1 . Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bar k excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. To prevent or treat behavior problems, you are supposed to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training or training doesn't solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
1. Which statement about dogs’ behavior problems is true?| A．They result from training. | B．They’re just part of nature. |
| C．They’re wrong dog activities. | D．They will be worse unless punished. |
| A．To make dogs respect authority. | B．To give dogs outlets for their behavior. |
| C．To solve all their behavior problems. | D．To teach dogs to perform clever tricks. |
| A．To get respect from masters. | B．To show their willingness to obey. |
| C．To establish the social rank order. | D．To show their affection for their masters. |
| A．More foods. | B．More safety. | C．More freedom. | D．More love. |
2 . A warbler weighs about the same as four pennies, but twice a year makes an extraordinary journey. It flies nearly 4,000 miles between Canada’s spruce forest and its wintering grounds in northern South America.
A new online atlas (地图册) of bird migration, published recently, draws from a huge number of scientific and community data sources to illustrate the routes of about 450 bird species in the Americas, including the warblers. The Bird Migration Explorer mapping tool , available free to the public, is an ongoing collabration (合作) of 11 groups that collect and analyze data on bird movements, including the US Geological Survey and the National Audubon Society.
For the first time, the site will bring together online data from hundreds of scientific studies that uses GPS tags to track bird movements, as well as more than 100 years of bird- banding data collected by USGS. “The past twenty years have seen a true renaissance in different technologies to track bird migrations around the world,” said Peter Marra, a bird migration expert.
The site allows a user to enter a species — for instance, osprey — and watch movements over the course of a year. For example, data from 378 tracked ospreys show up as yellow dots that move between coastal North America and South America as a calendar bar goes through the months of the year.
Or users can enter the city where they live and click elsewhere on the map for a partial list of birds that migrate between the two locations. For example, ospreys and 12 other species migrate between Washington, D. C. and Fonte Boa, Brazil.
As new tracking data becomes available, the site will continue to expand. Melanie Smith, director for the site, said the next phase of expansion would add more data about seabirds.
1. What is a warbler?| A．A kind of bird. | B．A money system. |
| C．A mapping tool. | D．A means of transport. |
| A．It is a huge “database”. | B．It is available for a small fee. |
| C．It can help protect biodiversity. | D．It is supported by a company. |
| A．Enter its habitats in the site. | B．Click the routes in the site. |
| C．Input its name in the site. | D．Explore its history in the site. |
| A．The site is far from perfect. | B．The site will get updates based on new data. |
| C．The site will only focus on seabirds in the future. | D．The site has new development directions. |
3 . What time is it on the Moon? Since the dawn of the space age, the answer has been: It depends. For decades, lunar missions have operated on the time of the country that launched them. However, as different countries plan lunar missions, the current system has been considered unsustainable.
The solution is a lunar time zone. Creating a time zone up there may simplify things. The main objective of establishing a universal timekeeping system for the Moon is to make the contact among the various countries more efficient.
The discussion about how to do that is happening as things are starting to get busy on and above the lunar surface. A lunar lander from one country is set to arrive on the Moon. Another lander, from a different country, is expected to land on the South Pole of the Moon. These missions, along with other possible lunar landings, are happening as a space agency prepares to send four astronauts into orbit around the Moon. China completed the construction of its own space station and previously hinted that Chinese astronauts would be on the Moon by 2030. With increased exploration comes the potential for miscommunication.
“These missions will not only be on or around the Moon at the same time, but they will often be interacting as well — potentially passing communications for one another, performing joint observations or meeting up,” stated a space agency. For all those interactions to happen smoothly, the missions will need to operate on a standardized time, the agency said.
“This idea of timekeeping on the Moon is important because it shows the international development of the Moon,” an expert said. “Precision timekeeping was key to travel on the Earth, and it’s key to travel between the Earth and the Moon.”
A universal timekeeping system for the Moon is needed, but many details remain to be worked out. One of the questions that has yet to be settled is whether lunar time should be set on the Moon or matched with the Earth.
Once a new lunar time zone is established, the methods used to create it will be useful for future space exploration. Astronauts can go to Mars in the next two to three decades and will face similar hurdles that a Martian time zone could address.
1. The author raises the question underlined in Paragraph 1 mainly to _________.| A．introduce the topic | B．highlight the term |
| C．make a comparison | D．challenge an assumption |
| A．Humans will be busy exploring outer space. |
| B．It is urgent that humans create a lunar time zone. |
| C．It is vital that humans conduct lunar explorations. |
| D．Humans will gain great achievements in lunar missions. |
| A．It has been successfully established. |
| B．It may ease managing different lunar missions. |
| C．It will match the time on the Moon with Earth’s. |
| D．It can help achieve environmental sustainability. |
4 . Many schools have disaster plans in place to help students prepare for a natural disaster and know what to do immediately after one occurs. Here are some additional tips for you.
Create a “go” bag.
When you know a natural disaster is coming, having a “go” bag can help you move to safety quickly when it’s time to evacuate (撤离) .
Sign up for your school’s text notification system.
In the moments after a disaster, it’s important to make sure you’re okay. If you do have cuts or scrapes (擦伤) , use the first aid kit to attend to these wounds.
Stay in a safe place.
In lots of natural disasters, many accidents happen after the worst of the event due to people being out and about too quickly.
| A．Check yourself for injuries |
| B．Make contact when possible |
| C．If it’s something more serious |
| D．If the building you are staying in is destroyed |
| E．Think of what you need and cannot live without |
| F．Be really careful not to put yourself in any further danger |
| G．Getting real information timely is critical at moments of crisis |
5 . Rock climbing has become a mainstream pleasure enjoyed by many. The natural world offers a thrilling adventure through beautiful environments filled with wildlife.
However, rock climbing happens in places that are generally hard to access and unsuitable for agricultural expansion and urbanization. As a result, they have generally suffered less human impact and the areas tend to be important sites for biodiversity.
Some cliff- specialist plant species have very narrow ranges. If a suitable habitat is rare, they have few opportunities to grow elsewhere. However, climbers can remove vegetation and soil when establishing a route that has not been climbed before.
The number of climbers heading out to these cliffs is increasing at an astonishing pace. It is essential for climbers to know what they can do for the protection of the cliff ecosystem.
| A．This can wipe out the cliff ecosystem that was there previously. |
| B．And some organizations have an online database offered to check. |
| C．Therefore, every climber is responsible for protecting the cliff ecosystem. |
| D．Even climbers can ask the climbing gym to organise a discussion about this topic. |
| E．Seemingly a straightforward way is to spread the word about these good practices. |
| F．These data can then be accessed by scientists to avoid environmental issues on cliffs. |
| G．For example, 40% of sport climbing areas in Spain are found in nature protection areas. |
6 . Every May, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) hosts Air Quality Awareness Week with the goal of sharing information on air quality and how it affects health, as well as encouraging people to apply knowledge of air quality to their daily lives. Here are some events that may help you be air aware and prepared.
Asthma (哮喘) and the Impacts of Climate ChangeIn honor of World Asthma Day, EPA Asthma Program welcomes Jenna Riemenschneider, the Director of Advocacy and Special Projects at the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. She will present the event and talk about the cause of Asthma and how to prevent it.
When: October 3, 2: 00 pm
Where: Click here to join the meeting
Screening of UnbreathableThe District of Columbia Department of Energy and Environmental Air Quality Division will cooperate with multiple universities to host a screening of Unbreathable. The event will include a screening of the movie and a discussion of academic experts and advocates.
When: November 13, 2: 00 pm
Where: Click here to join the meeting
Sun Tran Transit WorkshopA Transit Workshop will be led by Sun Tran for downtown employees and residents to learn about bus, shuttle (班车) and street car options for travel. Other travel reduction resources will also be available.
When: November 25, 2: 10-2: 50 pm
Where: Basement Conference Room C, 201 Stone Avenue, Tucson
Change is in the Air: A Community ConversationThe program is designed to discuss on some questions. What challenges have asthma patients faced? How to prevent? What is unjust about the air quality in my community? How are air sensors used to inform the public and engage with public health and local government?
When: December 4, 2: 00-5: 00 pm
Where: The Cleveland Public Library, 525 Superior Avenue, Cleveland
1. When can you attend the Screening of Unbreathable event?| A．October 3. | B．November 13. | C．November 25. | D．December 4. |
| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
| A．See a movie concerning air quality. | B．Talk about the usage of air sensors. |
| C．Know about travel reduction methods. | D．Acquire some knowledge of climate change. |
7 . For shelter dogs, awaiting adoption can be stressful. Roughly 4.1 million dogs enter animal shelters in the United’ States every single year. Dogs housed in shelters can face great stress due to noise and limited spaces, which can reduce their overall well-being and impact their adoptability. A study published in the journal PLOS ONE found that dogs kept together with companions showed fewer signs of stress and were even adopted more quickly.
“Despite being a social species, dogs are often housed alone in shelters to reduce disease transmission and possible injury from inter- dog conflicts. But this practice can work against dogs’ behavioral health and adoptability,” study co-author and Virginia Tech University animal behavior psychologist Eric a Feuerbacher said in a statement.“ We wanted to examine whether pair housing could be a useful intervention for improving shelter dogs’ welfare.”
Prior studies have suggested that co-housing can produce behavioral and physiological benefits. These studies have typically focused on laboratory dogs or dogs housed for more than six months at veterinary (兽医的) schools. However, those results might not necessarily apply to shelter dogs, many of which have shorter lengths of stay than those dogs studied. This study is the first to examine how U. S.-based shelter dogs perform in co-housing vs. single-housing.
This new study followed 61 dogs, most of which had recently entered the Humane Society of Western Montana. The team placed half of the dogs in co- housing with partners who were put together after a compatibility (兼容) test. The other half were housed alone.
They observed the dogs over a week, recording common stress behaviors. These include lip-licking and pulling back their ears. The team also took daily samples of the dogs’ urinary cortisol (尿皮质醇) to measure for biological indicators of stress.
The dogs that were housed with a companion showed fewer stress behaviors. They were also adopted four days sooner than the single-housed dogs on average. “Many potential adopters might already have a dog,” Feuerbacher said. “Clearly exhibiting that a dog can successfully interact with other dogs might highlight those dogs as good matches — leading to more successful adoptions.”
1. What is the aim of their study according to Erica Feuerbacher?| A．To test the effect of pair housing on shelter dogs. |
| B．To reveal the situation of dogs in animal shelters. |
| C．To investigate the impact of stress on dogs’ health. |
| D．To identify the reasons for dogs’ stress in shelters. |
| A．The limitations of housing dogs alone. |
| B．The benefits of co-housing dogs in the lab. |
| C．The achievement of previous related studies. |
| D．The necessity of conducting the new study. |
| A．By changing the dogs’ shelters. | B．By performing a compatibility test. |
| C．By analyzing their biological samples. | D．By recording the frequency of their conflicts. |
| A．They had shorter stay length in the shelter. |
| B．They interacted better with their partners. |
| C．They seemed to be loyal to the new adopters. |
| D．They exhibited greater ability to live alone. |
8 . The primitive forest, a place of mystery and wonder, holds great significance for both nature and humanity. These ancient forests are home to a vast array of plant and animal species, many of which are unique and endangered.
For centuries, humans have had a complex relationship with the primitive forest. On one hand, these forests provide essential resources such as timber, food, and medicine. They also play a crucial role in regulating the climate, purifying the air, and protecting water sources.
On the other hand, human activities such as deforestation, hunting, and pollution have threatened the survival of these precious ecosystems. As we continue to expand our cities and industries, the pressure on the primitive forest grows.
However, there is hope. Many people around the world are realizing the importance of protecting these forests and are taking action to preserve them. From conservation efforts to sustainable development initiatives, there are many ways we can ensure the survival of the primitive forest for future generations.
1. What is the primitive forest home to?| A．Only a few plant species. | B．Only some animal species. |
| C．A vast array of plant and animal species. | D．No living things. |
| A．Only provide timber. |
| B．Only purify the air. |
| C．Regulate the climate, purify the air, protect water sources and more. |
| D．Have no role in nature. |
| A．Natural disasters only. | B．Human activities only. |
| C．Neither natural disasters nor human activities. | D．Both natural disasters and human activities. |
| A．No one cares about them. | B．People’s realization and actions to protect them. |
| C．Continued deforestation. | D．Lack of conservation efforts. |
9 . College students around the world have recently developed products and designs for a chance to win the James Dyson Sustainability Award. The competition is tough, as many of the brightest engineers and scientists compete for the prize. But while every entry was impressive, Carvey Ehren Maigue’s ultimately won — for good reason!
The 27- year- old from the Philippines has been studying at one of the country’s top engineering schools and will graduate soon. Throughout his time there, he learned plenty about design, which is what led him to create AuREUS System Technology. These solar panels are made from food waste and transform UV light (紫外线) into renewable energy, even on a cloud y day!
According to the awarding remarks, AuREUS combines renewable material and advanced technology, which allows other devices to harvest UV light and transform it into electricity. Of course,“ it is environmentally friendly and can be used for a long time, perfectly meeting our purpose and making it the most striking one! It’s truly a game changer!”
AuREUS is based on a plastic material, so it can be formed into different shapes. The science behind it is a bit confusing, but in Carvey’s words, “AuREUS is actually a material, or a technology. With AuREUS, we upcycle the crops of the farmers that were hit by natural disasters, such as typhoons, which also happen to be an effect of climate change. By transforming them into new energy, we can be both future- looking, and solve the problems that we are currently experiencing now.”
While it’s clear to us that this product is special, Carvey was still caught by surprise when he found out he won the competition. It took a few days for him to process the news, and he’s already looking at what he can create next! “I was very happy because I know that through this award, I will be able to reach out to more people,” he added. “This is my second time applying, and through persistence, I managed to win.”
1. What is the function of the second paragraph?| A．To offer background information about Carvey. |
| B．To show how Carvey prepared for the competition. |
| C．To explain why Carvey could win the competition. |
| D．To introduce some unknown factors behind the win. |
| A．Its sustainability. | B．Its high technology. |
| C．Its new materials. | D．Its effective use. |
| A．It can detect some food waste. |
| B．It may promote crop production. |
| C．It is mainly meant for farmers. |
| D．It can make waste advantageous. |
| A．Positive and hotheaded. | B．Hard-working and humble. |
| C．Helpful and persistent. | D．Broad-minded and accessible. |
10 . Kiska, the last captive (圈养的) killer whale in Canada — also known as “the loneliest whale in the world” — has died, according to local media.
The whale, believed to be 47 years old, died on March 9, 2023. Ontario’s Solicitor General Ministry spokesperson Brent Ross confirmed to CBC. Kiska, who spent over four decades in captivity, lived at Marineland, a zoo and amusement park in Niagara Falls, after being captured in Icelandic waters in 1979 alongside Keiko, the star of the movie Free Willy. Marineland said that Kiska’s health had declined in recent weeks.
The news comes four years after the country officially banned whales and dolphins from being bred or held in captivity. However, marine mammals like Kiska that were already held in captivity would remain so, according to the new law. Kiska’s death marks the end of captive whales in Canada.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) said Kiska “spent her final years isolated in a tank, swimming in endless circles or sometimes floating listlessly.”
Kiska’s life of continued isolation led the Whale Sanctuary Project to describe her as “the loneliest whale in the world.”
Both animal rights groups reported that Kiska died of a bacterial infection. Ross told CBC that animal welfare officials had conducted a necropsy (尸检) of the mammal.
Kiska underwent several hardships while living at the amusement park, according to PETA. These included the deaths of all five of her children and the departure of her sole tankmate Ikaika in 2011. Videos of Kiska slamming her head against her tank wall multiple times began circulating on social media in 2021.
Kiska was one of the last survivors of the Icelandic captures back in the 1970s. She lived the last 12 years of her life completely along, no other whales or in fact any other species were there to keep her company.
“It is heartbreaking to know that Kiska will never have the chance to be relocated to a whale reserve and experience the freedom that she so deeply deserved.” Camille Labchuk, executive director of Animal justice, told CBC.
There are at least 55 killer whales being held in captivity in marine parks around the world, according to the Whale and Dolphin Conservation. Killer whales are known to be very social mammals and are not suitable for captivity. Chronic stress can weaken the immune system and physiology of captive killer whales, leading to illness and even death.
1. Which of the following statement is true about Kiska?| A．She died as the last captive killer whale in the world. |
| B．She was captured in the ocean more than 40 years ago. |
| C．She was a star in a film called Free Willy. |
| D．She should have been set free according to a new law passed in 2019. |
| A．Because Kiska’s death marks the end of captive whales in Canada. |
| B．Because Kiska was kept alone after a bacterial infection. |
| C．Because Kiska lived the last 12 years of her life without company. |
| D．Because all five of Kiska’s children died ahead of her. |
| A．Without enthusiasm. | B．Without destination. |
| C．Without breath. | D．Without effort. |
| A．It’s time we stop catching killer whales |
| B．The death of a killer whale leads to a new law in Canada |
| C．Kiska, the last survivor of the Icelandic captures, has died |
| D．Kiska, “the loneliest whale in the world”, dies in Canada |
