A.The environment. | B.An activity. | C.A lifestyle. |
1. 保护环境的重要性;
2. 如何低碳生活;
3. 发出倡议。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
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1. What is the aim of the campaign?
A.To remind people of Earth Day. |
B.To encourage people to reduce garbage. |
C.To warn people of the bad effects of pollution. |
A.Planting trees. | B.Designing posters. | C.Collecting garbage. |
A.Paint paper. | B.Stop driving cars. | C.Decorate classrooms. |
A.Terrible. | B.Confusing. | C.Wonderful. |
4 . Time is running out for coral reefs as the climate gets hotter. So scientists are searching the globe for corals that are better at enduring heat, Now, new research shows how those “super corals” can survive: less roommate drama.
Reefs depend on a crucial partnership between the corals and the algae (海藻) that live in the corals’ tissue, The algae make food for the corals using sunlight and in exchange, get a nice spot to live. But when oceans heat up, that relationship goes bad, and the corals kick the algae out, Without their roommates, corals can die, turning a ghostly white, bleached (白化) color.
Still, some corals seem to resist bleaching better than others, A new study shows that those corals depend on algae that are better at tolerating heat. Researchers hope that pinpointing these abilities will help develop new conservation tools to preserve the world’s reefs as temperatures rise. About 1/4 of all marine life rely on coral reefs in some way, along with half 1 billion people around the world also depend on reefs for their food and livelihoods.
“Heat stress can kill a lot of corals really fast,” says Kate Quigley, a research scientist at James Cook University and the Minderoo Foundation in Australia. “I hope that nature does have some mechanisms to get us through the next few years while we get our act together.”
While the hope is that those algae could also aid in reef conservation in the future, researcher Patrick Buerger says it’s likely that it wouldn’t help all coral species. And even the toughest corals can only endure so much. Currently, the world is on track for just under 3degrees Celsius of warming by 2100, a level that would wipe out nearly all coral reefs.
“The action has to be on climate change,” he says. “This is a short-term solution that might buy some time for corals to adapt. But the main focus has to be on climate. There’s not a silver bullet to the problem.”
1. What is the feature of super corals?A.Sun-loving. | B.Long-living. | C.Good-looking. | D.Heat-bearing. |
A.Habitat. | B.Food. | C.Sunlight. | D.Friendship. |
A.The population of marine life. | B.The importance of coral reefs. |
C.The seriousness of global warming. | D.The living conditions of coral reefs. |
A.It is useless | B.It is the last hope. | C.It is temporary. | D.It is the silver bullet. |
5 . Last summer, a team of 15 primary and middle school students did a research on the biodiversity (生物多样性) of a small wetland (湿地) in Wuhan’s Houxianghe Park. They observed and recorded the number of plant and animal species (物种) there and made suggestions for improvement.
During their field research, the team found that there were few fish in the wetland. After further study, they found that there were not enough plants in the wetland for fish and other animals to develop in large groups.
In the following courses, students worked together to create design drawings and make a wetland-recovering plan. Thanks to their efforts, the biodiversity of the wetland has been greatly improved.
“It’s very meaningful,” said a primary school student in Wuhan. “I have learned a lot about strange animals and plants, and have also seen the improvement of the wetland. I’ll take part in more activities like this. ”
“It’s not easy for children to have a connection to nature in the city,” said an expert. “We should make full use of the city’s wetland and encourage more children to get closer to nature through the ‘Park Classes’ programme.”
In the past six years, the programme has carried out over 3, 000 activities in Wuhan’s 32 parks. It inspires students from primary and middle schools to learn more about environmental protection, and helps them get close to nature, developing their ability to explore and take action.
1. Why were there few fish in the wetland?A.People caught too many of them. |
B.Plants for them were not enough. |
C.Other animals ate many of them. |
A.It causes trouble. | B.It connects parks. | C.It benefits children. |
A.Experts. | B.Students. | C.Teachers. |
A.Houxianghe Park is very attractive to tourists. |
B.Outdoor classes give children a feel for nature. |
C.Experts and students work together for Wuhan. |
6 . Hardware in general, and smartphones in particular, have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites (垃圾填埋场).
Electronic waste(e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone, laptop and power bank. They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghana's capital, Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world, where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process. They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.
But Agbogbloshie should not exist. The Basel Convention, a 1989 treaty, aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. The e-waste industry, however, circumvents regulations by exporting e-waste labelled as "secondhand goods' to poor countries like Ghana, knowing full well that it is heading for a landfill site.
A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals. This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury (水银), lead and even arsenic (砷). Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA). Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of Ghana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.
Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste. For example, Germany has started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system at Agbogbloshie, along with a health clinic for workers. However, governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware, especially when governments' green policies are focused on issues like climate change.
Only the manufacturers can fix this. A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral.
1. What can we infer from paragraph 2?A.Electronic waste requires more landfill sites across Ghana. |
B.Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycled. |
C.Electronic products need to be improved urgently. |
D.Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie. |
A.Abolishes. | B.Tightens. | C.Brings in. | D.Gets around. |
A.The threat of polluted food around the world. |
B.The damage of chicken’s immune system. |
C.The lack of diversity in Ghana’s exports. |
D.The violation of EFSA’s standards. |
A.Manufacturers’ developing a sustainable hardware economy. |
B.Governments’ adjusting their green policies about e-waste. |
C.Reducing customers’ demands for electronic products. |
D.Manufacturers’ urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit. |
7 . Warming seas across the globe are endangering coral reefs (珊瑚礁), a key ecosystem that supports marine life to live and thrive. As a possible way to save them from extinction, scientists have recently frozen and revived groups of adult corals for the first time, according to a recent study.
Freezing biological materials, or “cryopreserving” them, refers to keeping them in a deep freeze for long periods without affecting the cell’s viability (活性), according to the Science Times website.
This method usually cools them to very low temperatures, commonly to -196℃. Since cells would normally die at such a low temperature due to the formation of ice inside, scientists need to monitor the freezing rate and choose the freezing medium carefully.
Researchers in the US experimented with freezing pea-sized pieces of a common coral in Hawaii. After removing the microbes on the corals, they sealed the corals in metal containers filled with a chemical solution that partially dehydrated (脱水) them and helped control ice growth.
When the corals reached a temperature of around -200℃, the remaining water in the corals solidified into a glassy form. The corals were still alive, with their life-driving functions becoming extremely slow. After being cryopreserved for a few minutes, the researchers pulled the corals out and placed them in warm water. In two minutes, they started consuming oxygen — a sign of them staying alive.
Previously, researchers had already successfully cryopreserved coral larvae (幼虫), according to a study in 2018. However, the larvae can only be collected when corals lay eggs, which happens just a few nights each year. “That’s putting a lot of eggs in one basket,” US marine scientist Liza Roger told Science News.
This breakthrough offers more hope to the world’s corals, said Roger. However, there’s more work to be done. A few days after thawing (解冻), the corals became “stressed out” from the process and were killed by the bacteria they normally live in harmony with. The researchers are working on using antibiotics to help them survive for a longer period of time.
1. What is the purpose of the recent study?A.To bring dead corals back to life. | B.To freeze and revive coral larvae. |
C.To find a way to preserve corals. | D.To study the conditions of coral growth. |
A.They died for the time being. | B.Their life functions slowed down. |
C.They remained alive and unchanged. | D.They fed on microbes in the containers. |
A.It is not a reliable solution. | B.It needs a large number of eggs. |
C.It holds promise for restoring corals. | D.It requires overly expensive technology. |
A.Finding a suitable freezing medium. | B.Identifying the bacteria on the corals. |
C.Expanding the collection of coral larvae. | D.Maintaining the corals’ health after thawing. |
8 . Can you imagine that there are a huge number of tiny waste pieces in the Arctic (北极的) sea ice? Because of the waste pieces, 30,000 kinds of animals are in danger. It’s true that one person’s acts alone can’t help the planet. But each one of us can find ways to make our contributions.
In the home, we could try not to waste foods. Use a digital meal planner to get a right amount of food so that everything we buy and cook gets eaten. Learn how to store foods to keep them fresh longer. Be sure to use proper ways to keep our home warm. For example we can replace old windows with energy-saving ones.
At the store, we could green our habits. Buy reusable plates, but not single-use ones. Buy home tissue not made of materials which may lead to destruction of forests. Buy glass cups instead of paper ones.
In the community, we could help keep its plants healthy. Take part in tree-planting projects or grass-cutting activities to help plants grow well.
Our actions alone can’t save the planet, but the above ways and habits can help.
1. In which sea can we find many tiny waste pieces according to the text?A.The Arctic sea. | B.The Atlantic sea. | C.The Indian sea. |
A.To buy home tissue. | B.To cook delicious foods. | C.To keep foods fresh longer. |
A.The act of building something. |
B.The act of destroying something. |
C.The act of protecting something. |
A.Useless. | B.Helpful. | C.Doubtful. |
A.The causes of sandstorms. |
B.The dangers of sandstorms. |
C.The prevention of sandstorms. |
10 . The Twenty-three-year-old Mumbai girl Vidhi Bubna is offering India’s first and only diving grant to explore the marine ecosystem.
Vidhi’s first diving experience turned out to be a heartbreaking one. While she expected a lot of colors underwater as she had seen on TV, Vidhi came across all white corals (珊瑚), which means they are almost dead from being bleached (褪色).
“It was very sad and I just started crying after coming out of the water,” she says.
Vidhi, an economics graduate from Ashoka University, did not enjoy working with numbers and turned to writing about social issues, including women’s rights and minority issues.
As an adventure lover, Vidhi went diving to explore the underwater beauty last year. Her disappointment at seeing dying corals led to the start of Coral Warriors, anon-profit organization that aims to raise awareness of marine protection and climate change.
“Nobody knows about climate change till they see it,” Vidhi says. The Mumbai-based organisation offers India’s first and only diving grant. The grant sponsors level-one scuba diving education in any location of their choice in India. While there is no specific standard, Vidhi says the selection process is strict, choosing candidates who are passionate about climate change and seeing that they do something of their choice. Four candidates have been awarded the grant so far and the organisation hopes to find at least five people every year.
“After the candidates return, we expect them to work on a climate change project of their choice, create communities, and work to create awareness and drive action-centric projects,” she explains.
Prior to starting coral warriors, Vidhi was hosting free online workshops to spread awareness of marine biodiversity and climate change, and has reached about 5, 000 people through them.
As a next step, Vidhi is planning to work on documentaries with high-quality underwater images and videos, considering not many can afford or have the courage to go diving to see what is happening underwater.
1. How did Vidhi feel on her first diving?A.Excited. | B.Upset. | C.Awesome. | D.Awkward. |
A.To focus more attention on social issues. |
B.To further explore the underwater beauty. |
C.To fuel people’s enthusiasm for adventure. |
D.To make an appeal for marine conservation. |
A.To help promote people’s sense of community. |
B.To choose whatever they are passionate about. |
C.To meet specific and strict selection standards. |
D.To undertake activities relevant to climate change. |
A.Ahoot documentaries. | B.Tackle climate change. |
C.Encourage people to dive. | D.Host free online workshops. |