1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. behavior	B. challenging	C. appear	D. responsive	E. increased	F. sheltering
G. command	H. evaluate	I. banned	J. similar	K. frustration

Perhaps you’ve had to put up with a moody, uncooperative teenager. You may have been one yourself. A new study suggests that dogs go through a     1     phase of stubbornness and disobedience when they hit puberty (青春期) at about eight months old.

Looking at the behavior of a total of 378 dogs, researchers found that the animals were more obedient and more     2     on either side of that eight-month period—but only when it came to their owners, not to less familiar trainers.

So not only do dogs     3     to have a difficult puberty just like we do, they also share the     4     that we often feel towards our parents or caregivers when we hit our teenage years. That means a lot to long-term puppy care and     5    .

“This is a very important time in a dog’s life,” says animal     6     researcher Lucy Asher, from Newcastle University in the UK. “This is when dogs are often rehomed because they are no longer a cute little puppy and suddenly, their owners find they are more     7     and they can no longer control them or train them.”

“But as with human teenage children, owners need to be aware that their dog is going through a phase and it will pass.”

In one experiment with 93 Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and their cross breeds, the dogs at eight months old were found to take longer and be more reluctant to respond to a ‘sit’     8     given by their caregiver than they were when just five months old. The eight-month-olds didn’t show the same stubbornness when the command was given by a stranger, though.

The researchers found further evidence of this effect in survey data gathered on 285 Labradors, golden retrievers, German shepherds and their cross breeds. Dog owners and trainers less familiar with the dogs were asked to     9     the animals’ ‘trainability’ by answering questions on obedience and how quickly commands were responded to.

Again, the caregivers ranked their dogs as less obedient at eight months old compared with five months old or 12 months old. The trainers reported the     10     obedience between the ages of five months and eight months.

2 .

Mount Tai, located north of Tai'an in Shandong province, is the most sacred(神圣的) Taoist mountain and is of both historical and cultural significance in China.

The word tai in Chinese means stability and peace, and the name Tai'an is from the saying ''If Mount Tai is stable, so is the entire country. '' Jade Emperor Peak, the summit of Mount Tai with an altitude of 1,545 meters, offers tourists a(n)     1     bird's eye view of the city of Tai’an.

Among China's Five Great Mountains, Mount Tai, known as the eastern mountain, is only the third highest. Why is it regarded as the leader of the Five Great Mountains, then? In Chinese culture, east is     2     as a sacred direction, since it is where the sun and the moon rise. Therefore, Mount Tai is     3     with sunrise, birth and renewal(复兴).

Moreover, Mount Tai has been a place of worship for at least 3,000 years and     4     as one of the most essential     5     centers in China. According to records, a total of 72 emperors     6     sacrifices to heaven and earth on Mount Tai in history. Among them, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Mount Tai eight times. It was the first and foremost thing for emperors to do when they came into power, because Mount Tai was seen as the symbol of the kingdom’s peace and prosperity.

The supreme impressive     7     of Mount Tai had been praised by lots of great historical     8    , such as Confucius, Li Bai and Du Fu. From the time of Confucius till today, countless poems and essays depicting Mount Tai in praise have been     9    , leaving a great many cultural relics(遗迹) on the mountain. In 1987, Mount Tai was listed as both a World Natural Heritage site and a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO. Nowadays, many     10     scholars still come to Mount Tai to get inspiration for poems, essays, paintings and pictures.

3 .

A. imagine　　　B. native　　　C. threatened　　　D. blossom　　　AB. cover　　　AC. expecting AD. wondering　　　BC. extend　　　BD. care　　　CD. informed　　　ABC. produce

One of the world's largest flowers, known as the ''corpse(尸体) flower'', will bloom at the Toronto Zoo – a first for the zoo and the city.

The corpse flower, officially titled Amorphophallus Titanum, has been recorded as having the world's tallest bloom. The Corpse Flower smells like a rotting corpse, and it looks like it belongs in the movie Avatar. People would     1     that the smell helps prevent it from being eaten, but, despite this defense mechanism, the plant is still very rare. According to the IUCN, it's a(n)     2     species. It’s not actually one big flower, but thousands upon thousands of little male and female flowers. These exude(分泌) oils, while the center will collect heat. The heat causes the oils to create the smell that attracts the beetles that pollinate the flower. In case you were     3    , a mature plant can weigh 200 pounds.

For the first time ever the corpse flower will bloom at the Toronto Zoo, with officials     4     the majority of the plant's specimens to bloom in the next two weeks.

''This species only blooms for 8 to 36 hours and this is the first time the kind of flower has bloomed in the Greater Toronto Area, and the fifth time one has bloomed within Canada! '' the Zoo said in a statement.

One of the six specimens of the smelly plant, under the     5     of the Zoo's horticulture(园艺) division, has begun its early bloom – four years ahead of schedule.

The corpse plant,     6     to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, can take six to ten years to     7     its first flower, a zoo keeper said.

The Toronto Zoo has continued to keep the public     8     of the status of the flower and when it's projected to bloom. The zoo will     9     viewing hours in its Greenhouse during the plant's bloom period.

The corpse plant that has started its early bloom, dubbed ''Pablo 'Pe-ew' Caso'', is expected to bloom towards the end of the week.

''It's a big event and we're very excited here at the Toronto Zoo, '' said Paul Gellatly, a gardener at the zoo. Facebook users have also expressed excitement over the anticipation for the plant's bloom period. ''Anxiously waiting for the     10    ! It's amazing! '' one Facebook user wrote on the zoo's page.

4 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. potentially B. filmed C. dropped D. commonly E. treats F. sympathy G. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confident

Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans

Dogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.

It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.

But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention.

Puppy dog eyes, in which the     1     is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most     2     used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites     3     and affection in humans.

Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be     4     that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”

“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food     5     did not have the same effect.”

“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are     6     to humans’ attention and that expressions are     7     active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were     8     throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.

They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they     9     facial expressions.

Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were     10    .

“Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”she said.

5 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Here is a lesson that we’re going to be taught again and again in the coming years: Most animals are not just animals. They’re also     1     of microbes (微生物). If you really want to understand the animal, you also have to understand the world of microbes inside them. In other words, zoology is ecology.

Consider the western corn rootworm---- a beetle that’s a serious pest of corn in the US. The adults have strong preferences for laying eggs in corn fields, so that their underground larvae (幼虫) hatch into a     2     of corn roots. This life cycle depends on a continuous year-on-year supply of corn. Farmers can use this dependency against the rootworm, by planting soybean and corn in alternate years. These rotations (轮流) mean that rootworms lay eggs into corn fields but their larvae hatch among soybean, and die.

But the rootworms have     3     to this strategy by reducing their strong     4     for laying eggs in corn. These “rotation-resistant” females might lay among soybean fields, so their larvae hatch into a crop of corn.

There are almost certainly genetic differences that separate the rotation-resistant rootworms from their normal     5    . Researchers at the University of Illinois began to study the genes of the bacteria in its gut (肠) and found some answers, after focusing on the rootworm’s own genes and found that the results were mostly inconclusive.

“The bad guy in the story----the western corn rootworm---was actually part of a multi-species plot,” says Joe Spencer, who was part of the study. “No wonder it was hard to figure out what was happening. We were only looking at the most obvious     6     of the story.”

If you really want to understand the animal, you also have to understand the microbes. The rootworm’s gut bacteria are effectively another one of its organs, but an     7     flexible change on that can happen dramatically when     8     to a new food source. This allows the insects to adapt very quickly to environmental challenges, far more quickly than if they could only rely on mutations (突变) in their own genes.

Spencer says, “Modern agriculture has always underestimated the ability of pests to avoid pest control, and I think the     9     that pest insects are not alone in their efforts should give us some     10    . There is a brand new tiny world out there inside every creature, and we need to start thinking seriously about it.”

6 . 根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空。每个单词只能用一次，每空一词。

As you may know, coral (珊瑚) is not a plant, but an animal. However, coral reefs (珊瑚礁) around the world are in    1    . Here is a piece of bad news. Thailand will close one of its beaches to protect its coral       2     business activities for tourists. The beach is so famous that     3    of tourists put it on their wish lists. More than 5,000 visitors visit it a day. They arrive by boat. This does    4     harm to the coral reefs. Most of the coral has died. The beach will be closed between June and September to let the coral come    5    to life．

Experts (专家) say that 80％of Thailand’s coral reefs have been    6    . Too many tourists     7     a lot of pollution to these beaches. An expert said the biggest problems were hotels by the beaches, boats, and plastic waste in the sea. He believed the     8    choice was to close the beaches forever. He said, “I hope the       9       can take steps to protect the coral reefs. At the same time, I also hope all of us should    10    our best to protect the environment around us.”

7 . Directions: Complete the following sentences and passage by using the words or expressions in the box. Each can only be used once. Note that there is more word or expressions than you need.

A. access 　　　B. surrounded 　　　C. remains 　　 　D. contains　　　 E. located F. trend 　　 　G. magnificent 　　　H. maintain　　　 I. historical　　　 J. attractions

There are a few gorgeous island countries in the world that are definitely worth visiting. Although there are many beautiful countries in the world to visit, it has recently been a     1     for many Chinese to visit island countries during their holidays. So take a look at these island countries in the world, which everyone should certainly visit at least once in lifetime.

Malta is a beautiful southern European country in the Mediterranean Sea, which has a rich history and a variety of culture. In fact, there are plenty of interesting things to see and to do in Malta and this island country,     2     by lots of mysterious hidden coves (小海湾), it has something for everyone. The     3     part of Malta has incredible architecture, great walled cities, and many underground     4     to explore.

The Philippines is one of the most beautiful and best island countries The Philippines     5     over 7,000 islands and all of them are beautiful and unique in their own way. There are many wonderful tourist     6     including Mayon Volcano (火山), the Chocolate Hills and many more. The country also offers plenty of interesting activities for you to experience, such as diving, climbing, camping and many others.

The Maldives is not only one of the most beautiful island countries, it is also one of the most popular honeymoon destinations. The Maldives,     7     in the middle of the Indian Ocean, is made up of an entire series of incredible ancient coral reefs (珊瑚礁) that grew up along the sides of ancient volcanoes. There is a     8     ocean, with fascinating beaches and luxury resorts (豪华度假区). You can now have easy     9     to Maldives by air, and there are luxury hotels of various styles on different islands.

8 . Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Red grouper(石斑鱼) are known for a few key characteristics — their color, which can     1    from pink to bright orange; their tastiness, whether they’re grilled or fried; and their predation (掠夺行为) method, in which they       2     sea creatures and swallow them whole.

But their least-known characteristic might be the most valuable of all: They operate as underwater architects,     3     the seascape for numerous other forms of underwater life. That surprising discovery is     4     scientists and policymakers to readjust their approach to preserving the ocean’s natural order — and heightening tensions with those who fish for a living or as a hobby.

A team of scientists, led by Florida State University’s Felicia Coleman, recently found that the red grouper off Florida’s east and west coasts have created entire ocean       5    by digging large holes in the sea’s sandy bottom. In the same way beavers     6    dams, red grouper dig and maintain distinct holes whose rocky surfaces provide a place for coral, sponges and other marine life to gather.

This new understanding is changing the way federal and state authorities manage ocean habitats and is creating a completely new crack with fishermen. “The people who are in control want to     7     fishing as much as possible,” said Bob Jones, executive director of the Southeastern Fisheries Association. He added that the recent discoveries about red grouper amount to an “excuse they can use to restrict fishing,     8    or recreational.”

But to many researchers, fishery officials and even some fishermen, the fact that fish act as environmental engineers provides a compelling reason to protect them from exploitation.

“If you     9     that fish, it puts into motion a whole chain of events,” said Don deMaria, who used to fish for red grouper near Key Largo, Fla., but no longer does. “There’s a whole lot of other animals that are     10    . I’m not saying you can’t catch them. But you can’t do it to the extent we’ve been doing for the last 20 years.”

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?

Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.     1     America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and     2     species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas     3     suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.

Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren't only     4     the world's tea-growing regions, they're also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places,     5     East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the     6     of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.

Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and     7     warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also     8     toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.

And that     9     "crack" you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood     10     would run out by the year 2050.

10 . 选词填空，并翻译划线句子

A Night The Earth Didn't Sleep

On July 28，1976，a magnitude 7. 8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan in northeastern China. The very large earthquake killed over 240, 000people，making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century.

In a village outside of Tangshan，well water rose and fell three times the day before the earthquake.Water pipes throughout the area cracked and     1     .Animals also gave a warning that something was about to happen.Chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran around looking for a place to     2     .A goldfish began jumping wildly in its bowl.   Stranger Indeed.Many people reported seeing strange lights as well as hearing     3    ，which was described as louder than that of an airplane.

At 3:42 a. m. on July 28，over a million people lay sleeping.   As the earth began to shake，it seemed as if the world was     4    .One-third of the nation felt it.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in     5    .Two-thirds of people died or were     6    during the earthquake.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals，75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.     7     were faced with no water，no food，and no electricity.People were shocked.Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the     8    workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.

All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150, 000 soldiers and thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to     9     those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built     10     for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by train，truck and plane. Though it took time，the entire city was rebuilt，earning Tangshan the name“Brave City of China.”

The very large earthquake killed over 240, 000 people，making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century.

    11    

Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.

    12