterium that causes a hive-killing disease.

In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated   the bacteria to kill them in advance. They also labeled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye (荧光染料) to make them easy to track. And, the result showed that pathogens (病原体) were getting into royal jelly produced by those nurse bees.

All told that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens on to the queen, and then to the eggs. Meanwhile, after they hatch, the eggs receive antigens from the nurses as well, thus being vaccinated twice.

1. In which section of a newspaper can we find this text?

A．Science.

B．Education.

C．Geography.

D．Medicine.

2. What does Dr. Harwood in paragraph 2 put forward?

A．An assumption.	B．A suggestion.
C．A theory.	D．A fact.

3. Why were the nurse bees fed on sugar-water instead of nectar?

A．To stop infections happening.	B．To find out the antigen supply.
C．To produce bacteria.	D．To offer another food choice.

4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Nurse Bees Invent Vaccination

B．Queen Bees Vaccinate Their Eggs

C．Honeybees Popularize Vaccination

D．Honeybees Run Vaccination Programme

9 . Spending time in nature has been known to positively impact mental health for some time now, but even greenery planted along a sidewalk line can be beneficial.

Mental health experts have long believed the health benefits of spending time in nature and there’re many related studies. A team of German researchers studied the long-term connection between living in an urban area where there are fewer green spaces and levels of depression. To understand the impact of being near a green space—specifically, trees planted along neighborhood sidewalks —they examined data from 10,000 residents of Leipzig, the most populated city in Saxony, Germany. Researchers assessed the number and type of street trees, how close they were planted to homes, and the number of drugs residents take to treat depression.

In addition to their closeness to green spaces, researchers also took into account the age, employment status, gender, and body weight of each of the participants. They found that trees located within 100 meters of the home were associated with a lower risk of being given antidepressants(抗抑郁药)，particularly in poor or unimportant neighborhoods. As these populations are usually at a greater risk of being given antidepressants in Germany, the findings prove just how beneficial green spaces in urban areas can be for improving mental health.

“Our findings suggest that street trees— a publicly accessible form of urban green spaces taking up a small area— can help close the gap in health inequalities between economically different social groups,” says Dr. Melissa Marselle, lead author of the study. “This is good news because street trees are relatively easy to achieve and their number can be increased without much planning effort.”

In addition to the mental health benefits for humans, planting more trees is also good for the environment. “Adding street trees in residential urban areas is a nature-based solution that may not only promote mental health, but also contribute to biodiversity conservation and mitigating climate change, says senior author Professor Aletta Bonn.

1. How did the German team obtain their findings?

A．By conducting experiments.	B．By carrying out an analysis.
C．By referring to previous studies.	D．By interviewing 10,000 residents.

2. What did the researchers find?

A．Spending time in nature has health benefits.

B．Green spaces have different effects on people.

C．People in poor areas suffer depression more easily.

D．Trees close to homes may reduce the risk of depression.

3. What does the underlined word “mitigating” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Wiping.

B．Easing.

C．Understanding.

D．Monitoring.

4. Why does the author write this text?

A．To give tips on planting trees.	B．To report a discovery in medicine.
C．To present the findings of a study.	D．To share a way to fight depression.

10 . Five years ago, French navy officer Jérôme Chardon was listening to a radio program about the journey of the bar-tailed godwit, a bird that migrates 14,000 kilometers between New Zealand and Alaska. Chardon understood how treacherous the journey would be, as heavy storms frequently hit Pacific island communities. Yet, somehow, bar-tailed godwits routinely pass through the area uninjured. Chardon wondered whether learning how birds traveled could help coastal communities avoid natural disasters.

This past January, a team from France’s National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) began experiments designed to test Chardon’s idea. Researchers with a project led by Frédéric Jiguet from NMNH equipped 56 birds of five species with cutting edge animal tracking technology. The team members were ferried to remote islands in French Polynesia, where they attached tags (标签) using tracking technology. These tags sent the birds’ locations to the International Space Station, which bounced the data back to scientists on Earth who could then follow the birds—waiting to see how the birds responded to natural disasters.

The project is focusing on birds’ ability to hear infrasound, the low-frequency sound humans cannot hear but that the researchers believe is the most likely signal birds would use to sense storms and tsunamis (海啸). In a 2014 study, scientists tracking a kind of golden-winged birds in the central and southeastern America found that the birds flew up to 1,500 kilometers to escape from an outbreak of tornadoes (龙卷风) that killed 35 people. The birds fled at least 24 hours before any extreme weather hit, leaving the scientists to believe that they had heard the storm system from more than 400 kilometers away.

The team plans on tagging hundreds more birds across the Pacific to prepare for a potential tsunami. “I think if there’s one wave that spreads across islands, we can get data from different species at different locations,” says Jiguet. “That will say it s worth continuing to tag and to develop local systems to better analyze this. There are chances that we will develop a bird-based tsunami early warning system.”

1. Which of the following best explains the word “treacherous” underlined in paragraph 1?

A．Strange.	B．Boring.
C．Frequent.	D．Dangerous.

2. What is the function of the tags?

A．Tracking natural disasters.	B．Distinguishing bird species.
C．Guiding researchers to islands.	D．Reporting the birds’ locations.

3. Why is the 2014 study mentioned in paragraph 3?

A．To prove an assumption.	B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a new topic.	D．To make comparisons.

4. What might be the best title for the text?

A．How Can Birds Avoid Natural Disasters?

B．Can Birds Warn Us of Natural Disasters?

C．How Does a Warning System Function?

D．Can Birds Play a Role in Human Research?