2 . In 2018, the state of California was on fire. Alexandria Villasenor, who was 13 at the time, witnessed the destruction of Northern California’s Camp Fire, which would go on to burn more than 150,000 acres of land. Villasenor was scared. “That’s when I found out how important climate education was,” she reflected. “And just how much we lacked climate education these past couple of years.”

Villasenor, now 15, is determined to have a bigger conversation. She quickly realized the fight requires international, government-level changes. For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. She sat on a bench in front of the headquarters, pleading for the world’s leaders to take climate change seriously.

Her action received national attention, with millions of other students around the world joining in the movement. “It’s completely unacceptable to not learn anything about our planet and our environment in school, after all the young people would ‘inherit’ the Earth.” Villasenor said, “That’s why I think that climate education is so important, and that’s why I focus a lot on it now.”

Right now, Villasenor is working with the Biden-Harris administration on its climate plan, which has promised to center the needs of young people and communities most impacted by climate change. She even spoke at the 2020 Democratic National Convention. “That was definitely a huge moment when I realized that people were listening to the voices of me and youth climate activists,” Villasenor said.

When she isn’t connecting with her fellow youth activists or holding elected officials accountable to the climate concerns of their young voters, Villasenor is like most other teens. “My favorite thing to do, of course, is sleep.” she said. “I like to read a lot. I like fantasy books, normally. I also like to write.”

1. What made Villasenor realize the lack of climate education?

A．The state of California.	B．The fire disasters in America.
C．150, 000 acres of land scaring her.	D．The severe Camp fire in California.

2. What does the underlined part “have a bigger conversation” mean?

A．To talk with more local people to change their mind.

B．To convey her belief loudly to more global students.

C．To protest to leaders at home and abroad to make changes.

D．To call on local people to fight with the leaders.

3. Which of the following facts gives Villasenor a sense of achievement?

A．That she is working with the Biden-Harris administration on its climate plan.

B．That her and other youth climate activists’ opinions caught people’s attention.

C．That she can sleep and read in her spare time.

D．That more schools have set up climate courses.

4. What is this passage mainly about?

A．The 15-year-old activist fighting for better climate education.

B．Climate education deserves everyone’s attention around the world.

C．How to prevent camp fire.

D．Young activists make their voices heard.

3 . One of Australia’s most famous natural gifts, the Great Barrier Reef is blessed with the breathtaking beauty of the world’s largest coral reef. The reef contains a large variety of life and over 3000 reef systems and hundreds of islands with some of the world’s most beautiful beaches. Because of its natural beauty, the Great Barrier Reef has become one of the world’s most sought after tourist attractions.

However, for the past few years, the news about corals has been discouraging. Currently, the reef is threatened by climate change, tourism, water pollution, and overfishing. Agricultural fertilizer(肥料) runoff from Australian farms also has caused the widespread growth of sea-plants, which absorb most of the nutrients(养分) and leave little remaining for the living coral reef and the animals that live in it. “What has changed is the increasing importance of climate change as a greater threat than the others,” says David Wachenfeld, a scientist of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Coral reefs are extremely sensitive(敏感的) to warming ocean temperatures.

In a report on April 28, the Australian government said it set aside $500 million to help protect corals. The money will be spent on reducing water pollution from agriculture, fighting coral-killing starfish, reef monitoring, and research on climate influence.

Though the Australian investment is welcome, it will at best only delay coral deaths. It’s too little, too late, as a leading coral-scientist Terry Hughes of James Cook University put it. The only way to save corals over the long term is to slow down climate change. That process will require all countries to work together to find the most effective way of cutting emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases.

The most recent emissions figures, however, show that the world is failing at that task. The year 2018 has seen an increase in global emissions. This week in Bonn, Germany, countries are meeting to discuss how to keep their word in the Paris climate agreement. Let’s hope they hear about the silent death of the world’s corals.

1. Why does the author write the text?

A．To introduce the Great Barrier Reef.

B．To show the result of climate change.

C．To offer ways of protecting the Great Barrier Reef.

D．To tell us the serious situation of the Great Barrier Reef.

2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A．Sea-plants help to protect the coral reefs.

B．Water temperature has little to do with the coral reefs.

C．Climate change is the main reason for coral reefs’ death.

D．Agricultural fertilizer provides nutrients for coral reefs.

3. According to Terry Hughes, the Australian investment in protecting the coral reefs was _______.

A．timely	B．unsatisfying
C．effective	D．useless

4. How can we protect the Great Barrier Reef effectively in the long run?

A．By reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases.

B．By cutting down the number of tourists.

C．By setting more strict rules on overfishing.

D．By investing more in climate research.

4 . On November 7, Lewis Pugh completed a one-kilometer swim in the freezing waters of King Edward Cove, off South Georgia in Antarctica. He was wearing only his swimming glasses, cap and Speedo !

Pugh is an advocate for our oceans and seas, working to protect these ecosystems with their large diversity of marine life. When asked why he doesn't wear a wetsuit(防寒泳衣), Pugh says, "I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If I'm asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message."

It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one-kilometer swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1.6 degrees Celsius. He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down. As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops, which in turn causes his muscle control to drop, slowing him down. When he is done with his swim, his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.

Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters. Even expert swimmers who are unused to freezing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body. Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.

This is not the first time that Pugh has swum in dangerous conditions. In 2007, he swam one kilometer in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Arctic ice due to climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarctica's Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a marine reserve there.

1. Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuits ?

A．To show his bravery.

B．To swim faster.

C．To build up his body.

D．To have overnight fame.

2. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to'?

A．His body temperature.

B．His body

C．The water.

D．The water temperature.

3. What's Pugh's advice about swimming in freezing waters?

A．One should be expert at swimming.

B．One must be used to long-distance swimming.

C．One should be ready to take on challenges.

D．One must be adequately prepared for it.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Lewis Pugh: achieving the impossible

B．How to survive a swim in cold waters

C．Lewis Pugh: swimming for a cause

D．How to prepare for extreme swimming

5 . Scientists say they have found high levels of small plastic particles(颗粒) in Arctic snow. A German-Swiss research team collected snow samples(样本）from the Arctic and other areas. They included northern Germany, the Bavarian and Swiss Alps, and the North Sea island of Heligoland.When the researchers examined the samples in a laboratory, they were surprised to find very high levels of microplastics.

Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. These plastic particles are generally smaller than 5 millimeters in length. They come from the breakdown of man-made plastic products and industrial waste.

The study found the highest levels of microplastics came from the Bavarian Alps. One snow sample from the area had 154,000 microplastic particles per liter. Samples collected from the Arctic had much lower levels. However, even samples from the Arctic contained up to 14,000 particles per liter.

The study also attempted to explore how some of the material could have been carried in the atmosphere. A limited number of earlier studies did find microplastics in the air of some cities, including Paris, Tehran and Dongguan, China.

Bergmann Melanie co-wrote the report on the new study. She believes the new study clearly shows that “the majority of the microplastic in the snow comes from the air.” The new study suggests that much of the microplastic found in Europe and the Arctic comes from the atmosphere and snow.

While there is growing concern about the effect of microplastics on the environment, scientists are still studying their possible harmful effects on humans and animals. “I hope the new study will lead to more research on this issue. I think   microscopic plastic particles should be included in worldwide observations of air pollution levels.We really need to know what effects microplastics have on humans, especially if inhaled with the air that we breathe.” Bergmann said.

1. Why did scientists collect samples from so many places in paragragh 1?

A．To make the research convincing.

B．To attract people to explore there.

C．To measure the length of microplastics .

D．To examine the samples easily in the lab.

2. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The risks of microplastics.

B．The transport of microplastics.

C．The breakdown of plastic products.

D．The description of microplastics.

3. What did the research team find about microplastics?

A．Many people threw them away at the Alps.

B．They were delivered to remote areas through air.

C．They could be caught sight of in the air.

D．They had no great effect on the environment.

4. What can be inferred from what Bergmann said in the last paragraph?

A．Scientists are worried about the the influence of microplastics.

B．We have found a practical solution to the environment problem.

C．The effect of microplastics on human must be urgently researched.

D．There is no need to change observations of air pollution levels.

6 . Cows produce much methane (甲烷) the world’s second worst greenhouse gas, as they break down the grass. They are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change. Now scientists have shown the pollution from cows can be reduced by adding a little seaweed (海藻) to their food.

Recently, the researchers from the University of California studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood, which allowed the scientists to know the amount of the methane the cows were giving off. They added a small amount of seaweed to the cows’ food.

The consequences were surprisingly good. In some cases, the cows produced 82% less methane. The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. What’s more, the cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows.

But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed. For one thing, there’s not enough seaweed to feed all of the cows in the world. So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed. A bigger problem is that for most of their lives, cows live in the fields, where they eat grass. That means there’s no chance to feed them seaweed every day.

Still, as the study shows, something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.

1. Why did the researchers carry out the study?

A．To test the effects of the seaweed.

B．To discover healthier grass for cows.

C．To improve the cows’ living conditions.

D．To measure the amount of methane in the world.

2. What’s the third paragraph mainly about?

A．The background of the subject.	B．The results of the study.
C．The content of the experiment.	D．The process of the research.

3. What is the biggest challenge in the researchers’ opinion?

A．Seaweed is not as tasty as grass.

B．Seaweed is dying out in the world.

C．Cows fed with seaweed gained weight easily.

D．Cows can hardly have daily access to seaweed.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the findings?

A．Positive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Unclear.

D．Negative.

9 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

It can be seen from the picture Mr. Liu，who wears a mask. was walking his dog. Interestingly，his dog which also wears a mask.

In recent year，air pollution has become more and more serious in some areas，which have led to severe consequences. To solve this problem，firstly of all，we should raise the public awareness of protecting the environment. Secondly，the government ought to punish the illegal acts as polluting the environment severe. Thirdly，we must do our best to protecting the environment in our daily life. Only in this way can human beings and animals share a pleasant planet or live a happy life.

10 . Each year, the world loses about 10 million hectares of forest — an area about the size of Iceland — because of cutting down trees. At that rate, some scientists predict the world’s forests could disappear in 100 to 200 years. To handle it, now researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have pioneered a technique to generate wood-like plant materials in a lab. This makes it possible to “grow” a wooden product without cutting down trees.

In the lab, the researchers first take cells from the leaves of a young plant. These cells are cultured in liquid medium for two days, then moved to another medium which contains nutrients and two different hormones (激素). By adjusting the hormone levels, the researchers can tune the physical and mechanical qualities of the cells. Next, the researchers use a 3D printer to shape the cell-based material, and let the shaped material grow in the dark for three months. Finally, the researchers dehydrate (使脱水) the material, and then evaluate its qualities.

They found that lower hormone levels lead to plant materials with more rounded, open cells of lower density (密度), while higher hormone levels contribute to the growth of plant materials with smaller but denser cell structures. Lower or higher density of cell structures makes the plant materials softer or more rigid, helping the materials grow with different wood-like characteristics. What’s more, it’s to be noted that the research process is about 100 times faster than the time it takes for a tree to grow to maturity!

Research of this kind is ground-breaking. “This work demonstrates the great power of a technology,” says lead researcher, Jeffrey Berenstain. “The real opportunity here is to be at its best with what you use and how you use it. This technology can be tuned to meet the requirements you give about shapes, sizes, rigidity, and forms. It enables us to ‘grow’any wooden product in a way that traditional agricultural methods can’t achieve.”

1. Why do researchers at MIT conduct the research?

A．To grow more trees.

B．To protect plant diversity.

C．To reduce tree losses.

D．To predict forest disappearance.

2. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the lab research?

A．Its theoretical basis.

B．Its key procedures.

C．Its scientific evidence.

D．Its usual difficulties.

3. What does the finding suggest about the plant materials?

A．The hormone levels affect their rigidity.

B．They are better than naturally grown plants.

C．Their cells’shapes mainly rely on their density.

D．Their growth speed determines their characteristics.

4. Why is the research ground-breaking according to Berenstain?

A．It uses new biological materials in lab experiments.

B．It has a significant impact on worldwide plant growth.

C．It challenges traditional scientific theories in forestry.

D．It revolutionizes the way to make wooden products.