1 . Atmospheric (大气层的) rivers are long and narrow bands of water vapor (水蒸气) in Earth’s atmosphere, which are called “large rivers in the sky”. These rivers form over warm ocean waters. They are huge. They can be 930 miles long and one-third that wide.
Like real rivers, they carry huge amounts of water. These large streams of small water drops are blown by wind over land. When that happens, the water vapor cools down and condenses (凝结). Atmospheric rivers can be good. They bring water to dry areas. However, they can cause huge, fast-moving storms. Some cause snowfalls that bury towns. They are also the main cause of floods on the U.S. West Coast.
Atmospheric rivers are hard to predict. But scientists are working to change that. Marty Ralph, a scientist who works at the University of California, directs the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E). They created the first computer model to predict atmospheric rivers on the U.S. West Coast. This model uses a program that runs on a computer to create a model of a real-world event. CW3E also studies atmospheric rivers using planes. Pilots drop instruments into atmospheric rivers to collect information like temperature and wind speed, which helps with forecasting.
Will climate change affect atmospheric rivers? Climate change happens naturally over a long period of time. But today, it is largely caused by human activities and is causing the Earth to warm, which affects atmospheric rivers.
Atmospheric rivers are pushed by the wind. Those winds are driven by the temperature differences between the poles and the equator (赤道). But the poles are also warming faster than areas near the equator. That makes the temperature difference between the areas smaller. This can make winds weaker.
Climate change might not cause more atmospheric rivers. But there may be very, very wet seasons and very, very dry seasons. Such a seesaw in rainfall could make it harder to manage what water there is.
1. What can we learn about atmospheric rivers?A.They can be 930 miles long and 465 miles wide. |
B.They are easy to predict as scientists are working on it. |
C.They are bands of water vapor forming over warm ocean waters. |
D.They are the main cause of floods in the U.S. |
A.Why it is hard to predict atmospheric rivers. |
B.Whether scientists can predict atmospheric rivers. |
C.How technology helps the prediction of atmospheric rivers. |
D.How scientists are working on the forecasts of atmospheric rivers. |
A.Growth. | B.Drop. | C.Prediction. | D.Change. |
A.A textbook. | B.A science magazine. | C.An academic article. | D.A news report. |
With full preparation from both China and the US, the giant panda family Mei Xiang, Tian Tian, and their 3-year-old son Xiao Qiji arrived safely in China on Thursday due to the ending of the agreement between the two
Giant pandas are rare and endangered wild animals,
1. Why was Kaavan sent to Pakistan?
A.He was given as a gift. |
B.A zoo there wanted to train him. |
C.A female elephant there needed a companion. |
A.He was homeless. | B.He lost his friend. | C.He was kept in chains. |
A.2016. | B.2020. | C.2021. |
1. Where is Destiny’s community located?
A.Near the waterfront. | B.In the northern part. | C.In the city center. |
A.Her high school is closed. |
B.She has breathing problems. |
C.The air in her neighborhood is poor. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Unclear. | C.Supportive. |
A.Making a survey. | B.Conducting an interview. | C.Holding a press conference. |
5 . Lying in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, the fishing village Huatulco is home to nine bays, 36 beaches and thousands of baby turtles that apparently needed me. I had three open days on my calendar, and a desire to save some turtles. And so, away I went to Huatulco with Wildcoast, a group of champions-for-change who were protecting coastal and marine ecosystem in the U. S. and Mexico.
I was taken to La Escobilla to experience Wildcoast in action. Just one hour north of Huatulco, this protected beach is where mass turtle nesting happens. This natural phenomenon lasts just four days during rainy season, hundreds of thousands of female sea turtles swinging their way ashore to lay their eggs.
Between threats of dogs, crabs, development and oil spills, the little creatures have the whole world against them. As recently as 2002, turtles hunting was not only a common practice, but an important part of the culture and diet in the Oaxaca communities. Luckily, Wildcoast rescues turtle eggs and recreates habitats by monitoring temperatures and humidity. Thanks to their efforts, the sea turtles have made a major comeback, with now over 72 million turtles being born on the beaches that Wildcoast protects.
I got to hold 50 of the tiny creatures in a bowl. Despite an average laying of 100 eggs, just one in 1, 000 baby turtles will make it to adulthood. Gazing into the bowl, I so badly wanted them to taste the sea and find shelter somewhere deep in the ocean. Finally, it was time to liberate those little creatures. Out spilled the creatures, some moving full steam ahead while others barely paddled in place. Literally, hundreds of them began to spread out across the beach.
With each set of waves, we witnessed the survival of the fittest, some pushing past the whitewash while others crashed back to shore. Their fight for life made my eyes wet. A flock of birds were ready to dive into the sea for their moving targets. “One in 1, 000.” Nature was cruel and compassionate at the same time. After 30 long minutes, the last creature made his way to the sea.
1. The baby turtles are threatened by various factors except ________.A.the cruel hunters | B.the rapid development |
C.the extreme weather | D.the oil-polluted ocean |
A.With slow pace and fear. | B.With all energy and enthusiasm. |
C.With full caution and curiosity. | D.With great satisfaction and responsibility. |
A.One baby turtle in 1,000 can make his way to the sea. |
B.Thousands of baby turtles were crashed back to shore. |
C.The struggle of baby turtles for life touched the author. |
D.Baby turtles can hardly survive the harsh living conditions. |
A.Think twice before you leap. | B.God helps those who help themselves. |
C.Cease to struggle and you cease to live. | D.When the buying stops, the killing can too. |