Jane Goodall had wanted     1     (work) with animals in their own environment since she was a child. But this was not easy.     2     she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for     3     woman to live in the forest. However,     4    the help of her mother, she began her work with the chimps, which changed the way     5    people think about chimps. Spending years observing and recording their daily activities, Jane discovered that chimps hunt and eat meat, against what people used to think. She also discovered how chimps communicate     6    each other.     7     (work) with the chimps for years, Jane has argued that wild animals should     8    (leave) in the wild and not used for     9    (entertain) or advertisements. She has achieved everything she wanted to do, but more     10     (important), she has got the world to understand and respect the lives of chimps.

Twelve laureates were awarded a Nobel Prize in 2020. Their achievements are     1     （benefit）to humankind.

Three scientists, Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez,     2     helped uncover the details about black holes, shared this year's Nobel Prize in Physics.

Black holes are massive objects whose gravitational field is so strong     3     nothing can escape it, not even light. At their centers, the laws of physics stop making sense.

No question, these objects are mysterious. Fortunately, the full picture gets clearer than before with scientists     4    （ continuous） working on them. Penrose eventually performed mathematical     5    （ calculation） that showed black holes were not just mathematical ideas     6    （ suggest） by

Einstein^’s theory but that they could form in conditions which are likely to exist in the universe. Using the world’s largest telescopes, Genzel and Ghez each lead astronomers who , since the early 1990s,    7    （focus） on a region called Sagittarius A * （人马座 A 星）at the centre of our galaxy. They     8           （ develop） methods to see through the huge clouds of interstellar （星云）gas and dust     9     the centre of the Milky Way. They also improved new techniques,    10    （ devote） themselves to long-term research. Their pioneering work has given us the most convincing evidence of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.

Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals are animals.The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get    1    (they) famously brilliant color from algae(藻类）living inside them.

When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or     2     (pollute),they end their interdependent relationship with this algae,typically forcing them out     3    turning white, though one recent study indicates some corals turn a bright neon color when stressed.Corals are still alive when they bleach(白化），but they're     4     risk-essentially immunocompromised(免疫功能低下）－and many     5     (eventual) starve and die, turning a dark brown.

People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016, when an El Nino weather pattern,     6    causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean,     7    （mix) with an already unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.Since then, roughly half the corals on Australia's famous reefs     8    （die) in following bleaching events, risking an underwater landscape 1,500 miles long.

Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option is     9     (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.Scientists say creating marine shelter, where fishing, mining,and recreating are off limits, makes the reefs     10     (healthy), and so much stronger.

Many people know that marine mammals，like whales and dolphins，breathe air as we do.    1    , many people don't know that they have developed some interesting sleeping     2     (habit) to adjust to their regular trips up to the surface for air.

    3     ( like ) our own breathing，which does not require any effort，marine mammals must consciously go to the surface of the water    4     ( breathe) through a blowhole on top of their heads. Because of this，they don't sleep for    5     solid 8 hours a night like we do.

Some marine mammals sleep while    6     (swim ). Whales nap for brief periods，during    7    an alert(警觉的）friend guides them. In fact, a young whale must sleep alongside its mother because the mother's slipstream actually pulls the calf along.

Others，like dolphins，sleep while floating on the surface of the water or take short catnaps while floating below the surface.Researchers claim that when they sleep，their brain is always    8    ( partial) alert.Aside from these brief naps，dolphins are active most of the night.

Of course，marine mammals    9    ( equip) to handle underwater sleeping. They have    10    ( large)lungs，exchange air more fully at each breath， and carry more oxygen in their blood than we do, so they can hold their breath long enough to sleep with the fishes.

Huanglong is a beautiful natural area in the northwest part of Sichuan, China. It     1     (locate) in the southern part of the Minshan mountain range, 370 kilometers from the capital, Chengdu. The Huanglong Valley is a special     2    ( attract) here.

Huanglong     3     (get) its name from the river looking like a huge golden dragon in ancient times. It's actually a chain of     4     (pool) that flow through the valley. It runs 2. 5 kilometers to the north. In Huanglong, the soft mineral,     5     is colorless or white, formed a type of rock over thousands of years. This mineral gives the water its     6    ( variety) shades of green, blue, brown_? and     7    ( main) yellow. The waterway with its jewel-colored pools flows between peaks covered with snow like a great yellow dragon     8     (wander) through the mountains. There are about 3,400 of these natural pools throughout the valley .

All, however, are only for viewing. In order to protect the landscape, visitors are not encouraged     9     (go) into the water. As Huanglong is also home     10     several endangered animals, including the panda and the Sichuan golden monkey, hunting and hiking are forbidden here.

Cities usually have good reason for being where they are,     1     a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbor at the mounth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years     2     (it) population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop     3     (slow) over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野). But gold     4     (discover) there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.

Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow     5     could fall without warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path,     6     (cause) 63 deaths. For many who made it to Dawson,     7    , the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with     8     (disappoint) people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson city as quickly as they     9     (come). Today people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.     10     (tour) is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.

Do you enjoy food, culture, entertainment, and shopping? You could be delighted at     1     (visit) Chinatown in Manhattan New York. New York’s Chinatown is     2     (convenient) located right next to Little Italy on Manhattan Island,     3     is one of the largest surviving ethnic Chinese communities outside of Asia. There are a number of     4       (landmark) in Chinatown that tourists or locals can go to see when weather permits. Chinatown, along with Little Italy in New York,     5     (list) in a historic district on the National Register of Historical Places in 2010.

If you want to try delicious food, Chinatown might be the     6     (good) place to go. Not only do they serve a special plate of Garbage Fish, but they also can take out dishes that you have no idea     7     is in them but pleasing to your taste buds nevertheless.

If you enjoy history, you will find that New York’s Chinatown is rich     8     history, culture, and civilization. It has fun for all ages. Whether you’re in Chinatown for     9     (relax) and entertainment, or to stop     10     (grab) a bite to eat, there is always something exciting going on that might grab your attention.

California is burning! Wildfires have spread (传播) across the US state and smoke     1     (fill) its skies since Oct 23. Take the Kincade Fire in northern California for example. It forced 200,000 people     2     (escape) from its path within one week.

California has seen many     3     (wildfire) in recent years. Why is this? California has the perfect wildfire conditions, Park Williams,     4     is a US climate expert, told The New York Times. It has dry air and high temperatures from spring through late fall. At     5     same time, seasonal winds blow across the state every year,     6     (cause) the wildfires to spread quickly and last for weeks.

Global warming has also made the fires     7     (bad) than before. It has dried out the state’s trees and other plants, which makes them burn     8     (easy). There are also other causes for California’s wildfires.     9    , it’s humans that have caused 90 percent of them, according    10     the US National Park Service.

Turning Deserts to Oases

Miracles are occurring in northwest China where stretches of deserts are turning green with thriving trees and luxurious grass. Decades of efforts have resulted     1     victory in the battle against desertification and China has not only achieved the UN sustainable development goal of zero net land degradation by 2030 well ahead of schedule, but also reversed（逆转）the trend of desertification and sandification.

The eco warriors have come up with a series of     2     （success） practices to end desertification, like the farmers’ group in Minqin,     3     county in Gansu Province, northwest China. Their success in fighting the approach of the desert offers important experience for desertification prevention and treatment. It is also the Chinese     4     （wise） for global ecological management.

China has the largest desert area in the world, with the largest number of people     5     （expose） to deserts and sandstorms. It is home to eight major deserts and four major sandy lands, which cover one     6     （five） of its territory. The western and northwestern parts are     7    （serious） affected by desertification.

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949，the government     8     （give） priority to the prevention and control of deserts,     9     is listed as one of the strategic missions of the nation.

Major ecological projects have been carried out to green the country. The Great Green Wall also known as the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, is the biggest tree-planting project in the world,     10     （create） a green barrier to keep the encroaching desert in the north at bay.