1 . China has made great improvements in environmental protection during the past 70 years.     1     Each species (物种) on Earth has a role to play in the ecosystem.

In recent decades, a series of wildlife-protection movements have been carried out by the central government.     2     The giant panda and the crested ibis are among these success stories.

The giant panda used to have a population of 1,114 in the 1970s. It now totals 1,864 thanks to 52 protection areas.     3     By the end of last year, seven of the nine pandas released had survived in the wild.     4     In 1981, only seven crested ibises were found in Yang County, Shaanxi Province.Since then, breeding programs have helped the population reach 2,000. China has even sent crested ibises to Japan and South Korea in recent years to help with the species’ survival.

    5     Key projects will be continually carried out to improve protection, including making the lists of wild animals and plants under state protection, and fighting against illegal wildlife trade.

A．As environmental damage has increased, signs of change have appeared around the world.

B．Another species was once thought to be extinct.

C．Scientists have worked to feed pandas and then release them into the wild.

D．People call for immediate protection of the remaining species.

E．The protection of several species in danger of extinction has made impressive progress thanks to the methods.

F．China will continue its efforts of the wildlife protection.

G．Protecting wildlife is, without doubt, an important part.

2 . Today，there are thousands of national parks all over the world.    1     In that year，the United States government gave a large piece of land to the state of California.They ask the state to create a special park to protect the mountains and forest in the area.The trees in this area are called sequoias.    2     They are the tallest living things in the world and are not found anywhere else on Earth.

Conservationists in other countries saw what happened in California and soon began to do the same.Today Europe has over 350 national parks.The first one in France，Vanoise National Park，was created in 1963 because the government wanted to stop a plan to build a large tourist project there.The idea of creating a national park was first discussed in the 1940s，but people couldn’t agree on what size to make the park.    3     Ecologists worked with the government to finally agree on a plan that protected the animals，while still allowing some tourism.

    4    Like the first California park，the Bavarian Forest National Park was created to protect mountains and trees.It is the largest area of protected forest in Europe.The park has shelters where visitors can spend a night close to nature.In some places high up in the mountains，there are steps cut into the rock.    5     Thousands of tourists go to the park each year.They walk through the attractive woods and enjoy the wonderful mountain views.

A．This makes it easier for tourists to get to the top.

B．The world’s first national park was started in 1864.

C．The biggest ones are over one hundred meters high.

D．The first national park in Germany opened in 1970.

E．The Giant Forest in Sequoia National Park is alive with mystery and wonder.

F．They also had different ideas on whether to put human or animal needs first.

G．The human feel very fortunate to be able to get so close to these beautiful national parks.

3 . 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

We all agree that we should recycle more — at home, in the office or when out and about. But for materials to be recycled, they first need to find their way to the right waste stream.     1     This is what the process of sorting allows us to do.

For effective recycling we need effective sorting. And this needs to happen first, in our own home and second, in sorting plants to which waste collected from our doorstep is taken. When you put a plastic bottle in the right recycling bin, you are helping sort recyclables. So the right material can be fed into the right recycling process.     2     They can be a loss of valuable resources from our economy.

    3     For instance, in Brussels, Belgium, consumers put plastic packaging, cans and beverage cartons in blue bags designed for recyclable packaging; paper in yellow bags for recycling; and glass needs to be taken to specific collection bins. Somewhat differently, in Vienna (Austria), citizens can expect their paper, metal, glass and plastic to be separately collected in different weeks of the year.     4     In this way, they can sort their recyclables at home more effectively.

Once recyclable materials are collected from your doorstep, they are further sorted in specialized facilities which ensure the quality of the recycling process.     5     Traditionally, sorting has been done either manually with workers sorting what can be recycled and picking out the materials to be discarded or mechanically. Today, however, new technologies are being developed in order to speed up the process of sorting but to also yield better results. Exciting technologies using magnets or optical systems are being used to effectively sort materials so more of it can be recycled.

A．If sorting doesn't happen, recyclable materials can end up in landfills.

B．This is where different sorting techniques come into play.

C．In Europe, collection systems vary from country to country.

D．So citizens need to be aware of their local collection system.

E．Then they can be collected and taken to the right place for recycling.

F．The rest, though they could be recycled and reused, were landfilled or burned.

G．In recent years, Europe has seen a 25% growth in recycling secondary raw materials.

4 . In New York, students at 18 schools participate in a program called We Future Cycle. Started by Anna Giordano in 2014, it teaches kids to recycle, compost(堆肥), and reduce food waste.

Lunch areas at the participating schools are equipped with three clearly marked bins – compost, recycle and share. While the first two are common in schools, the third is rare, where kids can put their unwanted drinks, fruits, and even untouched sandwiches. Items in the container are available for any student that wants them. Whatever remains at the end of the day is donated to the food bank. Giordano says the three bins have helped reduce the number of trash bags from an average of 22 to just 2!

To ensure kids adopt similar habits at home, the non-profit has created extensive curriculum to educate families about the importance of sorting waste into the proper streams of recycling, composting, trash and food to donate They also urge parents to have open conversations with their kids about food choices.

But, as we’re all aware, kids aren’t the only ones that waste food - Adults are equally bad, if not worse! To prevent that, Josh Treuhaft founded Salvage Supper club in 2014. The occasionally organized dinners promise people a tasty multi-course meal for a mere $50 USD per person. It is also a plan to save waste because the delicious food is made from vegetables that are past their prime and, therefore, headed for the trash bin.

The other catch? Customers have to eat their meals inside a dumpster（大型垃圾装卸车）! The place, of course, is totally clean. It is just a symbolic gesture. In addition to helping people rethink their actions, Treuhaft also helps them do good by donating part of the profits to non-profits devoted to fighting against food waste.

1. What is the aim of We Future Cycle?

A．To collect money and food for poor children.

B．To educate children to treasure and save food.

C．To encourage children to share food with others.

D．To inspire children to learn agriculture knowledge.

2. Which word can be used to describe We Future Cycle?

A．Successful.

B．Official.

C．Impractical.

D．World-famous.

3. What do we know about Salvage Supper club?

A．It is mainly aimed for adults.

B．It is founded by Anna Giordano.

C．It provides free supper for people.

D．It has enjoyed great success in many schools.

4. What is the reason for people eating in a dumpster?

A．It is money- saving.

B．People like to be unique.

C．It can remind people of food waste problem.

D．A dumpster is much cleaner than a restaurant.

5 . Australia's Prime Minister Scott Morrison has expressed regret over his handling of the bushfire crisis damaging the country. The PM has faced mounting criticism over his government's response to the bushfires and its climate policy.

Since September, bushfires have killed at least 28 people and destroyed thousands of homes. Mr Morrison's government has been accused of not doing enough to deal with climate change, which experts say could increase the strength, frequency and size of bushfires. But in the interview, the PM defended the approach of the government, which he said took into account the effect of climate change on the bushfires.

Each year there is a fire season during the Australian summer, with hot, dry weather making it easier for flames to start and spread. Natural causes are to blame most of the time, like lightning strikes in drought-affected forests. Humans can also be to blame. NSW police have charged at least 24 people with deliberately starting bushfires, and have taken legal action against 183 people for fire-related offenses since November, according to a police statement.

Bushfire conditions eased on Saturday, giving firefighters a temporary short break in areas where flames are still spreading. But authorities have warned that the huge fires, caused by high temperatures, wind and a three-year drought, will persist until there is adequate rainfall.

About half a billion animals have been affected by the fires across NSW, with millions likely dead. The figures for NSW include birds, reptiles, and mammals, except bats. It doesn't include insects and frogs, so the real number is almost certain to be higher, the ecologists said. Almost a third of koalas in NSW may have been killed in the fires, and a third of their habitat has been destroyed, said Federal Environment Minister Sussan Ley.

1. What can we learn in the first two paragraphs?

A．The bushfires caused little damage in Australia.

B．The PM criticized the climate policy.

C．People are angry about the government's inadequate action.

D．The government will change its response to the bushfires.

2. What makes the Australian summer a fire season?

A．Greenhouse effect.	B．Lightning strike.
C．Human's behaviour.	D．Hot dry weather.

3. What does the underlined word “persist" mean in Para 4?

A．decrease

B．last

C．disappear

D．run

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．More animals have been affected than the figure shows.

B．A billion animals face extinction due to the fires.

C．Koalas are in immediate danger of dying out.

D．The huge fires have no influence on insects and frogs.

6 . To meet the global climate crisis that is approaching, big lifestyle changes are required of those of us. The good news is that our way of life can remain meaningful and worthy as our consumption becomes sustainable(可持续发展的).

    1     Eat less meat and move toward a plant-based diet. This is one of the most effective things we can do because the food we now produce and consume is destroying the very ecosystems that we depend upon for survival. Here are some of the grim facts.

The U. S. uses about one-half of its land for agriculture.     2    For example, the U. S. uses over 90 million acres of good agricultural land to produce corn, which is mostly fed to livestock(家畜).

With 7.6 billion people on earth, the demand for food is enormous and constantly on the rise. It’s easy to feel we can’t make a difference.     3    We should not ignore the power of the choices we make.

Even one person can make a big difference by eating less meat and moving toward a plant-based diet and make contributions to the health of the planet as well as your own. Recognize how the food we eat is connected to other living beings. It often helps us make much wiser buying choices.     4    This way, we will help people around the world enjoy more eco-friendly and nutritious foods.

    5    When you change your diet to be more sustainable, you become visible proof that changing our food habits is doable, healthy, and enjoyable.

A．Little things matter in your relationship with the earth.

B．By buying mindfully, we support local, affordable agriculture.

C．But we can change our diet to heal the earth as we heal ourselves.

D．Unfortunately, the majority is used to raise livestock or for crops consumed by them.

E．Your choices create positive impacts on the food system and inspire the people around you.

F．There’s one step you can take right away to reduce harm to Mother Earth.

G．We can try to reduce waste by using leftovers and eating the fresh produce we buy.

7 . Where the streets smell like cheese: Milwaukee tries dairy waste as de-icer

In response to the winter storm striking the area last weekend, street crews of Milwaukee, a city in Wisconsin, will be spreading cheese brine(卤水)along its ice-covered streets this winter as an alternative of normally used rock salt, which serves as an essential road de-icer despite its damaging impact on the environment.

The trial was inspired by a successful experiment in rural Polk County. In addition to being a more effective de-icer due to a lower freezing point, the cheesy liquid prevents rock salt from bouncing and scattering off roadways, which means less has to be used and less of it ends up entering the surrounding environment.

Milwaukee can make good use of the difficult-to-dispose type of organic waste found in great abundance across the state: salty leftover cheese-making juice. Sometimes you just have to get creative and work with the type of waste byproduct and turn it into something beneficial. When the first cheese brine salt trucks of the city appeared in the street last week, Tom Barrett, Mayor of Milwaukee, compared the act to “thinking outside of the cheese box”.

To be clear, Milwaukee won’t completely replace rock salt with thousands of gallons of salty cheese juice. The project, which will first be tested in Bay View neighborhood, will involve a mixture of rock salt and cheese brine. The brine will be sourced from a production plant owned by F&A Dairy in Polk County. Milwaukee will save in rock salt costs while F&A Dairy, which transforms 900, 000 pounds of milk into cheese every day, will save cash in the brine disposal.

While it is noted that the cheese brine solution has a “distinctive odor.” Emil Norby, the gentleman who originally thought of using cheese brine to treat ice-covered roads, explains that Milwaukee residents can expect to experience the slight bad milk smell once the cheese brine is applied to streets. He smiles, “I don’t really mind it. Our roads smell like Wisconsin!”

1. Why does the cheese brine become an option as a road de-icer?

A．It increases the consumption of cheese.	B．It decreases milk byproducts.
C．It is from experiences of Polk County.	D．It’s more effective and eco-friendly.

2. What can the underlined idiom in the 3rd paragraph be used to describe?

A．A test with an expected result.	B．A trial made creatively.
C．A company benefiting the locals.	D．A volunteer who protects environments.

3. What do people think of the project of the city and F&A Dairy?

A．It will make a fortune for the city.	B．It will change the life of local people.
C．It will attract more investment.	D．It will be a win-win co-operation.

4. How do the locals respond to the smell of cheese brine according to Norby?

A．It will lead to bad appetite.	B．It may make them sick.
C．It is still acceptable.	D．It cannot be noticed.

8 . How do you deal with plastic bags from the supermarket？Throw them away or recycle them? How about eating them?

The bags are no harmful to the environment.Humans and animals can safely eat them.Indian company EnviGreen has made a bag with natural materials.It looks and feels just like plastic，but can be broken down(分解) easily.

Ashwath Hedge who set up the EnviGreen company spent four years doing experiments(实验)with 12 natural materials.They include potato，corn，vegetable oil and banana.He made the materials into liquid(液体) and used the liquid to make the bag.

Although the EnviGreen bag is more expensive than a common plastic bag，it has many advantages.According to the Wall Street Journal，it takes 1，000 years for common plastic bags to break down.But an EnviGreen bag can naturally break down in less than 180 days.It also breaks down in less than a day in water，and in less than a minute in boiling water. Hedge was happy to show it in his interview；he put an EnviGreen bag in water and ate it with a smile.

There are more that 15，000 tons of plastic waste in India every day.But only 9，000 tons are processed.In China，3 billion plastic bags are used every day.Maybe the EnviGreen bag could be a solution(解决办法) to the world problem of plastic pollution.

1. According to Paragraph 2，we can know the following EXCEPT________．

A．the EnviGreen bag can break down easily

B．the EnviGreen bag is made from natural materials

C．the EnviGreen bag can be eaten by humans and animals

D．the EnviGreen bag is a little bit harmful to the environment

2. The main idea of the third paragraph is “________”．

A．What Hedge thinks of the new bag

B．How Hedge makes the EnviGreen bag

C．Who sets up the EnviGreen company

D．How long it takes Hedge to make the bag

3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 shows that the EnviGreen bag________．

A．is safe and can break down quickly

B．is useful although it is more expensive

C．looks and feels like a common plastic bag

D．will be used more widely than a common bag

4. The EnviGreen bag breaks down fastest in________．

A．hot air	B．cold water
C．boiling water	D．natural air

5. From the last paragraph，we can infer(推断)________．

A．all of India’s plastic waste is processed

B．India has the most plastic waste in the world

C．China produces more plastic waste than India

D．the EnviGreen bag may help solve the problem of plastic pollution

9 . When you think of the Arctic, you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on Earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash, and now, CNN says, “It’s theArctic’s turn. ”

German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow, the Associated Press reported.   Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastic per liter of snow.

How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s readily apparent that the majority of the microplastic in the snow comes from the air. ” They fall off of plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in. An even higher amount of microplastic was found in the snow around cities.

The high concentrations found in snow samples suggest microplastics, which contain rubber or chemicals used in synthetic fabrics, may cause significant air pollution.

Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the World Health Organization. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk, heightening the need to further assess（评估）the risks of taking them in, the study said.

Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Previous research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, damaging ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, when we wash clothes with plastic fibers. The wastewater then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.

1. What does the author mean by “It’s the Arctic’s turn.” in Paragraph 1?

A．The Arctic is pictured as an icy land of pure white snow.

B．The Arctic has also been polluted by plastics.

C．The Arctic is the last really clean place on Earth.

D．People still knew nothing about the Arctic.

2. From the second Paragraph we know that microplastics are ____________

A．very tiny pieces of plastics.	B．like dust.
C．larger than 5 millimeters.	D．mixed with snow.

3. Why do we need to pay greater attention to the risks of absorbing microplastics?

A．They can find ways into our bodies.	B．They can stay in our body for a long time
C．They may lead to lung cancer.	D．They are small enough.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Plastic snow falls from the sky.	B．Microplastics contain rubber or chemicals.
C．The Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow.	D．Rivers and oceans are in danger.