1 . An earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.

If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.     1     Drop down onto the ground. Get under an object that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your head. If you’re in bed when the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.

    2     Don’t take shelter under trees, streetlights, telegraph poles or tall buildings. If you are driving stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse over you.     3    

If you are trapped in the ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing. Use your cellphone to call for help if possible. Don’t shout.     4     Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.

Be prepared for aftershocks    5     However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe position after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.

A．Don’t move about or kick up dost.

B．If you’re outside, go to an open space.

C．Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.

D．Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object.

E．Take a good hold of your cellphone in the building.

F．They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.

G．Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to get out.

2 . After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.

Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.

The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.

As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.

The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.

1. What is the text mainly about?

A．Wildlife research in the United States.

B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.

C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.

D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.

2. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?

A．Damage to local ecology.

B．Preservation of vegetation.

C．A decline in the park’s income.

D．An increase in the variety of animals.

3. What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?

A．Doubtful.

B．Uncaring.

C．Positive.

D．Disapproving.

3 . In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common.     1     In thunderstorms, lightning can strike people and buildings and is very dangerous.

It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree. He died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world.     2     So what should you do during a lightning storm? Scientists say that a person’s chances of   being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000.     3    

If you are indoors during a thunderstorm:

*Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it.

*Don’t stand near the windows.

*Don’t take a shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water.

* Never use the phone.       4    

If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors:

*     5     If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in.

*Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.

* Never use a cell phone.

A．Try to get home as soon as possible.

B．Go into a nearby building or car right away.

C．But it is very important for us to learn about lightning.

D．In fact, many people are killed by lightning every year.

E．Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you.

F．Since they happen often, some people don’t take them seriously.

G．But you can reduce those chances by following these safety rules.

5 . A five-year-old dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.

The man, Bob, was alone when he left his Michigan farm house on New Year’s Eve to collect firewood. Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around -4℃.

After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance. “I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10:30 pm,” Bob explained. “But my Kelsey came. By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn’t yell for help, but Kelsey didn’t stop barking.” Kelsey’s companion kept him warm by lying on top of him. She licked his face and hands to keep him awake. “Kelsey kept barking but never left my side,” Bob recalled. “She kept me warm. I knew I couldn’t give up and that it was my choice to stay alive.”

Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold. When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob’s neighbor discovered him at 6:30 pm on New Year’s Day and called the emergency services at once. When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21 ℃. However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn’t have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey’s determination to keep him warm. Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, “Animals can help and his dog really saved him...He was very fortunate.”

Bob said, “I was very grateful to both Dr. Colen and my Kelsey. They saved my life. They are truly heroes!”

1. What happened to Bob on New Year’s Eve?

A．He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.	B．He was praised for saving a dog owner.
C．He broke his neck and couldn’t move.	D．He heard his neighbor’s shouting for help.

2. Why did Kelsey keep barking?

A．To keep warm.	B．To stay alive.
C．To keep Bob awake.	D．To seek help from others.

3. How does Dr. Colen feel about Kelsey?

A．Helpful.

B．Fortunate.

C．Terrible.

D．Friendly.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．A Neck-breaking Accident	B．The Magic Night
C．Warmth on a Winter’s Night	D．Determination to Keep Alive

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I sat at the breakfast table with my four-year-old son, Andy, trying to ignore the ache in my stomach. “Mama, want to play?” “Not today, baby.” I shook my head. These days I could barely get out of bed. I was still recovering from an operation. I hoped for strength and happiness. But the future seemed so hopeless.

Suddenly Andy jumped up from his spot on the kitchen floor. “Bird!” he shouted, rushing to our courtyard. Sure enough, there was a white dove seated in a tree. It sat there for a few moments, and then flew away. Strange, I’d never seen one in our neighborhood before.

When I dragged myself to the kitchen the next morning, the dove was back. This time it was with a mate carrying sticks, “Look, Andy,” I said, pointing to the tree. “They are going to make a nest.” The doves flew in and out of the courtyard all week, building on top of the tree.

Andy could hardly contain his excitement. Every morning, he’d run into the kitchen and take his spot by the door, talking to the birds while they worked. His happiness was influential. Much as I was sad, I couldn’t help but look forward to the doves’ visit too.

Then it all went wrong. The courtyard was a safe enough spot for a nest, but the tree is broad, thin leaves were far from stable. One night, a strong wind blew, throwing the doves’ nest to the ground. I heard the twigs(细枝) break apart.

I examined the damage. Nothing good ever lasted. I wouldn’t blame the doves if it never came back. But they returned. They started again from the beginning. Again, though, the wind destroyed all their hard work. The next day, and the next, they started again, as if nothing had happened.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I knew I had to do something.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“It works! The birds are back!” Andy announced.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . Urban Wildlife

Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.

Cities are built for humans.     1     For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plants, we destroy natural habitats, which leads to the imbalance of ecology.  

    2     When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was home to thousands of bats.     3     Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors. The bats become an attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.  

There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Olympic Forest Park in Beijing is a good example. The park used native plants, and created open and natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.     4    

If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors of the wildlife around us.     5     Our own future will be endangered too.

A．They are built to protect birds.

B．Our actions sometimes help other species.

C．If we do not, more species will become extinct.

D．They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.

E．Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move more freely.

F．At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.

G．They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.

8 . For those of us who attempt to keep up with the fashion world to ensure our cupboard stays fresh, the real skeletons in our cupboards are those pieces we bought and only wore once or twice - mostly from following each season’s new trends.

With “fast fashion” brands like Forever 21, H&M and Zara’ constant output of new trendy clothing at low prices, it’s easy to fall into the trap of buying clothes regardless of whether you really need them. But unnecessary purchasing, and the mass production of clothing, isn’t just hard on our wallets - it’s hard on the environment.

One of the first steps in getting unwanted clothes out of your cupboard is to sell or consign (寄售) them. But because popular resale shops like Buffalo Exchange and Crossroads don’t accept fast fashion brands because they don’t profit enough from them, people often turn to throwing their old clothing in the dustbins.

Many consumers don’t realize that clothing and textiles (织物) are recyclable or how to recycle them. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States generated 16.22 million tons of waste textiles in 2017 and recycled only 2. 62 million tons. Ten and a half million tons of textiles were finally buried under the ground that year.

Vetements, a Parisian fashion brand worn by celebrities like Kanye West and Rihanna aimed to bring awareness to the problem of fast fashion brands and clothing waste with a recent Window display Saks Fifth Avenue in New York. The window contained a giant pile of clothes. The pile, which grew daily, was made up of old clothes donated by Saks employees and out-of-season items from the store.

On Aug.10, the clothing from the display was donated to RewearABLE, a Long Island recycling program that collects old clothes and textiles, and prepares them for resale or repurposes the textiles.

1. What keeps customers coming back to fast fashion chains like Forever 21, H&M and Zara?

A．Good shopping environment.

B．Discounts and promotional activities.

C．Warm and thoughtful service of the salesmen.

D．Low prices and a continuous supply of new looks.

2. Where can you find the data that best supports “fast fashion is hard on the environment” ?

A．In Paragraph 2.	B．In Paragraph 3.
C．In Paragraph 4.	D．In paragraph 5.

3. What can be learned about the window display created by Vetements?

A．It can help the environment.	B．It does good to people’s health.
C．It can help change people’s lives.	D．It will take the lead in the latest fashion.

4. What is the best title of the text?

A．How to Stop Buying Unnecessary Clothes

B．Fast Fashion Brands Spread Around the World

C．The Advantages and Disadvantages of Fast Fashion

D．Fast Fashion Can Kill Your Wallet and the Environment

10 . Fire ants tunnels got dug efficiently by only a small percentage of the group doing most of the work. Freeloaders, they just sit around while their hard-working colleagues get things done. But might freeloaders actually be necessary for society to function efficiently? The answer could be yes — at least when it comes to fire ants and their efforts to dig nests underground.

Fire ants are highly social organisms. So, Goldman and his colleagues wanted to know how individual ants knew what to do without a central leader issuing orders.To find out, Goldman’s team labeled individual fire ants with paint and then watched them dig their tunnels — only wide enough for two workers. Turns out, just 30 percent of the ants did 70 percent of the labor. “I was surprised that we ended up with so few workers actually doing the work at any one time.”

A quarter of the ants never even entered the tunnel. Others went inside, but left without digging out a single grain of dirt. These behaviors ensured the tunnels did not get clogged with insect traffic, which would make the construction process stop.

And when the scientists removed the five hardest-working ants from the tunnel, others immediately jumped in to compensate (补偿) — with no reduction in the group’s productivity. Seems that it doesn’t matter which ants are working or freeloading at a given time, as long as there is some division of labor to keep the tunnels flowing smoothly. The findings are in the journal Science.

The study could provide suggestions for the robotic. Imagine groups of robots sent to search for survivors from the ruins. Or nanobots (纳米机器人) coursing through our bodies to diagnose illness and deliver targeted medical treatment. Such robots will need to avoid getting jammed up in tight spaces. It might be necessary to program them so some just sit back and watch their colleagues work.

1. How do fire ants get the work done when digging tunnels?

A．They all work under the order of their leaders.

B．Only the strong ants do the majority of the work.

C．They all cooperate together and spare no effort to do the work.

D．Some work efficiently while others just sit around and do nothing.

2. What does the underlined word “clogged” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Covered.

B．Crowded.

C．Destroyed.

D．Spotted.

3. When the hardest-working ants were taken away by the scientists_______.

A．the rest of them didn’t know what to do

B．the leaders had to do the work by themselves

C．other ants took their place and continued to do the work

D．other ants were in panic and escaped from the tunnels immediately

4. According to the passage, the research findings can be applied to _______.

A．robot technology	B．social communication
C．underground construction	D．scientific observations