1 . The amount of fish caught worldwide is much larger than has been reported. And that could mean serious problems for the environment and nations that depend on fisheries(渔业). A new estimate shows that it is 32 million tons higher than countries have been reporting yearly.

The same report notes that the world's fish catch has been declining since the late 1990s. Countries report their industrial catches to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. But they do not report other kinds of fishing. This include the catches of small commercial fisher, which are called artisanal fisheries, and fishing for recreation and individual food.

Daniel Pauly at the University of British Columbia in Canada led the study. He noted that a huge amount of some catches is thrown away. “For example, shrimp trawlers(拖网渔船)keep only the shrimp and the fish that they catch—often eight to ten times as much as the shrimp—gets thrown away.”

Pauly told VOA that better estimates of the actual global catch will help ensure there will be enough fish in the future. “But our figures suggest that since 1996 a rapid decrease is happening. And if you project this forward you end up in a few decades having much less catch, literally no catch. So that is potentially dangerous.”

Researchers also found ways the world's fisheries are changing. They found that fishing fleets of larger nations are catching fish in the waters of developing countries more and more.

Pauly said he was surprised by the amount of fishing done by foreign fleets in competition with local fishers. “In West Africa, the figure that was most astonishing is the enormous role of foreign fishing—of European and Asian vessels fishing legally or illegally——and competing against local fishers. On the other hand for the U. S., Australia and some developing countries, such as the Bahamas, what was apparent is the enormous contribution of recreational fisheries, which also never get reported to the FAO.”

Researchers say inaccurate data also harms the development and supervision(监管)of effective policy and management measures.

1. What's the main idea of the passage?

A．The management of global fishing need improving.

B．The world's fish catch has been declining.

C．The global fishing competition is serious.

D．False reports of fish caught harms economy environment.

2. What does the underlined word “it”（in Para. 1）refer to?

A．The amount of foreign fishing.

B．The amount of local fishing.

C．The amount of all fish caught worldwide.

D．The amount of recreational fishing.

3. Which kind of the fishing has been reported to the FAO?

A．Commercial fishing.	B．Industrial fish catches.
C．Fishing for entertainment.	D．Fishing for individual food.

4. Which part is this article possibly chosen from on the Internet?

A．Health report.	B．Explorations.
C．Science in the news.	D．Agricultural report.

2 . Pre-school children who spend time together take on one another's personalities, a new research has found. The study shows that environment plays a key role in shaping people's personalities. While genetics still forms the central part of the human psyche (心理), the research finds that personality traits (特征) are "contagious" (传染的) among children. "Our finding flies in the face of common assumptions that personality can't be changed," said Dr. Jennifer Neal, co-author of the study.

The researchers studied the personalities and social networks of two pre-school classes for a full school year. One of the classes was a set of three-year-olds, and the other a set of four-year-olds. Children whose friends were hard-working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time. Psychology expert Dr. Emily Dublin said kids are having a far bigger effect on each other than people may realize.

The new study is not the first to explore the contagious effects of personality traits. A 2015 psychology study found that rudeness at work can be contagious as it travels from person to person "like a disease". The study found that seeing a boss being rude to an employee was enough to cause people to be rude to those around them.

The researchers questioned 6,000 people on the social "climate" in their workplaces, which included offices, hotels and restaurants. They found 75 percent of those who took part said they had been treated rudely at least once in the past year. And the study also suggests that merely seeing other people being subjected to rudeness made it more likely that a person would treat their colleagues in the same way. Rudeness could include leaving someone off an invite to a company event, sending unkind emails, finding fault with others or failing to give praise.

Dr. Torkelson believes companies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do as it can damage the working environment. She said better training could help to fight against the problem.

1. What does the underlined part "flies in the face of" in Paragraph1mean?

A．Leads to.	B．Results from.
C．Goes against.	D．Agrees with.

2. According to Paragraph 2, who have the greatest impact on children's personality?

A．Their parents.	B．Their friends.
C．The researchers.	D．The psychologists.

3. Which of the following is considered rude at the workplace?

A．Ignoring the faults of co-workers.

B．Not sending emails to workmates.

C．Seeking praise from colleagues and bosses.

D．Not inviting a colleague to a company party.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．One's personality is hard to change.

B．One's personality is shaped by genes.

C．One's personality traits can spread to others.

D．One's personality traits can change overnight.

5. This passage is most probably taken from ________.

A．a science report	B．a study guide
C．a school textbook	D．a technical journal