1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Middle Island is a dangerous place for Little Penguins (企鹅), the smallest of the penguin species. At low tide (潮汐), it becomes     1     (access) to an introduced species, the European red fox, with disastrous consequences. 30 years ago, Middle Island was home to thousands of penguins, but by the late 90's that number     2     (fall) by half and in 2005 there was only four birds left.

So, Allan Marsh, a local chicken farmer, advised     3     (use) Maremma sheep dogs to protect the penguins. "The whole idea was taking an off-the-wall type farming practice of having Maremmas protecting your livestock (家畜) and transposing them on an island where penguins were being     4     (constant) attacked by foxes,"   Marsh said.

Maremmas have been protecting animals for centuries. Unlike most trained animals, Maremmas do not pose a threat to livestock     5     fit in with them, forming social bonds.

The City Council approved     6     idea and Marsh camped on the island with his Maremma, Oddball, for the first week during the month-long trial,     7     turned out to be a huge success. The     8     (present) of the dog kept foxes from going onto the island.

More livestock guardian dogs     9     (send) in to Middle Island ever since. They take great trouble     10     (protect) penguins and the penguin population continues to climb.

2 . The future of space exploration may depend on an art form from the past: origami (折纸艺术), the ancient art of paper folding.

Researchers from Washington State University (WSU), US, have used origami to possibly solve the problem of storing and moving fuel to rocket engines, a key challenge in space travel, according to Newswise. They’ve developed a foldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物)” resistant to super cold temperatures, which could be used to store and pump fuel in spacecrafts of the future. Their findings have recently been published in the journal Cryogenics.

“Folks have been trying to make bags for rocket fuel for a long time,” said Jake Leachman, one of the lead researchers. “We currently don’t do large, long-duration trips because we can’t store fuel long enough in space.”

Meanwhile, NASA is also looking to paper folding to help observe distant planets. The agency is currently developing Starshade, a foldable, sunflower-shaped piece of hardware that would help block starlight and enable telescopes to view distant objects more clearly in space.

“A huge part of my job is looking at something on paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this?’” Manan Arya, a technologist in California, said. “Once I realized this is how you fold spacecraft structures, I became interested in origami. I realized I was good at it and enjoyed it. Now, I fold constantly. ”

Using origami for space purposes isn’t new, however. Solar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings for space shuttle programs and an inflatable (可充气的) satellite were also inspired by origami in both past and present space projects.

“With most origami, the magic comes from the folding,” Robert Salazar, who helped design the Starshade and now works on the Transformers project. said in a statement. “There are so many patterns to still be explored.”

1. Which can be the suitable title for the text?

A．Folding into space.

B．The art of paper folding.

C．Space exploration.

D．The origami-inspired projects.

2. How could the“bladder”help in future missions?

A．To protect spacecrafts from extreme weather.

B．To be used to store and supply fuel in spacecrafts.

C．To help rocket engines cut energy consumption.

D．To be used to improve energy efficiency.

3. What can we know about NASA’s Starshade?

A．It can be used to get telescopes closer to stars.

B．It can enlarge the view of telescopes in space.

C．It can absorb a star’s light before it enters telescopes.

D．It can help telescopes get clearer pictures of objects in space.

4. What is this text?

A．A travel journal.	B．A digest.
C．A science report.	D．An advertisement.

3 . There are around 100 tribes that live in global isolation, mostly in South America and India.

The Sentinelese(250 people)have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60, 000 years. They protect their island by fighting against people from outside. Their language is different from any other known language.

Another Andaman tribe is the Jarawa(300 people). In the past, they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them. But in 1998, the Indian govemment built a road across their land, and since then, they’ve had more contact with the outside world.

Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because of unhappy memories. The Mashco—Piro left their vegetable gardens after rubber companies killed most of their tribe at the beginning of the 20th century. Those who survived became nomadic(游牧的)and started hunting animals in the forest.

The Awa live in the Amazon forests of Brazil. Out of 350 members, 100 have no contact with the outside world. They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans. In the following years, farmers in nearby communities started cutting the trees to expand their farmland. The Awa lost most of their hunting land.

The few Amazon tribes that still exist are fighting to keep their traditional way of life.

Survival, an organization that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的)humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us.

After years of pressure, the organization got Brazil’s government to clear invaders from the Awa land. All non-Awa people are leaving so the tribe can get their forest back. But some think it’s impossible for tribes to stay isolated forever in a connected world. Contact will be made one day. So the question is：Whose choice should it be, ours or theirs?

1. What could be learnt about the Sentinelese from the text?

A．They speak the same language as the Jarawa.

B．They resist contact from the outside world.

C．There are about 350 members in their tribe.

D．They received help from the Indian government.

2. Why did the Awa adopt a nomadic lifestyle?

A．To avoid being attacked by Europeans.

B．To avoid being robbed by rubber companies.

C．To protect their hunting land.

D．To maintain their traditional way of life.

3. What is Survival’s view of the tribal people?

A．They should fight for their rights by themselves.

B．We should show them respect and not disturb them.

C．It’s impossible to stay isolated from the outside world.

D．We should help them get used to the connected world.

4. How does the author describe the isolated tribes?

A．Doubtfully.

B．Critically.

C．Indifferently.

D．Objectively.

4 . In 2018, I wanted to do something to bring change for people in my community. I carried out research to understand the problems affecting them and found that climate change was the greatest threat. When I realised many people in the rural areas faced fatal impacts such as landslides, floods and droughts, I decided to stand up. Seeing climate change threaten the availability of food and water in my country was a wake-up call.

We are focused and very clear with our demands. We are not afraid of holding governments and corporations accountable for the climate crisis because the science is clear. We will not give up because our future is at stake. We need to demand for climate action as our lives depend on it too, because we do. Farmers in Ontario stood up against a proposed mega quarry (采石场) in their land. They held festivals to draw attention, they spoke up against corporate mining which threatened their groundwater and soil, they mobilised many people to stop it and in 2012, Highland Company withdrew their plans.

I hope to see the end of the fossil fuel industry, and we need renewable energy. We need sustainability in every sector through green building and clean transportation. I hope to see recovery of our ecosystems through planting more trees, having urban forests and protecting wildlife. Our existence depends on that of our ecosystems. I hope to see more recovery projects built in the most affected communities.

There are many climate movements all over the world and most have social media accounts. Find a local group that you can work with to demand climate action. When people are united, they cannot be defeated. Earth is our home to protect. Everyone is needed.

1. Why did the author take immediate action?

A．He wanted to change people in his community.

B．He reminded people of valuing food and water.

C．He was aware of the danger of the climate change.

D．He was interested in the problems in the rural areas.

2. What does the underlined word “mobilised” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Forced.

B．Forbade.

C．Warned.

D．Organized.

3. What can we infer from the third paragraph?

A．Renewable energy has replaced the fossil fuel.

B．More recovery projects have been built in many communities.

C．The fossil fuel industry does harm to our ecosystems.

D．The fossil fuel industry doesn’t account for our existence.

4. What is the purpose of this text?

A．To appeal to people to unite to protect environment.

B．To clarify the author’s contribution for the community.

C．To recommend us a new kind of renewable energy.

D．To show the importance of banning the fossil fuel industry.

5 . Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so.     1     It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.

    2     The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.

In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use.     3     Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them.     4    

Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.    5     With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.

A．Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.

B．Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.

C．It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.

D．Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.

E．It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.

F．Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.

G．The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.

6 . The Indian government declared an “emergency situation” in New Delhi on Sunday as air pollution hit dangerous new highs and people had the selfies(自拍) to prove it.

Officials announced a series of measures to fight against smog in the capital city, including halting construction projects, closing a coal-fired power factory for 10 days and washing the dusty roads. The citizens，meanwhile，took “smog selfies” as they walked through dirty air which could taste and smell. Some selfie photographers joined hundreds of protesters in downtown New Delhi to demand that the government deal with the deadly smog.

New Delhi, already one of the world’s dirtiest cities, is experiencing its worst smog in nearly two decades. The city saw levels of PM2.5 of more than 900 micrograms per cubic meter on Saturday. That’s more than 90 times the level that the World Health Organization considers safe and is 15 times higher than the Indian government’s standards.

Particulate(微粒的) matter comes from vehicles, coal factories, burning trash piles, dust and other sources. New Delhi’s severe pollution was initially blamed on the widespread bursting of firecrackers during the festival Diwali. But images published by NASA last week suggested that crop burning in the neighboring states of Punjab and Haryana could be the reason for the increasing levels of PM2.5. New Delhi’s chief minister, Arvind Kejriwal, said that farmers in those states begin burning straw at the start of every winter to clear their plants for planting wheat.

The pollution can lead to lung cancer, heart disease and related illnesses, particularly in growing children. Kejriwal said people should avoid going outdoors until the pollution levels drop and should work at home as much as possible. Of course, they should put down the selfie sticks, too.

1. What does the underlined word “halting” in Paragraph 2 meap?

A．Stopping.

B．Encouraging.

C．Protecting.

D．Changing.

2. What can we know from the text?

A．The poor condition in New Delhi has led to a strike.

B．New Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in the world.

C．A lot of people especially children died of smog in New Delhi.

D．Kejriwal suggested that people stop working to deal with smog.

3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．Images of people living in New Delhi.

B．Levels of PM2.5 in most cities of India.

C．Sources of particulate matter in New Delhi.

D．Measures taken by the New Delhi government.

4. What’s Kejriwal’s attitude towards smog sefies?

A．Doubtful.

B．Supportive.

C．Uncaring.

D．Opposed.

7 . Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words? Yes, say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.

While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words, unless eventually very well trained, a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities, according to a study published in the journal Scientific Reports.

“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words,” said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza from the Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary. For the study, the team involved two gifted dogs, Whisky and Vicky Nina. The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.

In the exclusion-based task, presented with seven known toys and one new toy, the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name. Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word, they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.

However, this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy. In fact, when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name, the dogs got totally confused and failed.

The other condition, the social one, where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog, proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy, even after hearing it only 4 times. “The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months,” Fugazza says. “But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs. ”

To test whether most dogs would learn words this way, 20 other dogs were tested in the same condition, but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names, confirming that the ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a few gifted dogs.

1. What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports?

A．To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.

B．To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.

C．To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.

D．To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.

2. How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition?

A．Slow to understand.

B．Quick to learn.

C．At a loss.

D．In a panic.

3. What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition?

A．Learning through playing applied to most dogs.

B．The social condition helped dogs learn new words.

C．Dogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.

D．Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly.

B．Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion.

C．Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training.

D．Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans.