1 . Insect numbers have plunged (骤降) by half in some parts of the world due to climate change and intensive agriculture, a study has found. The combined pressures of global heating and farming are driving a “substantial decline” of insects across the globe, according to UK researchers. They say we must acknowledge the threats we pose to insects, before some species are lost forever. But preserving habitat for nature could help ensure vital insects thrive.
Lead researcher, Dr Charlie Outhwaite of UCL, said losing insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment, but to “human health and food security, particularly with losses of pollinators(传粉昆虫)”. “Our findings highlight the urgency of actions to preserve natural habitats, slow the expansion of high-intensity agriculture, and cut emissions to mitigate climate change,” she added.
Plummeting populations of insects around the world — a so-called “insect apocalypse” — have caused widespread concern. However, scientific data gives a mixed picture, with some types of insects showing sharp declines, while others are staying steady. In the latest study, the researchers pulled together data on the range and number of nearly 20,000 insect species, including bees, ants, butterflies, grasshoppers and dragonflies, at about 6,000 different locations. In areas with high-intensity agriculture and substantial warming, insect numbers have plunged by 49% and the number of different species by 27%, compared with relatively untouched places that have so far avoided the most severe impacts of climate change, according to the research published in Nature.
But the researchers said there was some cause for hope in that setting aside areas of land for nature created a shelter for insects, which need shade to survive in hot weather. “Careful management of agricultural areas, such as preserving natural habitats near farmland, may help to ensure that vital insects can still thrive,” said Dr. Tim Newbold, also of UCL.
Study researcher, Peter MeCann, added: “We need to acknowledge how important insects are for the environment as a whole, and for human health and wellbeing, in order to address the threats we pose to them before many species are lost forever.”
1. What caused the number of insects to decrease quickly?A.The natural law of survival of the fittest. | B.Improvement of human environment. |
C.Global heating and farming. | D.Destruction of the food chain of insects. |
A.release | B.stop | C.relieve | D.prevent |
A.Not all types of insects show decline in numbers. |
B.The number of insects in untouched places shows the most severe decline. |
C.There is no need to set aside areas of land for nature. |
D.Careful management of agriculture areas can help all the insects thrive. |
A.To stress the effect of global warming. |
B.To arouse people’s concern for the decline of insect numbers. |
C.To show the relationship between insects and human beings. |
D.To present the process of the research. |
1.现状说明;
2.具体措施;
3.发出倡议。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France
Park president Nicolas said, “The purpose of employing the crows is to educate people to take up their social
Crows have long been observed for their
In addition to inspiring humans to pick up trash, the clever crows
“It has become
4 . 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A new study shows rapid decline in insect populations. A growing number of the Earth’s insect population now can
Scientists are utilizing (利用) new technology that allows them
The study comes out of the Los Alamous National Laboratory. It shows how advancing computer technology is now able to read 10 times the number of earthquakes previously
“We
He said the study does not solve the problem of predicting earthquakes, but seeing when smaller ones are shaking gives
6 . A lot of health care are connected with being around trees.
They also do a great deal of good for the environment by reducing air pollution and taking in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
A tree’s ability to take in carbon dioxide is especially useful when the tree.is in cities or towns, where there are too many industrial activities. For the study, the researchers used laser scanning methods to take their own carbon readings of trees from the ground as well as the air.
They determined that Camden had a median carton density (浓度) of around 55 tons of carbon per hectare (t/ha). Greener areas of the borough, like Highgate Cemetery, had a carbon density of 380 t/ha — levels that are typically seen in rainforests.
So what exactly does this mean? Trees could help cool the atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide from the air. However, some climate scientists argue that it’s more complicated (复杂的) than that.
A.We need to protect the ones we already have. |
B.Global warming is happening at a faster rate than ever. |
C.These benefits aren’t just felt in the countryside, either. |
D.For comparison, major cities in the US have a carbon density of 7.7. |
E.They have been known to reduce people’s stress and improve overall mental health. |
F.Then they compared their findings with the data from the UK Environment Agency. |
G.They think the impact of tree-planting activities today may not be seen for many years. |
7 . After a month of fires that gave off record-breaking amounts of polluting gas, smoke from Siberian wildfires is now making its way to the west coast of the United States.
The New York Times’ Somini Sengupta reports that Arctic wildfires in June 2020 caused more pollution than the data (数据) that had been collected in the previous 18 years. Seasonal wildfires are common in Siberia, but this year’s fires are unusually widespread in part because of a climate change-driven heatwave. The Arctic is experiencing climate change-driven warming faster than the rest of the earth, which sets up the dry conditions that make fires spread.
“I was surprised to see a fire burning 10 kilometers south of a bay of the Laptev Sea, which is like, the sea ice factory of the world,” said fire researcher Jessica McCarty from Miami University in Ohio. “When I went into fire science as an undergraduate student, if someone had told me I’d be studying fire regimes (管强体制) in Greenland and the Arctic, I would have laughed at them.”
This June’s Arctic fires beat the pollution record set in 2019, said Mark Parrington, who works with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service tracking worldwide wildfires. Some of the fires may have spent the winter months smoldering (闷燃) only to grow again in warmer weather. And the weather has certainly gotten warmer. In June, a Russian town above the Arctic circle called Verkhoyansk hit a high temperature of 100,4 degrees Fahrenheit.
The current situation in the Arctic circle shows that previous predictions (预测) “underestimate what is going on in reality,” earth scientist Vladmir Romanovsky sold. He added that temperature observation in the High Arctic made in the last 15 years weren’t expected for another seventy years.
Millions of acres of land are on fire this wildfire season. Most of the wildfires are located in Siberia’s Sakha Republic, which sees wildfires frequently, but fires are also spreading further north and into unusual ecosystems, like those that are characterized by permafrost (永冻土).
1. What made 2020 Arctic wildfires extremely widespread?A.The warmer climate. | B.Stronger seasonal winds. |
C.More fires caused by humans. | D.Humans’ poorer control of them. |
A.She used to laugh at those who studied the Arctic. |
B.She had decided to be a firefighter in Greenland. |
C.She used to think fires rarely happened in the Arctic. |
D.She had shown little interest in studying fire science. |
A.The Arctic fires may go out in winter. |
B.2020 Arctic fires may be related to those in 2019. |
C.The pollution record in the Arctic is broken each year. |
D.2020 Arctic fires affected temperatures across Russia. |
A.Refer to. | B.Focus on. | C.Judge incorrectly | D.Ignore completely. |
8 . As a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家), Charlotte Young can often see unforgettable sights. But nothing has touched her quite like an experience she had while she was doing wildlife research with her partner, George Chislett. The British couple was searching for turtle hatchlings (刚孵化的小海龟) on a beach in Oman when they came across a creature who really needed their help.
Hopelessly stuck in n rocky crevice (裂缝) was a large green sea turtle. The turtle had been on her way back to the water after laying eggs when she fell between the rocks. While she tried to escape, her efforts only made her get more deeply stuck in the crevice. Without help, she would have died, but instead she fell into the perfect pair’s hands.
But freeing her was no easy task Green sea turtles can weigh up to 350 pounds, which meant Charlotte wasn’t strong enough to lift her out. Even with George’s help, she wasn’t able to move the helpless creature. They fruitlessly pushed and pulled for some time before realizing they would have to try something else. Meanwhile, the poor turtle was experiencing more and more anguish.
That’s when they had a bright idea. They saw a piece of wood nearby and wondered if it would make good leverage (杠杆作用). It did! With the board wedged (楔入) under the turtle, they finally began making progress. Using all their remaining strength, Charlotte and George lifted her up and out of her prison!
“We did it!” Charlotte cried as she and George celebrated with a high five.
Thank goodness Charlotte and George were in the right place at the right time — and had the determination and creativity needed to save the turtle.
1. What do we know about Charlotte Young?A.She married a marine ecologist. | B.She was doing research on turtles. |
C.She met the turtle on her way to work. | D.She went to the beach to save animals. |
A.She was trapped between rocks. | B.She laid her eggs in n rocky crevice. |
C.She was too tired to go back to ye sea. | D.She almost escaped when she saw the couple |
A.Fear. | B.Stress. | C.Suffering. | D.Confusion. |
A.An amazing rescue. | B.An impossible task. |
C.An exciting adventure. | D.An unexpected discovery. |
9 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, people are understanding the need to solve the climate and biodiversity problem. Poor ecosystems, forest fires, Covid-19 and more extreme weather events are showing us that the
Rainforest Concern
One of the most immediate threats to the bio-region is heavy industry, resulting in polluted rivers and the disappearance of hectares of forest, massively impacting on
To protect the cloud forests from threats, Rainforest Concern supports community reserves and has created a private reserve,
Each year, some 50 to 100 million animals are used in scientific research around the world. Animal testing allows researchers to develop new medicine and
Animal testing also makes
However, a significant number of animals
Animal testing has taught human beings a great deal and saved a large number of