1 . 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics     1     are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane       2    （view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others     3     （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and     4    （change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,     5    （rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists     6     （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.

Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak     7     she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of     8     time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the     9     （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans     10    （continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."

2 . If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.

Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images (图像) of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person’s face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.

The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. “We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth,” said study author Corsin Muller. “Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.”

“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions,” Muller told Live Science.

At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. “To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them,” Muller said.

1. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.

A．distinguish shapes	B．make sense of human faces
C．feel happy or angry	D．communicate with each other

2. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?

A．Researchers tested the dogs in random order.

B．Diverse methods were adopted during training.

C．Pictures used in the two stages were different

D．The dogs were photographed before the lest.

3. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．A suggestion for future studies.	B．A possible reason for the study findings.
C．A major limitation of the study	D．An explanation of the research method.

3 . All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.

Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.

So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”

In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.

1. What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?

A．It has achieved notable success.	B．It is led by number of schools.
C．It began in Europe in the 1970s.	D．It will spread to the countryside.

2. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?

A．To promote eco-tourism.	B．To improve forestry research.
C．To popularise gardening.	D．To get people close to nature.

3. What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?

A．They are small in size.	B．They are thickly planted.
C．They are foreign species.	D．They are heavily fertilised.

4 . 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

On a hot September afternoon, Peter and his friend Isabel were on their way to the library. When they passed by Tubman park, Isabel suggested cutting through it to get to the library. As they entered the park, the sight of the swings (秋千) and the merry-go-round brought back a flood of memories of their childhood spent there. But now everything looked so old, sad, and dirty. Litter lay on the ground next to an overflowing trash bin. There were still young schoolchildren playing there but they had to avoid the trash that littered the playground. A little boy told them that the city took the other trash cans away and the remaining one never got emptied often.

As they headed toward the library, the two high school students wrinkled their forehead. In the library, they encountered Mrs. Evans, their kind-hearted fifth-grade teacher, retired yet still passionate. Mrs. Evans listened as Isabel and Peter eagerly explained what they’d seen. Finally, she recommended them to go to the City Hall to voice their concerns.

The next day, Isabel and Peter went into the building of the City Hall but were met with an impatient officer. They were informed that the city couldn’t help with their problem due to a tight budget. Discouraged, they left and turned to Mrs. Evans for help.

Under her guidance, they decided to ask Go Green, a non-profit organization whose goal is to protect the environment, for help. “This group is good at raising money for projects just like yours, ” said Mrs. Evans. She promised to arrange them to present their ideas to Go Green. Hearing this, their face lit up.

Two main tasks remained ahead: researching ways to clean up the park and preparing a convincing presentation. As Isabel was good at researching while Peter always had a talent for speaking, they cooperated quite well. Isabel learned from a science magazine that a new type of trash bin can squeeze the trash down without being emptied often, which saves time, money, and energy. Based on this, Peter practiced his presentation over and over again.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients     1     (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物). It is assumed, for a person to be healthy,     2     yin and yang forces should he in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about     3     (restore) the balance between yin and yang forces in patients. It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play     4     vital role in medical treatment in China today.

According to the World Health Organization, nearly 80 percent of the world's population depends for its primary health care needs    5     medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are     6     (wide) used.

Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances from animals and plants. Given growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading    7     (popular) of natural remedies around the world, the demand for these medicines and remedies     8     (rise) now. The rising demand,     9     (combine) with reduced habitat, has caused an alarming increase in the number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years. For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros, and sea horse,     10     are all in danger.

6 . On a dark night, 11-year-old Joe was playing hide-and-seek with his friends in the backyard when he thought he saw Magellan—a huge housecat. However, when the cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. He backed away from the animal, then turned and ran inside the house.

Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in the U.S. Most people assume that’s because cougar populations are growing, or because the big cats are coming into closer contact with the expanding web of human suburbs. But Professor Robert Wielgus at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting policies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts.

Wielgus’s research teams have been fitting the big cats with radio collars and monitoring their movements. They find that the cougar population is actually declining rapidly and almost no male cougars are over four years of age. And a study shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted area—even though the density of cougars is about the same in both areas.

Wielgus suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble. To test his theory, he adds two more groups of cougars to the tracking program—one in a heavily hunted area and another in a comparable but lightly hunted area. He concludes that heavy hunting indeed almost wipes out older males and the population structure in the heavily hunted area shifts toward younger animals.

With these findings, Wielgus believes without adults to keep them under control, the disorderly teens are more likely to come into conflict with humans, farm animals and pets.

Wielgus’s ideas don’t sit well with everyone. “Hunting definitely does cause lots of teenage males to flow in, but I don’t yet see solid proof that they are more likely to cause trouble than older cats,” says the University of Montana’s Robinson. “In many cases, the new arrivals have been squeezed out of remote wilderness habitat and forced into areas where they are more likely to encounter humans. I think humans are primarily responsible for all the interaction you see. We’re moving into these areas where cougars and deer are,” according to Alldredge, a researcher at the Colorado Division of Wildlife.

We may not understand what makes 18-year-old males more likely than 48-year-old men to do dangerous things, Wielgus says, but we know that the world would be a different place, if teenagers were in charge.

1. The passage begins with a story to ________.

A．lead into the topic	B．describe an incident
C．show the author’s attitude	D．warn of the dangers of cougars

2. The underline word “culprit” in Para. 4 is closest in meaning to ________.

A．effect

B．evidence

C．cause

D．target

3. Which of the following is true?

A．Alldredge agrees hunting results in the arrival of lots of teens.

B．Robinson doubts whether age is a key factor in human-cougar conflicts.

C．Alldredge believes killing older males may cause a bigger threat.

D．Robinson holds humans are to blame for the fall of older males.

4. What might Wielgus suggest to reduce cougar attacks?

A．Driving teenage cougars back into their natural habitat.

B．Getting people to move out of the areas where cougars are.

C．Forbidding children to play in the backyard by themselves.

D．Changing hunting policies to ensure a healthy cougar population.

7 . 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Perhaps the finest nature writer of the Twentieth Century, Rachel Carson (1907-1964)     1     (remember) more today as the woman who challenged the idea that humans could obtain mastery over nature by chemicals, bombs and space travel than for her studies of ocean life.     2     (work) for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Washington, DC,     3     (primary) as a writer, she was always aware of the effect that humans had on the natural world. All her books were physical explanations of life, all     4     (fill) with miracle of what happens to life in and near the sea.

Carson wrote about how islands were formed, how     5     (current) change and merge (融合), how temperature affects sea life,     6     how erosion (侵蚀) affects not just shore lines but fish populations and tiny micro-organisms. But how, she wondered, would the educated public be kept informed of these challenges to life     7     (it)? In Silent Spring, she asked the hard questions about whether and why humans had the right to control nature; to decide who lives or     8     (die), to poison or to destroy non-human life. In showing that all biological systems were dynamic and by urging the public     9     (question) authority, to ask "Who speaks and why?" Rachel Carson became a social revolutionary, and Silent Spring became the handbook for     10     future of all life on Earth.

8 . A single tremble shook beneath my feet. The trees above me began to sway(摇摆) hard. Then came the deadly_________that could only mean one thing, destruction. Every house and object was now_________. My vision blurred (模糊) even more when I saw the remains of my house. The house that used to_________all the happiness in the world was now_________a pile of ruined pieces. I_________all the times I played with my little brother and sister. Images of them were_________in my mind, so I let the darkness sweep over me completely so I could see them vividly one last time. I regained a bit of my_________after lying on the ground for some time. My eyes viewed different things, but I walked on mindlessly, with no_________to anything around me at all.

Years have passed since the disaster that_________me years ago. I never thought I would be okay again after this__________event.

Today I am going on a trip to California to help__________of a recent earthquake. Then, I see her. A young girl is weeping into her arm. I walk toward her. Losing family was__________, but because of my life changing experience, I am strong, and I can__________the lives of those who are suffering as I was. When I reach the girl, she stares at me with sad eyes, and I gently stick out my hand for her to hold to. One day, she may__________others the way I did for her. She holds my hand tightly, and together, we look for a brighter future where we can help those around us and__________the world starting with one disaster at a time.

1.

A．silence

B．power

C．emergency

D．extinction

2.

A．under pressure

B．in ruins

C．on hand

D．in shock

3.

A．promote

B．supply

C．contain

D．measure

4.

A．extremely

B．obviously

C．actually

D．simply

5.

A．adapted to

B．thought of

C．concentrated on

D．worked out

6.

A．carved

B．buried

C．designed

D．observed

7.

A．balance

B．memory

C．strength

D．impression

8.

A．request

B．comparison

C．path

D．reaction

9.

A．struck

B．identified

C．threatened

D．reminded

10.

A．amazing

B．frightening

C．exciting

D．challenging

11.

A．professionals

B．volunteers

C．survivors

D．experts

12.

A．painful

B．unusual

C．awkward

D．unique

13.

A．appreciate

B．possess

C．exchange

D．improve

14.

A．affect

B．recognize

C．recommend

D．contact

15.

A．establish

B．change

C．remove

D．revise

9 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it     1     (build) in 1963.

In addition to water     2     (lose) due to years of drought, the US Geological Survey found, Lake Powell     3     (face) an average annual loss in storage capacity of about 33,270 acre-feet per year between 1963 and 2018. That’s enough water     4     (fill) the Reflecting Pool on the National Mall about 1,600 times.

The capacity of the reservoir is becoming smaller because of sediments (沉淀物)     5     (flow) in from the Colorado and San Juan rivers. Those sediments settle at the bottom of the reservoir     6     decrease the total amount of water that the reservoir can hold. It’s bad news for a region     7     has already faced water shortages and extreme wildfires due to the drought.

Lake Powell is     8     important reservoir in the Colorado River Basin. Both Lake Powell and nearby Lake Mead, the nation’s largest reservoir, are drying up     9     an alarming rate. In August, the government declared a water shortage on the Colorado River for the first time after Lake Mead’s water level decreased to a record low, leading to cuts in water consumption for the     10     (state) in the Southwest that began in January.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It has been estimated that rapidly growing modernization is leading to ignorance towards the environment. Humans have created a situation in     1     ordinary events become increasingly raised to the level of natural disasters,     2     (cause) heavy losses in terms of human life as well as property.

Over the years, scientists researching on this topic     3     (find) that the main problem is global warming. But because     4     human greed, no one is really caring about the environmental risks and everyone is busy making money.

It is known that the rapid industrial growth has led to     5     large number of air and water pollution problems. Though there are environmental laws that these     6     (industry) need to follow to treat the waste but most of the time the industry owners ignore these laws for their personal gain. Rapid construction has led to large land areas being covered with cement(水泥), meaning the flow of water becomes so strong     7     water runoff can’t get absorbed by the soil, eventually leading to greater flooding.

    8     (fortunate), there are still a lot of people who really care about the environment and are     9     (will) to work on environmental issues. Many societies and groups are working day and night     10     (make) people aware of the harmful effects of the pollution and other practices that are harmful to our environment.