1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In many urban Chinese offices, a trend (趋势) is gaining popularity among young professionals. The trend     1     (know) as “office farming” involves growing fruit-bearing plants such as bananas and pineapples right at their desks.     2     (particular), these fruits, which often come with half-ripened (半熟的) fruits, are easy to care for, as they require just regular water changes and nutrient (营养的) additions.

This trend is not just about     3     (decorate); it is also about functionality. These beautiful plants can produce fruits,     4     adds an interesting element to the usual office environment. As     5     result, these desk gardens quickly become office attractions,     6     (offer) a unique way to break the ice and foster social interactions (相互作用) among colleagues.

The appeal of these fruit-bearing plants is evident on social media platforms, where thousands of these plants     7     (sell). This trend connects China’s farming traditions     8     modern city life. It also reflects broader social trends. Office workers seek to relieve the stresses of long working hours and     9     (difficulty) environments by taking part in more calming and nature-oriented activities. As the practice grows, more workers are considering increasing their indoor gardens and adding more variety to their collection of plants     10     (bring) a sense of happiness to their office surroundings.

2 . There are a number of animals that give off light in some way-including several kinds of insects and fish. Some kinds of mushrooms give off light, too. But most plants don’t give out light. Now, scientists are working to change that.

When a living thing gives off light, it’s called bioluminescence (生物发光). Fireflies are a well-known example of bioluminescence. Though less well-known, many mushrooms are also bioluminescent. These bioluminescent creatures light up thanks to the chemicals called luciferins (荧光素)inside their bodies. Luciferins cause a chemical reaction that can give off light.

Plants don’t naturally have luciferins, so there are no naturally bioluminescent plants. But that hasn’t stopped scientists from trying to create them. In the past, scientists have created plants that made less bright by adding DNA from shining objects. Scientists have also created plants that can give off light by adding luciferins to plants. But it only works as long as the chemicals last. In 2017, a team was able to cause a plant to give off light for about four hours.

Now, researchers at a Russian company have come up with a new method of creating shining plants. By adding certain parts of the DNA from shining mushrooms to ordinary tobacco plants, the researchers were able to create plants that could make their own luciferins. The scientists reported that the light was about 10 times brighter than in earlier shining plants.

The researchers believe that shining plants could help scientists learn more about the way plants work. For example, the moving patterns or waves of light in the plants may show activities in plants that normally can’t be seen. The shining also helps reveal how plants may be affected by things around them. For example, the plants gave off much more light strongly when a ripe banana skin was nearby. But the researchers don’t think the plants will just be used for science. They think many people may want shining plants for their beauty. So they are working with a company to develop shining plants for sale.

1. What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 1?

A．Most animals hate giving off light.

B．Many plants give off light through scientists’ efforts.

C．Animals give off light to protect themselves.

D．It’s hard to find plants that give out light.

2. What happens when a firefly lights up?

A．It gives off lots of heat to warm itself.

B．It has chemical reactions inside its body.

C．It lacks energy due to chemical reactions.

D．It informs other fireflies of the danger.

3. How does the author support his viewpoint in the last paragraph?

A．By showing numbers.	B．By making a comparison.
C．By providing examples.	D．By making a summary.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Human development results in less shining plants

B．Scientists manage to create shining plants

C．People’s lifestyles are reflected in shining plants

D．Geography determines the types of shining plants

3 . High-resolution (高分辨率) satellite imagery has been used to map every single tree in Africa, showing a technique that could help improve the monitoring of deforestation (森林砍伐) across the world. Florian Reiner at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and his colleagues used images from sate lies to map canopy (树冠) across the entire African continent.

Modern sate lies usually catch tree canopies at a resolution of 30 meters — fine for measuring the size of forests, but less good at mapping individual trees. The satellite data Reiner and his colleagues used had a resolution of 3 meters, enabling the study to map all trees, including those not part of a forest.

The results suggest that 30 percent of all trees in Africa aren’t in a forest and instead are across farmland, savannah and urban areas. “Many countries in Africa lack thick forests, but have a lot of trees.” says Reiner. “These trees are extremely important to the local ecosystems, the people and the economy. By tracking every single tree, researchers can start to monitor how these trees are coping with climate change or whether they are sensitive to deforestation.” It could also improve the monitoring of reforestation efforts, which are growing in popularity as a way of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

“At a local level, being able to consistently monitor when and where trees are disappearing or reappearing can lead to more actionable insights,” says John Francis at the Alan Turing Institute in London.

“The study is a proof of concept rather than a map ready for immediate commercial use,” says Reiner. “It’s research work. It’s showing what could be done,” he says. But he is already working with colleagues to scale up the tracking approach to cover the entire global canopy: “We’re hoping that this will be seen as a way forward in monitoring tree resources.”

1. Why is high-resolution satellite imagery used to map every single tree?

A．To know the exact height of the tree.

B．To have a clear picture of the canopy.

C．To help monitor the deforestation.

D．To improve the satellite technology.

2. What is John Francis’ attitude towards the map?

A．Doubtful.

B．Disapproving.

C．Indifferent.

D．Favorable.

3. What do Reiner and his colleagues expect to do?

A．Protect the trees only in Africa.

B．Put the map into commercial use.

C．Track the entire global canopy.

D．Improve the imagery technology.

4. What is probably the best title?

A．Ways to Measure the Size of Forests in Africa

B．Coping with Climate Change by Tracking Every Single Tree

C．A Map from the Satellite Ready for Immediate Commercial Use

D．High-resolution Satellite Imagery Used in Monitoring Deforestation

4 . Take a road trip from Wisconsin up through Northern Minnesota. Look out your window and watch as maple-oak forests gradually give way to plant species like aspens, spruce and birch. This changing view occurs because Northern Minnesota sits between temperate(温带的) forests in the southern US and boreal forests(北方针叶林) to the north. It makes the region an ideal place to track the impact of a warming climate.

Scientists have guessed that, as global temperatures rise, plant species of both temperate and boreal forests will move northwards to escape warmer conditions. To test this guess, researchers have been artificially heating 18 small forest plots in the transition zone of Northern Minnesota ever since 2012. Using covers and heaters, the team increased air and soil temperatures. The long-term experiment is now offering valuable insights into how our changing climate will affect the structure and ecosystems of boreal and temperate forests.

The team found that boreal species, such as balsam fir and white spruce, are less able to emerge and survive under warmer conditions. They measured the boreal forests species’ amount of photosynthesis(光合作用) taking place. Their results show that, as soils dry up in warmer conditions, boreal species reduce their photosynthetic rate, reducing the amount of organic matter available for growth. Overall, the seedling species richness in the temperate-boreal forest transition was reduced by warming. The researchers suggest that, unless the temperate species can offset the loss of the boreal species, the overall biodiversity of these forests is likely to decline.

This research is important because temperate and boreal forests contain46 percent of all trees on earth. Of the global carbon stock stored by forests, boreal forests contain 32 percent, temperate forests 14 percent. In the coming years, boreal forests will experience extreme increases in air and soil temperatures. An increase of 1.5°C has already been measured, with a rise of between 4°C and 6°C projected in the next century.

1. What made researchers choose Northern Minnesota to perform their experiment?

A．Its rich plant species.	B．Its easy accessibility.
C．Its special location.	D．Its warm climate.

2. What does the long-term experiment focus on?

A．The causes of decreasing forest areas.

B．The influence of human activities on climate change.

C．The changes of forests driven by rising temperatures.

D．The decline in the biodiversity of temperate and boreal forests.

3. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Lead to.	B．Slow down.
C．Add up to.	D．Make up for.

4. The statistics in the last paragraph show that temperate and boreal forests ________.

A．absorb less carbon dioxide per square meter

B．face a high risk of being hit harder in the future

C．play an important role in fighting climate change

D．have drawn public attention to environmental protection