4 . Do you know that every year volunteers collect millions of rubbish on beaches around the world? More and more people are searching for ways to reduce plastic use. A few small changes of your daily habits can quickly lead to less plastic waste.

    1    It only takes a few minutes to drink a bottle of water, but the plastic bottle has to take hundreds of years to break down. Make sure you have a reusable bottle to fill up instead of buying bottled water.

Choose reusable bags instead of plastic bags.     2     You can either keep your fruit and vegetables loose (零散的) or use reusable cloth bags. When you’re ready to check out, put your things into cotton shopping bags.

Take your dinner set with you. It’s helpful to carry a diner set and a cloth napkin in your bag.     3    Drink directly from the cup. Drinking straws (吸管) are one of the most common waste things that are collected during the beach cleanup. Instead of drinking your iced coffee tea through a straw, just drink it from the cup.     4    

Keep reusable bags or boxes nearby. Plastic-free living is easier if your reusable bags or boxes are easy to get, so make sure you keep them in your bag, car, or at your office.     5    Remember that our small efforts make a big difference in waste reduction.

A．That way, you’ll never have to use a plastic bag while you’re busy.

B．Use reusable water bottles.

C．If you have to use a straw, try a paper one.

D．At the store, try shopping for things without single-use plastic bags.

E．A for kanda spoon are small enough and they don’t take up much space.

6 . We should all have at least one fire extinguisher somewhere in our home, but it’s not enough to simply keep one under the kitchen sink. If there is a fire, your safety — and the safety of your home — depends on knowing how to use that fire extinguisher correctly. In case your fire extinguisher has been sitting around collecting dust, here’s everything you need to know before brushing it off and fighting a fire in your home the right way.

Choose the right fire extinguisher

The first thing you need to know is the different classifications of fires. Most household fires fall into one of the following categories:

Class A: Fires fueled by solid combustibles like wood, paper, and cloth.

Class B: Fires fueled by flammable liquids such as oil and gasoline.

Class C: Fires started or fueled by faulty wiring and appliances.

Class D: Fires started or fueled by cooking oils, animal facts, and vegetable fats.

All fire extinguishers are labeled to indicate which classes of fire they are designed to combat. Most household fire extinguishers are considered multipurpose and labeled for use in A, B, and C classes. Class K extinguishers are heavier duty and will need to be bought separately. Household fire extinguishers are also rated for the size of fire that they can safely handle. The higher the rating, the larger the fire the extinguisher can put out. Higher-rated extinguishers are often heavier.

Steps for proper extinguisher use

Once you understand the different types of fire extinguishers and their uses, you need to be able to properly operate one.

Step 1: Identify a clear exit/escape route

Before operating the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear evacuation path. If you cannot put out the fire, you’ll need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is being evacuated from the building.

Step 2: Call the fire department

Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the fire department on the way. Once firefighters arrive, they can double-check whether the fire has been completely extinguished.

Step 3: Stand back

Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away from the flames as you prepare to operate the fire extinguisher.

Step 4: Operate the extinguisher

It can be difficult to think clearly during an emergency. Thankfully, there is a long-standing acronym(首字母缩略词)— PASS — to help you recall the steps involved in operating your fire extinguisher.

P: Pull the pin (保险销) on the fire extinguisher.

A: Aim low. Point the nozzle at the base of the fire instead of the flames.

S: Squeeze the handle or lever to discharge the extinguisher.

S: Sweep the nozzle back and forth until the flames are extinguished.

Step 5: Keep an eye on things

After the flames appear to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t reignite. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS” process.

Step 6: Get to a safe place

Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, leave the scene. Find a place out of reach of the fire.

1. According to the passage, what is the top priority in a fire emergency?

A．Find out how to escape.	B．Operate a fire extinguisher.
C．Call the fire department.	D．Escape and leave everything behind.

2. The following pictures show the four steps of the “PASS” process. According to the passage, what is their correct order?

A．③②④①	B．④②③①
C．③④①②	D．④③①②

3. According to the passage, after a fire appears to have been extinguished, we should _________.

A．leave the fire area at once	B．repeat the “PASS” process
C．inspect the fire area carefully	D．have the fire department on the way

7 . Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers.     1    

In some cities, the air is filled with pollution.     2     If it is not cleaned up, more people will be hurt.     3     Land and water pollution kills many animals every year.

If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution.

    4     We should separate rubbish into different groups. In this way, it can be recycled and reused. We had better plant more trees.     5     What’s more, we shouldn’t put the waste into lakes or rivers.

If we can do these, we will make the world a better place to live in.

A．This makes some old people and children ill.

B．As well as people, animals are also harmed by pollution.

C．We can make our lakes and rivers cleaner and cleaner.

D．It’s time for all of us to take action right away!

E．Because of this, these places have already been polluted.

F．Trees reduce dust and help keep the air clean.

G．A few of us should take action to protect the environment.

8 . Last weekend, I said goodbye to another dear old friend. We had 12 fine years together, but our relationship was becoming dysfunctional(不正常的). Unwanted emissions and serious health problems were the final straw, leaving me with no choice but to make a trip to the knacker’s(收废汽车者的)yard.

I am now car-free for the first time in 20 years, and it feels strange. When I gave up meat, I did so mainly for environmental reasons, and I didn’t miss it at all. I would like to say the same about my car, but I can’t. It was first and foremost a financial decision: keeping the old car on the road was getting too expensive.

But doing the right thing for the wrong reasons is still doing the right thing — I now have a chance to rethink how I move myself and my family around, and can try to find a more environmentally friendly means of transport.

Going car-free is, I think, a lifestyle change that many of us are going to make over the next few years, as car ownership becomes increasingly unnecessary, expensive and socially unacceptable. However, it is easier said than done. Now my car is gone. I still need to get around. But how? I already cycle to work and use public transport when appropriate. But there are some occasions when a car seems to be the only way.

I won’t buy one: I have joined a car-share program and will use taxis more often. I will hire a car if I need to drive a long distance. But then I am still travelling in fossil-fuelled cars(燃油汽车), like when I quit meat and ended up eating more cheese. I fear I may have swapped one environmental problem for another.

I am also afraid to think about the ultimate fate of my car. I have just offloaded more than a ton of metal, plastic, rubber, fabric, electronics, oil and petrol that will end up in a landfill. There are millions of similar vehicles in the UK alone that will have to go somewhere.

Maybe I am overthinking it. According to Charlie Wilson, a climate scientist at the UK’s Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, getting rid of a private car is no doubt a positive step to reduce CO₂ emissions.

He points to research by the OECD’s International Transport Forum. “They showed that moving from a private vehicle fleet(车队)to a shared vehicle fleet can greatly cut the number of vehicles you need to deliver the mobility that we need and want. If that vehicle fleet is electrified, you can also bring CO₂ emissions close to zero.”

So in other words, just get rid of your car.

1. What do we know about the author’s car?

A．It was old.	B．It was green.
C．It was his first car.	D．It was a second-hand car.

2. What do the author’s giving up meat and saying goodbye to his car have in common?

A．He did both for the wrong reasons.	B．He thinks both help him save money.
C．He considers both are right decisions.	D．He did both out of concern for the environment.

3. What does the author fear?

A．He may have to spend more on travel.

B．His lifestyle might be changed completely.

C．He might get bored with public transportation.

D．His decision may fail to help the environment.

4. What does Charlie Wilson say?

A．It is wise to do away with old private cars.

B．It is very easy to deal with old private cars.

C．Electric cars are the solution to traffic problems.

D．The OECD plays a key role in promoting car-sharing.

9 . What Is Your Pet Trying to Tell You

Animals want our attention, and sometimes they’re quite obviously about asking for it. Unusual behaviors are often our pets’ way of telling us to stop what we’re doing and play with them. It’s why Fido constantly chases his tail and why Kitty keeps rolling around. A desperately bored pet may have “bad” behaviors to get a reaction-even a negative one!

Feed me.

Sure, your dog loves you, but that’s not why he’s licking(舔)your face. A puppy learns to lick his mother’s mouth to get a little leftover food, so Spot isn’t kissing you in our sense of the word; he just wants a snack.

I’m stressed.

Cat owners also misinterpret their furry friends’ kisses. While a cat might lick you to show love, sometimes she’ll do it to ease herself. One way to tell if her licking is stress-related is to see if it goes on for an extended period of time. Birds also overclean when they feel anxious. Some will even drag out their own feathers.

My tail tells all.

Dogs wag(摇)their tails to the right when they see something or someone they want to approach, and to the left when they see something they want to avoid. When frightened, dogs curl their tails in, while cats wrap theirs around themselves. And if a cat’s tail looks like a question mark, she’s eager to play.

1. What does a dog show if it kisses its owner?

A．Hunger.

B．Love.

C．Fear.

D．Sadness.

2. How many kinds of pets are mentioned in the text?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

3. What will happen if birds get anxious?

A．They will drag others’ feathers.

B．They will approach someone they like.

C．They will clean their feathers more than necessary.

D．They will stare at their owners for a longer time.

10 . E-bikes are becoming more and more popular. It opens cycling to older people, those with disabilities, people who live in hilly cities where regular cycling requires serious effort.

Three things are needed to make e-bikes popular—a safe place to ride, good affordable bikes and a secure place to park. Safety comes first. For bike lanes (车道) to work, the network has to be continuous, not just forcing cyclists into the middle of a busy street. It should be well protected so that the cyclists won't feel they'll be knocked down by cars. It's necessary to provide good affordable e-bikes to customers either in physical stores or in online stores. Only in this way can people consider buying one as their means of transportation. Parking remains an avoidable problem if we want to encourage more people to ride e-bikes. In Netherlands or Copenhagen, large bike parking lots at train and bus stations encourage varieties of transport. People can easily find bike parking everywhere. This is going to be needed in other cities too for e-bikes to really become a form of transportation.

As a matter of fact, people have found that e-bikes are effective transportation choices. A recent study shows that people who ride e-bikes increase their travel distance from 2. 1 to 9. 2 km per day on average. That is sure to do good to their health. It's also believed that if just 15% of a city’s population turn to e-bikes, it would reduce the carbon emissions (排放) from transportation by 12%.

All of these lead me to conclude that e-bikes are a far better way of dealing with transportation emissions than electric cars. They won't work for everyone, but they don't have to.

1. What is the most important for cyclists?

A．Their safety.

B．Affordable bikes.

C．Good parking lot.

D．Fast transportation.

2. Why are Netherlands and Copenhagen mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A．To show their good e-bikes.	B．To show their e-bikes are affordable.
C．To show cyclists have safe places to ride.	D．To show they offer good bike parking lots.

3. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?

A．The rules of riding bicycles.	B．The advantages of riding bicycles.
C．The health benefits of riding bicycles.	D．The harmful influence of riding bicycles.

4. What is the author's attitude towards e-bikes?

A．Worried.

B．Positive.

C．Doubtful.

D．Unconcerned.