1 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets.     1     worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study     2     (review) research covering almost 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such behaviour     3     (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased.

2 . As you leave the Bandhavgarh National Park in India, there is a notice which shows a huge tiger. The notice says, “You may not have seen me, but I have seen you.” There are more than a billion people in India and Indian tigers probably see humans every single day. Tigers can and do kill almost anything they meet in the jungle. However, it is a little strange that attacks on humans are not that frequent.

Some people might argue that these attacks were in fact common in the past. But there were far more tigers around in those days. So, to some extent, attacks appear to have been as rare then as they are today.

People think it is because of fears, but what exactly are tigers afraid of? Can they really know that we may be even better armed than they are? Surely not. Has the species programmed the experiences of all tigers with humans into its genes to be inherited as instinct? Perhaps. But I think the explanation may be simpler and, in a way, more interesting.

I suspect that a tiger’s fear of humans lies in the way he actually observes us visually. Imagine a tiger sees a man who is 1.8 meters tall. A tiger is less than 1 meter tall but he may be up to 3 meters long from head to tail. So when a tiger sees the man face on, it might not be unreasonable for him to assume that the man is 6 meters long. If he met a deer of this size, he might attack the animal by leaping on its back, but when he looks behind the man, he can’t see a back. From the front the man is huge, but looked at from the side he all but disappears. This must be very disturbing. A hunter has to be confident that it can kill its prey, and no one is confident when they are disconcerted.

The opposite is true of a squatting human. A squatting human is half the size and presents twice the spread of back, and appears like a medium-sized deer. Many incidents of attacks on people involve villagers bending over to cut grass. The fact that humans stand upright may not just distinguish them from other species, but also help them to survive in an unpredictable environment.

1. As for some people’s opinion on tiger attacks, the author is ________.

A．objective

B．unconcerned

C．supportive

D．disapproving

2. Why does the author raise three questions in Paragraph 3?

A．To present assumptions.	B．To evaluate arguments.
C．To question findings.	D．To confirm opinions.

3. What does the underlined word “disconcerted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Confused.

B．Annoyed.

C．Depressed.

D．Surprised.

4. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A．It is the genes that cause the tiger’s fear of humans.

B．It is hard for a tiger to make out the shape of humans.

C．Tigers sense the danger the moment they spot humans.

D．Tigers are less confident when facing squatting humans.

3 . A baby giraffe, called a calf, can stand up and walk about an hour after it comes into the world. At least, it should be able to. That wasn’t the case with Msituni, a giraffe born at the Safari Park. The very day Msituni was born, her front legs were bending improperly, making it difficult for her to stand and walk.

Dr. Kinney, the wildlife care specialist at the park and his team recognized the problem and reacted quickly. They realized Msituni would need medical treatment. First of all, they decided to bottle raise Msituni because her injuries prevented her from staying with her mom. The care team aimed to reduce long-term joint damage, and do their best to ensure Msituni has a long, healthy life.

With the information from the detailed 3D imaging of Msituni’s legs, the care team determined that specialized orthotic braces(矫形器)should be able to fix the position of Msituni’s legs. However, her size made finding supports for her legs very challenging.

The solution came in partnership with Hanger Clinic, a nationwide provider of orthotic braces. While the company focuses on care for humans, the company’s experts asked Safari Park wildlife care staff for advice. Together, they made a pair of orthotic braces for the calf. They wanted to enable Msituni to lie down, stand, walk, and run like a health giraffe.

Finally, the treatments were a success. After about two months, with Msituni’s legs correctly positioned, caregivers were able to remove her leg braces. Today, Msituni can be found playing with the rest of giraffes in the Safari Park.

“It was worthwhile to use problem-solving skills to help wildlife,” said Dr. Kinney. “To address the challenges that wildlife faces, we need to work together.”

1. What was Msituni’s problem?

A．She got injured in the park.

B．She had trouble with her legs.

C．She found it difficult to breathe.

D．She was left alone by her mother.

2. To help Msituni, Dr. Kinney and his group ______.

A．developed a special medicine

B．were teamed up with other experts

C．trained Msituni how to live in the wild

D．guided the healthy giraffes to accept Msituni

3. What does the underlined word “address” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Deal with.	B．Come across.
C．Concentrate on.	D．Be responsible for.