1 . As the coronavirus disease (冠状病毒) takes hold and causes lockdowns (禁闭) in major urban centers, researchers studying air pollution data are recording significant improvements in air quality levels. The change is so huge that some believe these short-term reductions could end up saving many more lives than those who are lost to the virus itself.

''These are quite great times, '' Francois Gemenne, director of The Hugo Observatory, an environmental research center, said during an appearance on France 24's The Debate. ''What surprises me most is that the measures that we are ready to take to face this coronavirus are much severer than the measures we would be ready to take to face climate change or air pollution. ''

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 91% of the world's population live in places where air quality levels are beyond acceptable limits. Globally, this results in nearly 4.2 million deaths annually, according to 2016 statistics.

Recent data from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite have shown marked reduction over Italy in the amount of nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮), a gas produced from road traffic and other processes, during the country’s nationwide lockdown.

''Although there could be slight variations in the data due to cloud cover and changing weather, we are very confident about the improvement of air quality because of less traffic and industrial activities, '' said Josef Aschbacher, esa's Director of Earth Observation Programmes.

People living in Venice have noticed how much clearer the water has become now that the city is in lockdown. Fishes have been seen in the canals, which is unusual for waters normally full of mud caused by so much can canal traffic, reports CNN. In some cities, animals are cautiously exploring new areas, especially in urban areas.

1. What can we learn from what Francois said?

A．Air pollution is not serious as we imagine.

B．We will meet with huge change of climate.

C．Dealing with the coronavirus will be very tough

D．What we do to beat the coronavirus is surprising.

2. What do the data in paragraph 3 mainly indicate?

A．There is little air pollution in the world.

B．Air pollution is very severe globally.

C．Most people will die from air pollution.

D．The earth is too terrible for people to live on.

3. What does the last paragraph want to tell us?

A．Traffic jam will not be seen from now on.

B．We have solved the problem of water pollution.

C．The environment has improved due to the lockdown.

D．Staying at home is the only way to beat the coronavirus.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A textbook.	B．A guidebook.
C．A novel.	D．A newspaper.

2 . When Rudyard Kipling created the character of Mowgli, an orphaned boy who was adopted and raised by wolves in the forests of India, he would have never guessed that one day there would be a child that would actually live a similar life.

Born in Windhoek, Namibia in 1990, to Sylvie Robert and Alain Degre, both wildlife photographers, Tippi was exposed to the wild residents of the African jungles since the day she was born. Her parents traveled a lot through the country in search of exotic (异国的) animals and the three often ended up sleeping in a tent in the middle of the jungles.

However, unlike Mowgli, Tippi’s parents were always around to protect her and the only wild animals that she interacted with were the orphaned wildlife that had been raised by humans in national parks. Having said that, these animals were still wild and little Tippi did have a few close encounters like when an ape tried to steal her milk bottle or when a Meerakat thought her nose looked good enough to eat and took a couple of nips (捏; 掐). The most serious one that her mom can recall is when Cindy, a baboon, became a little jealous of Tippi’s thick hair and decided to pull out a handful. But overall, the young girl, who many locals believed had a special connection with animals, led a rather magical life.

While her magical life ended when she turned ten and her parents decided to move back to Paris, her memories were shown in a book called Tippi, My Book of Africa, which not surprisingly has become a huge hit among animal fans. We wonder if the now 23-year-old girl who is studying cinema in Paris, will some day decide to follow her parents’ example and take her kids back to experience what she did.

1. What do the characters Mowgli and Tippi have in common?

A．They were both orphaned kids.	B．They both grew up in the wild.
C．They were both very aggressive	D．They were both adopted by wolves

2. Sylvie Robert and Alain Degre often traveled in the wild in Africa because _______.

A．they enjoyed living with wild animals	B．they wanted to help out endangered animals
C．they were taking photographs of exotic animals	D．they were looking for animals for national parks

3. We know that after Tippi went to live in Paris, she _______.

A．didn’t want others to know about her past

B．often had nightmares because of her experience

C．never wanted to go back to live in the wild again

D．wrote a book based on her experience in the wild

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Tippi, My Book of Africa.	B．Meet Tippi – the real life of Mowgli.
C．Mowgli – a boy who was raised by wolves.	D．The new life of Tippi who grew up with animals

3 . 阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you enjoy food, culture, entertainment, and shopping? You could be delighted at     1     (visit) Chinatown in Manhattan New York. New York’s Chinatown is     2     (convenient) located right next to Little Italy on Manhattan Island,     3     is one of the largest surviving ethnic Chinese communities outside of Asia. There are a number of     4       (landmark) in Chinatown that tourists or locals can go to see when weather permits. Chinatown, along with Little Italy in New York,     5     (list) in a historic district on the National Register of Historical Places in 2010.

If you want to try delicious food, Chinatown might be the     6     (good) place to go. Not only do they serve a special plate of Garbage Fish, but they also can take out dishes that you have no idea     7     is in them but pleasing to your taste buds nevertheless.

If you enjoy history, you will find that New York’s Chinatown is rich     8     history, culture, and civilization. It has fun for all ages. Whether you’re in Chinatown for     9     (relax) and entertainment, or to stop     10     (grab) a bite to eat, there is always something exciting going on that might grab your attention.

4 . The victims were carried in one by one, their paws and fur burned, suffering from lack of water and fear. Their caretakers bandaged their wounds and laid them in baskets with the only thing that was familiar -- the leaves of a eucalyptus (桉树) tree.

As catastrophic fires have burned more than 2 million acres in Australia, dozens of koalas have been rescued from smoky and burning trees and ashen ground. "They are terrified," said Cheyne Flanagan, clinical director of the Koala Hospital in Port Macquarie, the only facility of its kind in the world.

Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not flee from fires but instead climb trees to the top, where they can curd themselves into a ball for protection and wait for the danger to pass. But during high-intensity fires, such as those that have burned in recent weeks, the animals, conservationists said, are far less likely to survive. Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree top, the animals may overheat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death.

The suffering of the koala -- a national symbol of Australia -- has raised questions among conservationists and scientists about what it will take to preserve biodiversity in a country increasingly prone to intense fire, extreme heat and water shortage. While koalas have evolved to exist alongside wildfires, the animals are facing new threats not just from climate change but also from human development, which has affected local populations, impairing their ability to survive fires.

"We have these unique animals not found anywhere else on this planet, and we're killing them," Flanagan said. "This is a big wake-up call."

1. The description of the koalas in Para. 1 is to show         .

A．koalas are quite lovely

B．the forests in Australia are severely burnt

C．global warming is becoming more and more serious

D．forest burning has put koalas into great danger

2. How do koalas react in face of forest fire?

A．They escape from fires as soon as possible.

B．They climb to the top of trees for safety.

C．They curl themselves into a ball on the ground.

D．They wait where they're for the danger to pass.

3. According to the article, which of the following factors may NOT affect the preservation of biodiversity in Australia?

A．Global warming.	B．Water shortage.
C．Intense fire.	D．Extreme heat.

4. From Flanagan's words, we can learn        .

A．koalas are not unique animals on the earth

B．people are killing koalas cruelly on purpose

C．measures should be taken to save koalas

D．people should wake up to preserve the earth

5 . How to Protect Wildlife

Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and other human actions. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions can help protect many different animals.     1    

● Create wildlife friendly areas. When trying to make your garden more beautiful, choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution.     2    

●     3     By using less water and fewer fuels, you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway when you can and turn off electric devices when you’re not using them.

● Buy products that are wildlife-friendly.     4     Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat.

● Limit family size. Population growth is one of the major factors in habitat destruction. With the rapidly growing population, more and more habitats for wildlife are occupied by humans.     5     In this way, the Earth’s population will stabilize and native habitats can be protected.

A．Live a greener life.

B．Donate money to organizations.

C．Each family should be limited to one or two children.

D．Avoid products that are made from endangered animals.

E．Protecting wildlife from being endangered is every family’s duty.

F．Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.

G．Build bird houses to your garden or yard to attract and shelter these species.

6 . What is the conversation mainly about?

A．The clothes.

B．The weather.

C．The visit.

7 . The United Nations Environment Program is calling for urgent action to reduce growing risks from chemicals. Better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars. As estimated, 143,000 chemicals are now produced. Yet the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on human health and the environment. It says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.

Sylvie Lemmet, director of the UNEP, says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. For example, she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid, or ODA, for health care in sub-Saharan Africa.

She says, “If you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide (杀虫剂) in sub-Saharan Africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion US dollars in 2009. This is higher than the total ODA that is going to the health part in the same area.”

The UNEP estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050. Chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. By 2020, chemical production is expected to increase by 40 percent in Africa and the Middle East and 33 percent in Latin America. One of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticide and fertilizer. Other major concerns are heavy metal pollution from the production of cement (水泥) and textiles (纺织品), and dioxin pollution from mining.

The UN report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies. It says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.

1. The purpose of Paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that ______.

A．chemicals have a high production cost

B．Africa needs more development aid

C．the use of pesticide causes a great loss

D．the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide is incorrect

2. Which of the following is NOT a source of danger according to the text?

A．Pesticide.	B．Fertilizer.
C．Heavy metals.	D．Minerals.

3. According to the text, what is the main reason for the risks from chemicals?

A．The mass production of cement and textiles.

B．Lack of research funds on chemicals.

C．Poor management of chemicals.

D．Contradictions between chemical producers and governments.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．The truth in Sylvie Lemmet’s comments

B．A UN warning about chemical dangers

C．The unpredictable future of chemical industry

D．Preventing is much better than fixing

8 . The Philippines, a tropical island nation in the Pacific, will now require by law all graduating students from elementary school to college plant 10 trees each before they can graduate.

The law was supported in the House and is now sent to the Philippines Senate for action, Supporters of the law see this as an opportunity for the Filipino youth to help deal with climate change and air pollution and build a greener environment for their generation.

“To this end, the educational system shall be a centre of spreading continuous use of natural resources among the young to make them socially-responsible citizens, The House bill stated, which was authored by representative Gary Alejano.

Alejano estimates that over the course of one generation the bill will be responsible for 525 billion trees planted.This comes from over 12 million students graduating from elementary school each year, 5 million from high school and 500,000 from college, equaling 175 million new trees planted each year.

The Philippines consists of 7,641 islands in Southeast Asia.Across those islands,deforestation has been a primary environmental issue.Agriculture has led to a significant drop in forested areas across the Philippines. Through the 20th century, forested area in the Philippines decreased from 70 percent to 20 percent.It is estimated that 24.2 million acres of forests were cut down from 1934 to 1988, primarily from logging.

The performance of this new law could set off a situation, by which the Philippines switches from net loss to net gain of trees, a simple and powerful message to the Filipino youth with the potential for long term positive influence.

1. Why does the Philippines make the law to plant trees?

A．To create a better environment to live in.

B．To show the government is taking action.

C．To make sure students can graduate easily.

D．To raise people's awareness of education.

2. What does Alejano think is important?

A．Natural resources.	B．The future generation
C．Powerful messages.	D．The educational system.

3. How many trees will high school graduating students plant each year?

A．5 million.	B．50 million.
C．120 million.	D．175 million.

4. What has caused a sharp drop in forests across the Philippines?

A．A.loss of soil.	B．Agriculture.
C．Climate change.	D．Air pollution.

9 . Scientists at the University of Bonn carried out extensive research to show that the waterdrops rolling off a lotus （莲花）leaf carry away dirt, leaving the surface perfectly clean. This phenomena has been named the “Lotus Effect" and works best on rough surfaces.

Contrary to popular belief, lotus leaves are not smooth at all. When examined under a powerful microscope , the leaf cells show a bumpy surface. That makes the surface rough. As a result, dirt rests only on the tips of the wax crystals （蜡晶体）covering the leaf surface. The roughness reduces the contact area between the dirt and the leaf surface. A rough surface structure with wax crystals makes it impossible for water to stick. Due to the friction （摩擦 力）,the water contracts at once. It forms round waterdrops to minimize the contact area with the rough, waxy leaf surface and runs off the leaf very quickly. Since the dirt only rests on the tips of the wax crystals they stick more strongly to the waterdrops than to the leaf surfaces・ They are washed away when the water falls on the leaves.

On smooth leaves, the dirt is pushed from one part of the leaf to the other. This is because the dirt has a larger contact area where they can rest comfortably on the flat surface. We must also keep in mind that water usually spreads and only partially runs off the leaves一 that too, only if the leaf is tilted! The dirt may get driven, but they are mainly displaced from one side of the leaf to the other.

Scientists say that the “Lotus Effect" is particularly beneficial for it helps to protect the lotus leaves from harmful bacteria. The dirt on the leaves often contains tiny disease causing fungi and bacteria. While most of the bacteria get washed off, the few that remain eventually die since they do not get the water they require for survival and growth.

1. What is “Lotus Effect”？

A．The self-cleaning feature of lotus leaves.

B．The lotus surfaces'   ability to kill harmful bacteria.

C．The dirt leaving off lotus leaves with the help of wind.

D．Lotus leaves making waterdrops from the dirt on them.

2. What does the underlined word “bumpy” in paragraph 2 probobaly mean?

A．Flat.	B．Bended.
C．Flexible.	D．Rough.

3. Why are waterdrops unable to stay on lotus leaves?

A．The contact area between drops and leaves is too large.

B．The smooth leaf surface makes waterdrops roll down.

C．The rough and waxy leaf surface reduces the friction.

D．The waterdrops fall on the leaves at a too high speed.

4. What is the benefit of “Lotus Effect”?

A．It can protect the lotus from sunshine.

B．It can help the lotus grow healthily.

C．It can make the bacteria more and stronger.

D．It can help the lotus leaves keep the required water.

10 . Five Ways to Go Green and Save Green

Climate change is in the news. It seems like everyone's “going green.” We're glad you want to take action too. Luckily many of the steps we can take to stop climate change can make our lives better. Let's start now.

Save energy to save money.

Set your thermostat（恒温器）degrees lower in the winter and a few degrees higher in the summer to save on heating and cooling costs.

    1     As much as 85 percent of the energy used to machine-wash clothes goes to heat the water.

Unplug (拔掉……的电源插头) electrical equipment when you're not using it.

Save water to save money.

Take shorter showers to reduce water use. This will lower your water and heating bills too.

Plant drought-tolerant (耐旱的) native plants in your garden.     2    Find out about these plants in your area.

Fix a low-flow showerhead. They don't cost much and the water and energy savings can quickly pay back your money.

    3    

Walk or bike to work. This saves on gas and parking costs while improving your health and reducing your risk of being fat.

Eat smart.

If you eat meat, add one meatless meal a week. Meat costs a lot at the store and it's even more expensive when you consider the related environmental and health costs.

    4    Purchasing from local farmers keeps money in the local economy.

Avoid bottled water.

    5    

Use a water filter (过滤器) to make drinking water instead of buying bottled water. Not only is bottled water expensive but it causes large amounts of container waste.

A．When speaking of something to eat, try local products whenever you can.

B．Our grandchildren and their children will thank us for living green.

C．Bring a reusable water bottle with you when traveling or at work.

D．Wash clothes in cold water whenever possible.

E．Less gas = more money and better health!

F．Move a little nearer to your work.

G．Many plants need little watering.