1 . A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone(无人机)threatens floating rubbish instead of people.

Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.

According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet(1.5 meters by 1.1 meter)，it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish(159.6 kg)and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.

By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.

"WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil，and heavy metals，and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines，"said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."

"Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter(周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17,000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23,000 for the autonomous model."

Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.

1. What do we know about the WasteShark?

A．It can frighten sharks away.	B．It is an ocean explorer.
C．It is a rubbish collector.	D．It can catch fish instead of people.

2. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A．The causes of ocean pollution.	B．The dangers of using plastics.
C．The severity of ocean garbage pollution.	D．The importance of ocean protection.

3. What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?

A．Avoid crashing into it.	B．Break it into pieces.
C．Swallow it.	D．Fly over it.

4. Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?

A．The WasteShark should be used more widely.

B．More measures should be taken to make water clean.

C．The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.

D．People should take a positive attitude to new technology.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence     1     they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been     2    (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.

Modern methods     3     tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive     4    (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut     5    (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a     6    (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by     7    (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are     8    (high) than they actually are. Of     9     nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six     10    (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

3 . When you take a walk in a town in a western country, you’ll often see people walking ________their dogs. It is still true that a dog is __________ animal in the world, but the reason why people ________ a dog has changed. Once upon a time, a man met a dog and wanted it to help him in the fight _______ other animals and he found the dog ________ him and did what he told him ________. Later people used dogs for hunting _________ other animals, and the dogs did not _________ when they got until they their masters agreed. So dogs were used for __________ sheep and guarding chickens. But now people in the towns and cities ___________ dogs to fight other animals for them. Why do they keep dogs? Of course, they keep them to ________ thieves, but the most important reason is _________ people feel _______ in the city. For a child, a dog is his ____________ friend when he has no friend to ______. For a young wife, a dog is her _____________ when she does not have her own. For old people, a dog is also a child when their _______ children have grown up and __________. Now people do not have to use a dog, but they keep it _____________ a friend, just like a member of the ________.

1.

A．from

B．with

C．along

D．for

2.

A．the loveliest

B．the cleverest

C．the kindest

D．the most useful

3.

A．train

B．walk

C．keep

D．take

4.

A．against

B．with

C．towards

D．for

5.

A．listen to

B．listening to

C．listened to

D．listening

6.

A．\

B．to

C．about

D．for

7.

A．. instead of

B．instead for

C．with

D．for

8.

A．like

B．eat

C．take

D．keep

9.

A．driving

B．training

C．tending

D．raising

10.

A．needn’t

B．need

C．didn’t need

D．do not need

11.

A．fight

B．catch

C．recognize

D．frighten

12.

A．that

B．why

C．because

D．frighten

13.

A．alone

B．happy

C．lonely

D．rich

14.

A．worst

B．best

C．most horrible

D．nearest

15.

A．talk with

B．play

C．play with

D．talk

16.

A．baby

B．child

C．girl

D．boy

17.

A．true

B．small

C．old

D．real

18.

A．left

B．disappeared

C．died

D．missed

19.

A．like

B．as

C．for

D．to

20.

A．society

B．family

C．home

D．house

4 . 某学校附近拟兴建一座化工厂。请你以该校学生的名义，根据下表内容写一篇短文，陈述反对兴建此化工厂的理由。字数100左右。

建厂结果	反对理由
为本市赚不少钱	危害大于好处
排放大量污水	严重污染饮用水
排放有毒气体	造成空气污染
占用大片土地	侵占学生们游戏、玩耍的场所

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . People asked to imagine how flooding or droughts would affect particular people or places were more likely to engage in environmentally friendly actions．

Many people view climate change as a distant threat． But having them imagine the tangible （有形的） consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this idea and encourage proenvironmental behavior， a new study suggests．

Researchers asked 93 college students to read a report on temperature anomalies （异常），floods and other climate change-related events that have affected the island． The scientists then asked 62 of the participants to write down three ways in which such phenomena might impact their future lives． Half the people in that group were instructed to imagine such situations in detail． The remaining 31 students did not complete either the writing or imagining steps， acting as a control group．

All the participants then rated their ideas of climate change risks by responding to questions such as "How likely do you think it is that climate change is having serious impacts on the world？" They used a scale from 1 （"very unlikely"） to 7 （"very likely"）． The average score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations than among those who had not． The results were later confirmed in a second experiment involving 102 participants．

Participants in the first experiment who had imagined the effects of climate change were more likely to say they would use air conditioning in an energy-saving manner． In the second experiment， nearly two thirds of people in the visualizing （想象） group signed up to help clean a beach， compared with 43 percent in the nonvisualizing one． And when offered a choice of a vegetarian （素食主义的）or nonvegetarian lunch box， nearly half the visualizers selected the environmentally friendlier meatless choice-compared with about 28 percent of the nonvisualizers．

The researchers did not track people to see if they behaved differently in their day-to-day lives-something further studies should examine， says study co-author Wen-Bin Chiou． Moreover， the research ''should be done again in other places with other populations，" says Robert Gifford， a professor of psychology at the University of Victoria in British Columbia， who was not involved in the work．

The findings could be applied to raise public concern about climate change， Chiou says． For example， he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its effects on people，s lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts． Having virtual-reality demonstrations （展示）in local science museums of the consequences of climate change would be another way of putting the research into practice， Chiou adds．

1. Which of the following statements about the study is true？ ______

A．Only one experiment was carried out for the study．

B．Professor Robert Gifford played a key role in the study．

C．The control group only completed the writing step in the experiment．

D．Participants asked to imagine detailed effects scored higher than those who weren't．

2. Future studies will probably be about whether ______ ．

A．it is true of other populations in other places

B．more money will be donated to the people affected by climate change-related events

C．people choose vegetarian lunch boxes in their daily lives

D．climate change will cause people to think about joining in a control group

3. To put the research into practice， Wen-Bin Chiou suggests that ______ ．

A．the government call on people to live a low-carbon life

B．people use air conditioning in an energy-saving manner

C．people experience possible effects of climate change through virtual reality facilities

D．news reports provide vivid descriptions of the effects of climate change on peoples5lives

4. The passage mainly tells us that ______ ．

A．different people may have different reactions to climate change

B．different forms of climate change may affect people's ideas in different ways

C．people may change their behavior after thinking about the vivid impacts of climate change

D．college students show great concern for the people affected by climate change

6 . When we see a person in deep sorrow， our immediate reaction is to lend a hand． Not to do so would be a moral failure． But what if we see an animal in deep sorrow， does the same logic apply？

This question was raised following the "rescue" of a group of penguins from an icy gully in Antarctica． It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties．

The film crew was alarmed when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young． The crew dug a shallow ramp so that a few of the penguins could save themselves．

The case has taken the international media by storm． Viewers watching this episode let out a sigh of relief on social media． "I'm so glad． I understand not getting directly involved， but a helping hand isn't intervening right？" viewer Kathryn Shaw tweeted．

However， others think that human intervention is unnatural． It's an unwritten rule among documentary filmmakers that they are there to observe， not to intervene， according to CBS News． For example， in another episode of Dynasties， David the chimpanzee， was left to die after he was filmed being beaten up by other chimps．

"Tragedy is a part of life． You can't have sunshine throughout your life． To have done anything else would only make matters worse and distort （扭曲）the truth，" said the show's creator David Attenborough，according to The Times．

In this case， however， Mike Gunton， the executive producer of the series， said that this was a one-off situation． "There were no animals going to suffer by intervening． It wasn't dangerous． You weren't touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this…they had the opportunity to not have to keep slipping down the slope，" he told the BBC．

Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen， wildlife photographer for National Geographic．

"I have a practical view when it comes to the natural rhythm （节律）of life，" he told Metro． "If it's ever a dangerous situation， no matter how gut-wrenching， you stay out of the way． Even when you are watching a male polar bear eat the young．"

But he said that he would help animals if he saw no real gain or disruption （扰乱） to the ecosystem．

Indeed， there will always be two sides to the coin， and human beings will forever be conflicted in such circumstances． "There's no rule book in those situations． You can only respond to the facts that are right there in front of you，" Will Lawson， the show's director， told Daily Mail．

1. The case has taken the international media by storm because ______ ．

A．people all over the world prefer documentaries of Antarctica

B．people were very curious about how the penguins died

C．what the film crew did upset people all over the world

D．it has caused a heated discussion on human intervention in wildlife

2. The underlined word "gut-wrenching" in Paragraph 9 probably means ______ ．

A．highly embarrassing	B．slightly worrying
C．very comforting	D．extremely upsetting

3. From this essay， we can learn that human intervention ______ ．

A．is a topic rarely mentioned by international media

B．once resulted in chimpanzee's death directly

C．is usually not expected in making documentary films

D．surely breaks the natural rhythm of life

7 . Just as John Lubbock said, we may sit in a library and yet be in all quarters of the earth. Here are some of the coolest libraries of the world.

Stuttgart City Library

Despite a classic white-on-white color, Stuttgart City Library is one of the most visually appealing modern libraries. The amazing modern and simple look is the product of the Korean architect Yi Eun-young. The German library opened in 2011, and cost nearly 80 million euros to construct.

Kanazawa Umimirai Library

Architects from the Coelacanth K&H Architects studio designed the Kanazawa Umimirai Library lo create the best reading environment. Healed floors, an outpouring of natural light, and other features were specifically included lo achieve this goal. The wall, which consists of thousands of tiny openings, allows natural lighting into the building, improving the overall feel of the space. This Japanese library was opened in 2011, and reflects the appearance of many modern and simple spaces.

Library of Congress

In 1800, Congress set up the Library of Congress in Washington D.C.. Fifteen years later, Thomas Jefferson offered his personal library to replace books that were lost when the British set the building on fire in 1814. His books, which took nearly 50 years to collect, varied from texts on science, literature and philosophy, to books in a variety of foreign languages. These days, the Library of Congress offers more than 155 million items and the largest rare book collection in North America.

State Library of Victoria

The Slate Library of Victoria, located in Melbourne, Australia, is one of the largest exhibiting libraries in the world. Though it opened in 1856, major repairs took place between 1990 and 2004. The La Trobe Reading Room is one of the library’s main attractions due to its visually amazing architecture. The lawn at the library’s front attracts hundreds of city folk each day, who gather for lunch or to enjoy the statues there. The library currently contains over two million books, as well as armor (盔甲) of Ned Kelly, a folk hero against the ruling class.

1. Which library has the longest history?

A．Stuttgart City Library.	B．Kanazawa Umimirai Library.
C．Library of Congress.	D．State Library of Victoria.

2. What’s special about Stale Library of Victoria?

A．It has great architecture.

B．It has a folk hero’s statue in it.

C．It is the world’s largest exhibiting library.

D．It serves as a meeting place for the citizens.

3. What does the first two libraries have in common?

A．They are constructed in the modern style.

B．They cost a large amount of money.

C．They are designed by Korean architects.

D．They feature providing readers with natural light.

8 . 请认真阅读下面一段英语对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
A: as a volunteer of Friends of Nature(FON), please come to the key roles of this ENPO.
B: Of course. FON, set up in 1994,works towards environmental protection throughout China. We try to instruct the public to promote public involvement and influence the government on issues of environmental protection. We also help enterprise（企业）develop a greater concern for environmental issues.
A: That’s a third great force between the government and the public to protect the environment .What can its volunteers do then ?
B: We have quite a few environmental programs for the volunteers to participate in ,where they can develop themselves to the full and their commitments can make a big difference to nature.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述对话的主要内容；
2. 保护环境需要哪些力量的共同努力？简要谈谈你的看法；
3. 如果你是自然之友（FON）的志愿者，谈谈你在环保方面的2-3点做法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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9 . 课文原词填空

Many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it. However , many poorer nations must focus on     1    the everyday needs of their people. In doing so , they are using up natural resources at a fast pace . They have not yet seen the effects of the     2    use of the environment like many wealthy nations have. Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad for the environment . Should they be     3    for destroying hundreds of thousands of acres of rainforest if it means a better income for their people? The developed and developing countries need to work     4    make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives without the environment around them     5    .

10 . Pyramid of Giza

One of seven wonders of ancient world also becomes favorite site for astronomers to capture photographs from the orbit. It is not at all visible with naked eyes from space, so astronomers used special cameras for it .

Grand Canyon

It surely takes many days to enjoy every site of 277-mile-long Grand Canyon in Arizona, But the astronauts at orbits of Earth are able to see Grand Canyon with their own eyes all at once. The space images of Grand Canyon help the scientists to make surface map of the steep sided Canyon , also to monitor the changes within its surface.

Ganges River Delta

Ganges River Delta is 220 miles long; this amazing geographic feature can also seen from orbits of Earth . When the river becomes empty , it becomes the largest remaining habitat of Bengal tiger and other rich wild life.

Palm Island, Dubai

Palm Island along with world islands of Dubai can be seen even from space . The Palm Island actually holds two artificial island in shape of palm tree, spreading across in an area of 100,000 square meters. You can meet hundreds of luxury hotels and parks within this man-made wonder.

1. Which of the following cannot be seen from space without special equipment?

A．pyramid of Giza.	B．Grand Canyon.
C．Ganges River Delta.	D．Palm Island, Dubai.

2. According to the passage ,which pf the following is true?

A．The space pictures of Grand Canyon are intended just for entertainment.

B．Grand Canyon is longer than Ganges River Delta by 57 miles.

C．Ganges River Delta is always the largest habitat or various wild animals.

D．Palm trees on Dubai artificial islands cover an area of 100,000 square meters.