(1).目前野生动物的生存状况堪忧；(2).请阐述状况所产生的原因(至少2个方面)；(3).解决办法(至少3种办法)。可适当调整内容的顺序和增加细节，使其连贯。词数100词左右。
Dear Jim,
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Li Hua
2 . Chіnеѕе раngоlіnѕ ( 中华穿山甲) live in the south of the country’s Yangtze River. The long-tailed animals spend most of the daytime sleeping, curling up into a ball. They have poor eyesight so they use their well- developed sense of smell to find their diet of insects at night. Their physical appearance is marked by large, hardened, plate-like scales ( 鳞 片 ) . The scales, which are soft on newborn pangolins but harden as they grow up. Pangolins are also known as scaly anteaters (食蚁兽) and they hеlр рrоtесt trееѕ іn thе fоrеѕts.
But now they are in danger. Experts say that Chinese pangolins are functionally extinct, Beijing News reported. This suggests that there won’ t be more baby pangolins in the wild. The population of pangolins will be smaller and smaller. They can no longer play an important role in the wild.
According to a national wildlife survey, there were about 60,000 Chinese pangolins in different places, including Yunnan and Zhejiang, in the 1990s. Since then, this number has fallen by 90 percent because of hunters who kill them for their scales and meat. People use their scales in traditional Chinese medicine and it’ s believed by some that their meat is high in nutritional value. In addition, Chinese pangolins are facing a loss of their homes because of pollution and a reduction in the forest area.
The environment has changed a lot due to human activity which is mainly focused on the development of economy. What is worse, many animals like pangolins have to live in a much- polluted homeland. Their population has become smaller and smaller. It is time for us to take measures to show care to our friends, the animals.
1. What can we learn about Chinese pangolins from the first paragraph?| A．They live in a much- polluted homeland. |
| B．They are born with hard scales. |
| C．They are good for trees. |
| A．Pangolins lose their sense of smell. |
| B．Pangolins cannot give birth to new babies. |
| C．Pangolins cannot adapt to the nature. |
| A．The policy for protecting them is not strict. |
| B．There are many hunters killing them. |
| C．Air pollution is very serious. |
| A．To present the way of protecting animals. |
| B．To prove the importance of Chinese pangolins. |
| C．To raise people’s awareness of protecting pangolins. |
Humans are mammals (哺乳动物). Most mammals are born able to do many things. Some can walk within a few minutes of being born. They have to be able to run away if
In the first month of life, babies cannot smile or sit up. They cannot even hold up their own heads
In the next few months, babies grow a lot. They learn to roll over, support their heads, and
Babies also have to learn to use their
Babbling is
Somewhere around a baby’s first birthday he or she may stand or walk with help. Soon the baby will
The first year of a baby’s life is a time of growing and
| A．food | B．danger | C．waste | D．peace |
| A．careless | B．harmless | C．hopeless | D．helpless |
| A．of | B．for | C．without | D．by |
| A．even | B．never | C．ever | D．still |
| A．legs | B．heads | C．eyes | D．hands |
| A．keep | B．move | C．hold | D．make |
| A．why | B．how | C．which | D．where |
| A．before | B．since | C．after | D．while |
| A．look | B．show | C．run | D．sit |
| A．speaking | B．smiling | C．crying | D．learning |
4 . There are many ecosystems that are truly suffering from damage. One of the solutions to the problem is that they can be restored (修复) by reintroducing some animal species. A study shows if you introduce right large mammals (哺乳动物), you can successfully restore a lot of the planet.
Some roles that species play in the environment are extremely important, so the loss of any of these can break the ecological balance. So on the other hand, it means that reintroducing a species can produce positive results. When a few wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone Park, it became one of the most successful examples to prove the reintroduced species did help restore the ecosystem. Dr. Carly, a scientist, along with her team, was able to identify 20 kinds of mammals that could help restore a lot of what we’ve destroyed in nature if reintroduced. The species benefit the nature in different ways like helping renew soil and grass.
The team compared environments of 500 years ago with conditions of modern environments. And they figured out that only 16% of the world still has undamaged wild mammals communities, and just 6% looks similar to what it looked like before 1500. They believed that undamaged mammals communities can easily be swollen through reintroduction program, especially in South America and northern areas of Africa.
In Europe, reintroducing wolf, bison, and reindeer could really make a great impact. However, just wolves and wild horses could make a difference to Asia. “Our recommendations may not be suitable everywhere in the world—local assessments (评估) must be made to decide whether to start a reintroduction program or not. If hunting pressures within different species, shortage of food are still problems, they need solving first. However, our findings show there are huge areas of the world that could be suitable for large mammal restoration if other problems are managed,” said Dr. Carly.
1. What role did the wolves play in Yellowstone Park?| A．Attracting some other animal species. |
| B．Keeping the balance of the ecosystem. |
| C．Creating better soil for other animals. |
| D．Preventing more visits to the park. |
| A．Planned. | B．Cut. | C．Controlled. | D．Increased. |
| A．The more species reintroduced, the better for the local area. |
| B．It is almost impossible for the damaged nature to be restored. |
| C．Reintroducing species must be based on the local conditions. |
| D．Providing enough food for reintroduced species is a challenge. |
| A．Environment. | B．Culture. | C．Health. | D．History. |
5 . With no special equipment, no fences and no watering, two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewilded (重新野化), in large part due to the efforts of jays, which actually “engineered” these new woodlands. Researchers now hope that rewilding projects can take a more natural and hands-off approach and that jays can shed some of their bad reputations.
The two fields, which researchers have called the New Wilderness and the Old Wilderness, had been abandoned in 1996 and 1961 respectively. The former was a bare field, while the latter was grassland—both lay next to ancient woodlands. Researchers had suspected that the fields would gradually return to wilderness, but it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened, and how much of it was owed to birds.
Using aerial data, the researchers monitored the two sites. After just 24 years, the New Wilderness had grown into a young, healthy wood with 132 live trees per hectare, over half of which (57%) were oaks. Meanwhile, the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years, with 390 trees per hectare.
“This native woodland restoration was approaching the structure (but not the species composition) of long-established woodlands within six decades,” the researchers explained in the study.
Part of this reforestation was done by the wind, and researchers suspect that previous ground disturbance may have aided the woodland establishment—which is good news, as it would suggest that agricultural areas may be reforested faster than anticipated. However, animals—Eurasian jays, thrushes, wood mice, and squirrels—also played an important role in helping the forests take shape. This handful of species provided much of the natural regeneration needed for the forest to develop. Jays, in particular, seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting.
1. What does the underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Be opposed to. |
| B．Be ashamed of. |
| C．Get used to. |
| D．Get rid of. |
| A．The scale of the woodlands. |
| B．The diversity of the fields. |
| C．The rate of the changes. |
| D．The frequency of the wilderness. |
| A．The woodland restoration was approaching the structure of long-established ones. |
| B．Much of the wilderness of the fields was owed to birds. |
| C．Previous ground disturbance aided the woodland establishment. |
| D．How quickly the fields returned to wilderness over time. |
| A．The essential role of humans in the reforestation. |
| B．The factors that contribute to the reforestation. |
| C．The importance of woodland establishment. |
| D．The threats faced by a handful of wild animals. |
6 . According to a recent study, laughter and joy may not be unique to humans. Ancestral forms of play and laughter existed in other animals long before they did in humans. Jaak Panksepp, a professor of psychobiology at Washington State University and the author of the study, says, “Human laughter has deep roots in our animal past.”
While humans are the only creatures that tell jokes, it has long been suspected that some animals like to laugh. In 1872, Charles Darwin pointed out that “very many kinds of monkeys, when pleased, make a sound, clearly analogous to our laughter.” In an experiment Panksepp had performed earlier, he found that when chimpanzees (黑猩猩) play, they make noises strikingly like human laughter, and that dogs have a similar response.
Panksepp notes that children who are too young to laugh at jokes are likely to laugh during noisy plays. Panksepp found that when young rats (老鼠) are playing, they also make sounds - they chirp (发唧唧声), although people can’t hear them. These chirps are far too high for humans to hear. Researchers must use special electronic receivers that change the chirps to sounds that humans can hear.
In studying laughter, scientists have focused mostly on related issues - humor, personality, health benefits, social theory - rather than laughter itself. New research, however, shows that circuits (电路) for laughter exist in very ancient parts of the human brain. The ability to laugh appears early in childhood, as anyone who has seen a baby laugh knows.
Some scientists say that other mammals, just like humans, have many feelings. “The recognition by neuroscientists that the brain mechanisms (机制) causing pain, pleasure and fear are the same in humans and other mammals shows our similarity to other species and extremely important.” said Tecumseh Fitch, a psychology lecturer at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. Science has traditionally held that humour is only a human quality, and many scientists believe that more research is required before rats’ chirping sounds can be considered real laughter. Panksepp believes that, through a study of laughter in rats, the human sense of humour can be more fully understood.
1. What is the finding of the recent study?| A．Animals can also play jokes on others. |
| B．Animals can hardly express happiness. |
| C．Human laughter has its origin in animal sounds. |
| D．Humans actually developed from ancient animals. |
| A．Similar. |
| B．Special. |
| C．Familiar. |
| D．Important. |
| A．They are beyond human hearing range. |
| B．They sound like young kids’ sounds. |
| C．They are made during rats’ fighting. |
| D．They may affect human feelings. |
| A．Mammals have a particularly sensitive brain area. |
| B．Humans have fully understood animals’ behaviours. |
| C．People and animals share some emotional responses |
| D．Rats’ chirps and human laughter are basically the same. |
7 . The desire for ivory products causes the killing of an elephant, but as their populations continue to fall, the hungry black market has become creative to satisfy its greed. Now, ivory hunters are setting their sights on everything. One victim of this cruel practice is the hippopotamus(河马). A new study says that arise in demand for hippopotamus’s teeth is threatening them with extinction.
In many ways, it takes a lot of effort to kill an elephant. They are legally well protected in most countries where they range and international regulations are clear. Also, smuggling(走私)large pieces of ivory internationally is easily noticed. Hippos offer a cheaper and easier ivory option. The simple truth is that they are not high on the priority list of the international conservation community. A group of wild-living African elephants will either be tracked with radio collars(项圈) or will be the focus of long-term conservation research, ecotourism or law-enforcement efforts. Not so with hippos. Unlike their famous cousins, they don’t come with a protective environment, meaning hunters can take their time.
Most elephant populations are listed under the highest level (Appendix I) of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, but hippos are listed under Appendix Ⅱ of it, meaning some trade impossible. We have created a situation where some hippos can be shot, but we have few effective ways to regulate the trade, leaving it wide open to abuse.
Having lived in Africa and worked in frontline conservation, I have seen the first-hand that in the name of art, no ivory-bearing animal is safe. I have heard the stories and seen the bodies of hippos killed by machine-gun fire, mouths open, bloody and toothless. People are working to stop this and many wildlife authorities do what they can, but until there is a real change in the demand for ivory, the hippo has joined the elephant in being in desperate need of our help.
1. What does the new study find?| A．Black marketers are hunting other animals for ivory. |
| B．Hippos face extinction due to ivory demand. |
| C．The number of elephants is decreasing. |
| D．Ivory demand is rising. |
| A．They wear radio collars. |
| B．They are the targets of ecotourism. |
| C．They live in a less protective environment. |
| D．They are well protected by clear international regulations. |
| A．by process |
| B．by analyses |
| C．by statistics |
| D．by comparison |
| A．Law enforcement. |
| B．The efforts of authorities. |
| C．Raising public awareness. |
| D．Reducing the demand for ivory |
On his way home, Jonathon saw a gray, long-haired cat sitting on the sidewalk. As he stopped to pet her, he noticed that she was not wearing a collar. She rubbed her head against his hand and began to purr (发呼噜声). She reminded Jonathon of Smoky, the cat he had when he was younger. Smoky’s fur had been long and gray too.
Jonathon petted the cat for a while. Then he said, “I have to go,” and continued home. To his surprise, the cat followed him.
When Jonathon was home, he walked up the porch steps and went in the kitchen. The cat followed him up the steps and sat quietly outside the door, watching him closely. Jonathon made a sandwich. The cat continued to stare at him. Jonathon sighed. “I know it’s not a good idea to feed a stray cat,” he said, “but you look so hungry! I can’t sit here and eat without feeding you too!”
Jonathon put some turkey on a plate for the cat. As Jonathon watched, she ate every scrap of turkey and then began to clean her face and paws. “Wow!” Jonathon said, “You must have been starving. I wonder how long it has been since someone fed you.”
Jonathon finished his sandwich and looked at the cat. Her long fur was matted (乱蓬蓬的). Jonathon remembered that Smoky’s brush and toys were stored in the garage. “I’m going to clean you up a little,” Jonathon said to the cat.
Jonathon found Smoky’s brush and got to work. As the dirt came out, the cat’s fur began to get lighter. “Hey!” Jonathon said, realizing the truth. “You’re not gray—you’re white!”
After her brushing, the cat climbed onto Jonathon’s lap and purred. “You’re so friendly, you probably belong to someone,” Jonathon said. “I bet you’re just lost.” When Jonathon’s father came home, Jonathon showed him the cat that had stretched out in a patch of sun on the porch. “Why don’t you make some signs to place in the neighborhood,” his father suggested.
注意：
1. 续写字数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
His father said that if no one called about the cat after a week, Jonathon could keep her.
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“Okay,” Jonathon’s father finally said, “I think you’ve waited long enough.”
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9 . How does climate change make you feel? If it makes you sad or angry, this is normal and it's called climate anxiety.
Climate change means changes in long-term weather patterns, including rising temperatures. Human activities contribute to climate change and cause extreme events.
What is climate anxiety?
These threats to our planet can have huge influences. They can make you feel angry, frightened, hopeless or sad. This is called climate anxiety.
How can I feel better about the future?
No one can fix climate change on their own, but there are lots of things we can do.
| A．What is climate change? |
| B．And it is a normal and healthy response. |
| C．It’s good for you to worry about the change. |
| D．This puts humans, animals and plants at risk. |
| E．What should we do to deal with climate change? |
| F．Breaking the problem into small pieces is a good way to start. |
| G．They ask schools, businesses and communities to follow their lead. |
Ethiopia has broken the world record for the largest number of trees
Ethiopia’s record-breaking
