Since Japan began releasing nuclear-contaminated (核污染的) wastewater into the Pacific Ocean last Thursday despite strong opposition and
Experts say that the influence of Japan’s release of wastewater
Some even say that they will expect
A.They use fewer plastic bags. | B.They don’t drive cars. | C.They waste less food. |
3 . A smoke bomb from a party started a major blaze (火焰) near Los Angeles in September,just one of many recent wildfires ignited (引燃) by people. Now, an analysis of satellite data shows human-caused blazes spread much faster and kill more trees than ones ignited by lightning.
Fire has always been a part of California’s natural history. But several centuries of human settlement have created new conditions that promote its spread.Studies have shown human ignition is to blame for 84% of all wildfires in the United States,and 97% of all those that threaten homes.
Human-caused fires always seemed more extreme, says Stijn Hantson,a fire ecologist at the University of California,Irvine,who led the new research. But measurements of how fast they spread and their impacts on ecosystems (生态系统) in California had not been explored, he notes.
To examine those differences, Hantson and his colleagues analyzed satellite data for 214 wildfires in California between 2012 and 2018.Human-caused fires typically spread about 1.83 kilometers per day, more than twice as fast as lightning-ignited burns,the team reports.The faster spreading fires also burned more violently and killed “double or triple” the trees as lightning-caused ones.
However, there is no fundamental difference in the chemistry of a human-caused blaze. “A fire is a fire” Hantson says. “It’s the surrounding things that matter.” Causes of fires ranging from improperly thrown cigarettes to sparking (冒火花) power lines could ignite a blaze on any given day, he says, while lightning strikes and dry thunderstorms only happen seasonally.
The researchers tracked meteorological data and found that human-caused fires were more likely to start on days with extreme weather conditions,and were more associated with drier,less-forested landscapes. This adds to scientists’ understanding of how humans are extending the fire season, says Nathan Mietkiewicz, an ecologist with the National Ecological Observation Network.
1. The author uses some data in paragraph 2 to show that ________.A.wildfires are mostly caused by humans |
B.most wildfires threaten people’s homes |
C.wildfire is a part of California’s natural history |
D.wildfires break out frequently in the United States |
A.To prove how extreme human-caused fires are. |
B.To find out the causes and solutions of wildfires. |
C.To explore the speed and effects of wildfires caused by humans. |
D.To examine the differences between a human-caused blaze and a nature-caused one. |
A.By giving examples. |
B.By making comparisons. |
C.By analyzing cause and effect. |
D.By giving definitions. |
A.Human-caused fires and lightning-caused fires are basically different. |
B.Lightning strikes and thunderstorms can always lead to wildfires. |
C.Wildfires only happen in dry,less-forested areas. |
D.Humans are to blame for the extended fire season. |
4 . A team of researchers at ETH Zurich has the perfect long-lasting solution to our fog problem. They have developed a very thin and gold-based transparent coating (涂层) that can convert sunlight into heat, which can be applied to glass and other surfaces to prevent them from fogging.
The special coating is developed using titanium oxide and gold particles. It selectively absorbs infrared radiations (红外线辐射) from the sunlight and creates a heating effect that is powerful enough to keep fog away from the surface of an object. The coating basically employs heat to stop fogging. The coating absorbs a large part of the infrared radiation, which causes it to heat up-by up to 8℃.
Previously, products like anti-fogging sprays (喷雾) create a very thin film of water on the surface to remove fog. The problem with such surfaces is pollution. Along with water, the sprays also attract dirt, dust, oil, and various other dirty substances, and just a little dirt on the surface makes it useless. However, the new coating repels (排斥) water. Furthermore, the coating is significantly thinner, which makes it more transparent as well as flexible. It is heated passively and requires, during daytime, no additional energy source.
Gold might be expensive, but the researchers stress that their coating requires so little that the material costs remain low. Their coating is produced with standardized and readily scalable methods, all cost-effectively. However, although this product can work at very low levels of solar radiation, it does rely on a certain amount of light.
The researchers will develop the coating further for other applications. In the process, they will examine whether other metals work just as well as gold. There is no need to fear. However, this would cause a car or a building to heat up more in the summer. The researchers have already filed a patent. Hopefully, this groundbreaking product will soon be available on the market.
1. How does the new coating work to remove fog?A.By reflecting part of sunlight selectively. |
B.By keeping cool air away from the object. |
C.By creating a thin film of water on the surface. |
D.By absorbing infrared radiations to heat the coating. |
A.To stress the advantages of the new coating. |
B.To introduce the inspiration behind the new coating. |
C.To prove the difficulty of creating anti-fogging products. |
D.To explain the reason for the anti-fogging coating being popular. |
A.It is considerably expensive. | B.It depends on sunlight to work. |
C.It takes too much time to produce. | D.It is difficult to clean and maintain. |
A.Apply for a patent for the invention. |
B.Develop the product for more practical uses. |
C.Explore the environmental impact of the coating. |
D.Seek a more environmentally friendly material to replace gold. |
5 . In 2014, Xu Yitang, a Beijing native who had been studying Peking Opera since childhood, went with friends for a birthday celebration to Beijing Zoo. Little did he know that a chance encounter at the aquarium there would excite a lifelong passion. As Xu Yitang stared at corals bathed in tank’s light, a sense of wonder crowded into his mind. Lost in the beauty and mystery of the creatures, he spent the entire afternoon in front of it. After that, he began to frequent the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants who sell ornamental plants, fish and corals. He also searched for information on relevant forums online. Before long, he had set up a small fish tank at home and started cultivating a coral.
Nowadays, Xu Yitang who has moved to the tropical island of South China’s Hainan province, works for a Sanya-based tropical biological laboratory belonging to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and document the growth and development of the creatures that captured his heart all those years ago. Nicknamed “coral man”, he is actively engaged on such social media platforms as Sina Weibo, where he regularly shares visually beautiful photos and entertaining videos of corals. He aims to encourage individuals to take action in protecting coral reefs and the oceans as a whole from the destructive impact of climate change and human activities.
Unfortunately, with the strengthening of the greenhouse effect, rising sea temperatures have led to coral bleaching (白化) and decay. A coral reef’s beautiful colors come from the symbiotic algae (共生藻类) zooxanthellae that provide more than 90 percent of the energy through photosynthesis (光合作用). Coral bleaching occurs when coral expels the algae and dies due to the lack of nutrients.
In the laboratory, he would film educational videos to raise awareness and knowledge about corals, so that people can learn how to protect them effectively.
1. What changed Xu Yitang’s career choice?A.Frequenting the local market. |
B.Setting up a small fish tank at home. |
C.Having an encounter at the aquarium. |
D.Observing coral growth and development. |
A.Xu is a diver in the lab. |
B.Xu is a coral conservationist. |
C.Xu spends few hours on his work every day. |
D.Xu shares his videos for corals through social media platforms. |
A.Rising sea temperatures. | B.Lots of nutrients in the water. |
C.Coral farming practices. | D.Lack of sunlight in deep waters. |
A.Critical. | B.Indifferent. | C.Objective. | D.Enthusiastic. |
1. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A.A couple. | B.Colleagues. | C.Classmates. |
A.Cans. | B.Paper. | C.Plastic bottles. |
A.Stop using paper cups. |
B.Prepare boxes for different wastes. |
C.Reduce the use of paper, plastic and cans. |
1. What made Maya Bay draw too many tourists since 1999?
A.The convenient location. |
B.A famous Hollywood movie. |
C.Its first opening to the public. |
A.To develop it. | B.To do research. | C.To protect the natural life. |
A.300. | B.2,000. | C.4,000. |
A.Surf the Internet. | B.Read some magazines. | C.Book a holiday. |
1. 活动目的;
2. 活动内容;
3. 注意事项。
注意:1 .写作词数80左右;
2. 请按格式要求在答题卡位置作答。
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9 . Imagine being able to pop to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right? For residents of Andernach, German, it’s not just a dream—it’s their reality.
In 2010, Andernach began its edible(可食用的)city project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. The town’s motto of sorts is “Picking is encouraged—help yourself!” Every year a new type of plant is highlighted. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties.
It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialise as well as to learn about planting, cultivating and harvesting food.
An Andernach resident spoke to DW,“I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is that you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!”
Andernach may have been the first in German, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, a project funded by European Union to connect green urban foot initiatives around the world. Other cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and Sempeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr Ina Saumel, principal investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it “a unique opportunity to invite researchers of edible city solutions and practitioners to the same table.”
Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to give people “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities.” It is a response to the pressures of global climate change, and a significant cause full of hope.
1. What can residents do in public green spaces according to the edible city project?A.Sell the produce they grow there. |
B.Learn knowledge about planting. |
C.Grow whatever plant as they like. |
D.Pay to pick some vegetables there. |
A.Novel and popular. | B.Creative and costly. |
C.Common and fundamental. | D.Rare and unacceptable. |
A.Andernach is the only city to carry it out. |
B.European Union originally established it. |
C.It helps combine theories with practices. |
D.It invites people to share meals together. |
A.To help residents relieve their pressure. |
B.To involve residents in urban planting. |
C.To increase the produce supply in cities. |
D.To create environmentally friendly cities. |
10 . In 1906, Theodore Roosevelt (1858—1919), America’s 26th president, signed the American Antiquities Act. The law
Roosevelt’s
Roosevelt soon developed an interest in
Roosevelt again
Roosevelt was right. Severe weather
A.permitted | B.expected | C.designed | D.forced |
A.materials | B.resources | C.ruins | D.attractions |
A.in practice | B.in theory | C.in office | D.in charge |
A.devoted | B.impressed | C.addicted | D.known |
A.desire | B.promise | C.solution | D.concern |
A.behalf | B.favour | C.hope | D.honour |
A.advantage | B.interest | C.luck | D.sense |
A.raising | B.hunting | C.running | D.providing |
A.earned | B.saved | C.spent | D.introduced |
A.personal | B.pleasant | C.necessary | D.astonishing |
A.went off | B.died of | C.tripped over | D.figured out |
A.explored | B.followed | C.headed | D.left |
A.escape | B.quit | C.share | D.concentrate |
A.rushed | B.travelled | C.survived | D.relaxed |
A.adventures | B.encounters | C.experiences | D.decisions |
A.last | B.disappear | C.arrive | D.occur |
A.involved | B.struck | C.supported | D.removed |
A.accident | B.freeze | C.blow | D.criticism |
A.conservation | B.presentation | C.preference | D.communication |
A.realize | B.accept | C.claim | D.shape |