1 . Begun 30 years ago, the Kubuqi desert greening project has succeeded in not only controlling the fast growth of the seventh-largest desert in China, roughly the size of Kuwait, it has also turned about 6,000square kilometers of the desert-one-third 6f it-green.

Lying about 800 kilometers to the west of Beijing in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region (自治区), the greening efforts have also controlled desertification (沙漠化) in the rest of the area.

The project, which began about 30 years ago, can be looked to as an example of efforts to advance green development, in order to create harmony between humans and nature, and leave a better environment for future generations.

The success of the project, which has been praised by the UN Environment Programme as an “eco-pioneer”, sets an example for successful desertification control and ecosystem improvement based on effective government policies, supported by investment (投资) in the eco-industry and combined with the efforts of local farmers. These three aspects are key to the success of the “Kubuqi model”.

Elion, a private ecology and investment company, has invested about 38 billion yuan ($5.82 billion) in the Kubuqi desert-greening project since 1988 helping to lift about 102,000 local farmers out of poverty. For example, the locals grow a drought-tolerant (耐旱) plant, Chinese licorice, which is the most used herb in traditional Chinese medicine. The plant helps enrich the desert soil, with the bacteria around the roots of the plants producing nitrogen. Besides, Cistanche, another type of drought-tolerant herb, was introduced after the successful planting of licorice. Under the company’s guidance and with the local government’s support, the local people benefit from the “environmental wealth”.

More companies should be encouraged to apply the “Kubuqi model” in other desert control projects in Inner Mongolia and neighboring Gansu province, where the climate conditions are similar but not quite the same, so as to further gain experience and enrich the model in practice. Showing it can be successfully applied in other areas will help it promote the model worldwide.

1. What do we know about the Kubuqi greening project?

A．It increases the areas of desert.	B．It turned all of the desert green.
C．It has achieved satisfying results.	D．It is applied all over the world.

2. Which is NOT the reason for the success of the “Kubuqi model”?

A．The UN Environment Programme.	B．Joint efforts of local farmers.
C．Government policy support.	D．Investment in the eco-industry.

3. How does the author develop Paragraph 5?

A．By following the time order.	B．By giving examples.
C．By giving a definition.	D．By making comparisons.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the greening project?

A．Negative.

B．Cautious.

C．Supportive.

D．Critical,

2 . Many people just see crows (乌鸦) as a natural clean-up crew—eating insects, dead animals or food in trash cans. But researchers have found that crows are not only playful but also social and intelligent. They use tools to solve problems, and they remember faces for years and copy sounds they hear.

“Crows are always testing their environment,” said John Marzluff, University of Washington professor of wildlife science. “Anything that looks possibly edible, they will taste it.” This trait (特点) has led to interesting scientific findings. Some crows use sticks to gain hard-to-get treats. In other experiments, they learned to drop stones into narrow containers to raise water to a level where they can drink it or reach a floating treat inside.

Crows are social, living in large extended families of more than a dozen birds. Communication is key to their survival. Many calls are used—each having a different message. For example, they have separate warning calls for cats, dogs and people. Some crows even imitate the sounds of other animals and people.

Marzluff did several experiments to determine whether wild crows remember human faces. In one, researchers wearing masks caught seven crows around the campus and banded them. After setting them free, researchers found that regular passers-by got no reaction, but as soon as anyone wearing the same mask passed by, the crows made loud warning calls—even years later. Never be mean to a crow. They not only remember faces but teach their offspring who to beware of (当心). They also remember those who were kind to them and pass that information along, too, often bringing gifts of rocks or other small objects as a thank-you.

1. What does the underlined word “edible” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Difficult to get	B．Fit to be eaten
C．Suitable to be tested	D．Interesting to play with

2. What plays an important role in the survival of crows?

A．Interacting with other crows effectively.

B．Developing similar warnings for dangers.

C．Recognizing the sounds of other animals.

D．Helping each other in big families to get food.

3. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

A．Crows-can tell right from wrong.	B．Crows are mean sometimes.
C．Crows are grateful birds.	D．Crows have a good memory.

4. Which is a suitable title for the text?

A．Crows Can Use Tools to Get the Food

B．Crows Communicate in Intelligent Ways

C．Cute Crows: They Remember You Forever

D．Clever Crows: They Socialize and Memorize

3 . Celebrated on June16th, World Sea Turtle Day is a day dedicated to one of the world’s oldest and most fascinating creatures. Unfortunately, this is also a day to remind everyone of the sea turtle’s endangered status.

Sea turtles have been around since the time of dinosaurs. They typically live to between 30 and 50 years of age, spending most of their lives at sea. Part of the reptile(爬行动物) family, sea turtles can hold their breath for up to five hours. This comes in handy since some species can dive as deep as 1,000 meters below the water’s surface before needing to come up for air. Sea turtles also like to get around, often migrating very long distances. One species can migrate over 12,000 km from nesting beaches in Japan all the way to feeding grounds near Mexico.

Female sea turtles return to the beach they hatched on to nest. Some species lay up to 250 eggs in a single nest, and each egg takes around 60 days to incubate(孵化). However, it’s estimated that only one in a thousand baby turtles can survive to adulthood.

Although it is worth having a day to celebrate these magnificent animals, World Sea Turtle Day also has a more serious purpose: to raise awareness of their difficult situation. Sea turtles are threatened with extinction. Plastic trash is a big problem because the turtles often mistake bags and other plastic items for food like jellyfish. In fact, half of all sea turtles have consumed plastic at some time in their lives.

Rising global temperature is another threat facing turtles. Turtle eggs that lie on warm sand are more likely to result in female turtles, which affects the animal’s diversity. Also, trash-covered beaches can make it hard for baby turtles to reach the sea.

However you want to celebrate World Sea Turtle Day, take some time to spread the word about what we can do to protect these ancient animals. Reducing the amount of plastic we use is just one small way we can help make sure sea turtles stick around for another 100 million years.

1. Which of the following best explains “comes in handy” underlined in Paragraph 2?

A．is useful

B．is interesting

C．is close

D．is difficult

2. What can we infer from the whole passage?

A．Turtles are a species which hates going around.

B．Turtles’ rate of survival is low though they are productive.

C．Turtles came into being long after the extinction of dinosaurs.

D．Turtles, belonging to reptile family, spend most of their lives on land.

3. According to the passage, which of the following is not the problem sea turtles are facing?

A．Turtle eggs lying on warm sand tend to result in female turtles.

B．Sea turtles often mistake plastic bags and other plastic items for food.

C．Sea turtles are captured by fishermen for food or for other purposes.

D．Baby turtles will have difficulty in reaching the sea when they are on trash-covered beaches.

4. What’ s the main idea of the passage?

A．The factors of causing sea turtles to die out.

B．Raising the awareness of protecting sea turtles.

C．A brief introduction of sea turtles’ living habits.

D．How sea turtles lay eggs.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Changjiang River, China’s longest river     1    (rise) from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, flows eastwards for 6300 kilometers, eventually reaching Yuantoujiao in Jiangsu Province,     2     it flows into the sea. In the Yangtze River Delta to the north of Yuantoujiao, abundant rivers carry huge amounts of sediments (泥沙) to the sea.     3     also bring nutrients, piling up to form fertile coastlines and unique sandy ridges and sandbars.     4     the coastline of the Yellow Sea, hundreds of kilometres of coastal wetlands and ecological zones     5    (form). Every spring and autumn, nearly 3 million migratory birds around the world stop there to replenish themselves. Next to the Yellow Sea is one of China’s most     6    (economic) developed and densely populated     7    (region). While the economy is developing rapidly there, a large number of coastal wetlands have been preserved. This creates valuable habitats for millions of migratory birds and endangered species that prefer not     8    (disturb). Today, sediment accumulation and continental shelf settlement (大陆架沉降) are two dynamic geological forces, which are constantly shaping the landscape and ecological processes of the Yellow Sea and Bohai wetland,     9    (make ) it one of the most diverse and richest coastlines in the world. It is     10     organic combination of natural, biological and human functions, and a key hub on the East Asian-Australasian flyway of migratory birds.

5 . How many plastic carrier bags have you got in your house? I feel like these plastic bags are taking over my home! The ubiquitous(无处不在的) shopping bag is just one example of the million things made from plastic. But unfortunately, it’s not the easiest thing to recycle and this is causing an environmental problem.

Most of our everyday plastic items end up in landfill, left to rot(腐烂) away for many years. But some of it blows away, doing harm to the countryside and causing damage to the natural environment and wildlife. The problem is most serious in our oceans. Research has found a remote island in the South Pacific is filled with the largest amount of plastic waste anywhere in the world.

The study, published in the journal PNAS, described how remote islands become collecting points for fishing items and everyday things that we throw away. When we throw something away, it doesn’t just disappear. Nor does plastic, which takes a long time to rot and stays there causing great damage to the ocean’s ecology. Worse still, this plastic is broken down into small parts over a long period by the wind and the waves, then sea creatures at the bottom of the food chain eat them. These creatures are eaten by the fish that we finally take in.

The solution to this problem would be to use less plastic. Several countries now charge for using plastic carrier bags and some products now use natural and recyclable materials but it seems inevitable that plastic will continue to be necessary in many of small goods that we demand.

So next time you pick up a carrier bag, or buy a plastic bottle of water, spare a thought for the birds and animals on the island. What do you do to help the environment?

1. Which area of our planet is most affected by plastic waste?

A．Oceans	B．Islands
C．Landfill	D．Countryside

2. What can be inferred from the study conducted by PNAS?

A．Fish are at the bottom of the food chain.

B．People like to throw things on the islands.

C．People will be the final sufferer of the plastic waste.

D．It takes a short time for the plastic waste to break down.

3. Which of the following best explains “inevitable” underlined in paragraph 4?

A．Useless	B．Unavoidable
C．Strange	D．Impossible

4. What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph?

A．Be environmentally friendly.

B．Be kind to birds and animals.

C．Make a difference for the future.

D．Get rid of plastic carrier bags completely.

6 . 假如你是李华，你应学校英语报的邀请，拟于4月22日世界地球日那天向全校同学发表一封倡议信，内容包括：
1. 目前地球面临的问题；
2. 针对问题提出建议；
3. 发出号召。
注意：词数80左右，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：沙尘暴dust storm；警钟alarm；破坏森林deforest；可持续的sustainable
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7 . 将下列几个部分(A、B、C、D和E)按题号排序，构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。
A. Amundsen started his journey earlier and his team arrived first after nearly two months’ travelling. To celebrate this, he planted his country’s flag at the South Pole.
B. Departing Antarctica proved to be deadly for Scott’s team: they didn’t make it back to UK alive. Despite these losses, the team did collect a heavy load of rocks, which proved to be useful for scientific research later.
C.The polar summer of 1910 and 1911 was very special for at least two people: Roald Amundsen from Norway and Captain Scott from the UK. Both of them had the ambitious goal of being the first to reach the South Pole.
D. In the end, the world was moved by the great courage shown by Captain Scott and his men.
E.Scott and his team arrived later and were saddened when they learned that Amundsen had beaten them.

8 . 阅读下面小短文,根据上下文语境,选择合适的单词填入空白处,每个单词只使用一次,每个方框里有一个是多余的单词。

A. affected   B. efforts   C. deaths   D. floods   E. emergency

A powerful typhoon hit East China in July 2016. The     1     and landslides caused a great number of     2     ,left 61 missing and forced the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people. The typhoon brought huge loss to the     3     areas along theYangtze River. In the months that have passed since then, tireless     4     have been made to offer help to all the people in need.

9 . When all those May flowers start to show their heads out to say hello, you may see some familiar faces in your backyard. Many plants live and die within one growing season, so gardeners must replant them each spring. But others have developed to live year after year, so they can blossom again.

Many flowers are what we call annuals. Their entire life cycle—from seed to death—takes just one year. They might leave behind sleeping seeds, but the roots and leaves all fade away as-soon as the season is done. Then there are perennials, which can survive for years. Scientists believe these types of plants came first. They do no need to be replanted each season, but save some energy in themselves so that they can show again in the following season.

James Boyer, the vice president for children’s education at the New York Botanical Garden, says that annuals probably can survive in areas where there is little water. “Annuals are putting all of their chances into the reproduction basket,” Boyer explains. “All of the energy to make roots and shoots is just enough to create a big bloom. They will create enough seeds to continue the species. Perennials hide important parts inside protective buds to keep cells fresh until it’s time to bloom again. They devote a lot more of their fuel to keeping themselves alive than annuals do. Roots and leaves are repaired and regrow each year. Many eventually produce flowers, but it can sometimes take years. And in most cases, they’ll save enough energy to flower again in the following season.”

Whether a plant is a perennial or an annual can depend on where you plant it. Plants sold in cold areas that are named as annuals actually could be perennials in hot areas; in warm weather they can live for years, but a single cold winter will wrack them.

Boyer says that researchers are trying to study them. “If we could change corn into a perennial, we wouldn’t need to replant it every year, which destroys the soil and its ecosystem,” Boyer says. “It could change our agricultural system.”

1. How can perennials survive into the following season?

A．By producing sleeping seeds.	B．By setting aside some energy.
C．By adapting to climate change.	D．By preserving their roots and leave.

2. Which of the following may James Boyer agree with?

A．Their findings are out of expectation.

B．It is easy for perennials to survive with little water.

C．Annuals spend most energy in blossoming and reproducing.

D．Both annuals and perennials prefer warmer growing conditions.

3. What does the underlined word “wrack” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Protect.

B．Kееp.

C．Change.

D．Destroy.

4. How does the text mainly develop?

A．By giving explanation.	B．By offering examples.
C．By drawing conclusions.	D．By making comparisons.

10 . Four women have been selected for an unusual job in Antarctica—running the world’s most southerly post office and gift shop, and counting penguins.

Port Lockroy, the post office which also serves as a museum, has been closed since COVID-19 began. In preparation of re-opening Port Lockroy, the U. K. Antarctic Heritage Trust posted four job positions: a baseleader, postmaster, shop manager and wildlife monitor. They received 6, 000 applications, but four women were chosen to travel 9, 000 miles to do the job: Clare Ballantyne, Mairi Hilton, Natalie Corbett and Lucy Bruzzone. Vicky Inglis, who had worked there before, will return for 10 weeks as the team’s leader to help get them them settled.

Clare Ballantyne is the post master. She will be in charge of dealing with about 80, 000 postcards mailed from Port Lockroy each year. Mairi Hilton is the wildlife monitor. She will be in charge of counting he penguin population and keeping an eye on baby penguins and nests. Natalie Corbett will be the shop manager. She will look after the gift shop, which can receive up to 18, 000 visitors during the season. Lucy Bruzzone is the base leader. She will manage the team, and manage all ship visits.

The team will work for five months at Goudier Island in the Antarctic Peninsula, abandoning all “home comforts”. They won’t have running water or a flushing toilet, and will deal with low temperatures. They will live in almost entire daylight, as the place has about six months of daylight during its summer months—October to February—and six months of darkness in its winter months, March to September.

The women will begin training this month, including lessons from apenguinologist (企鹅学家), and will also get remote first aid training. They will begin their mission in early November and will stay in Antarctica until March 2023.

1. Why was Port Lockroy closed?

A．Because none visited there.	B．Because COVID-19 spread.
C．Because the war broke out.	D．Because the owner was ill.

2. Who will count penguins?

A．Clare Ballantyne.	B．Natalie Corbett.
C．Lucy Bruzzone.	D．Mairi Hilton.

3. What does the underlined word “abandoning” mean?

A．Giving up.	B．Cheering on.
C．Looking for.	D．Picking up.

4. What is the best title for this text?

A．A team will work for five weeks at Goudier Island.

B．The penguin population has increased in the past decade.

C．Four women will run the post office in Antarctica.

D．Port Lockroy will stop serving as a museum.