1 . Children need to be prepared for an earthquake as much as adults, if not more.
Infants and Toddlers (初学走路的儿童) For infants and toddlers, special emphasis should be placed on making their environment as safe as possible. The beds should be placed away from windows and tall bookcases that could slide or fall. A minimum of a 72-hour supply of extra water, bottles, food, juices, clothing and medications should be stored where it is most likely to be reached after an earthquake. Also keep an extra bag with these things in your car. Install bumper pads (防撞垫) to protect babies during the shaking. Install latches (闩锁) on all cupboards (not just those young children can reach) so that nothing can fall on your baby during a quake.
Preschool and School-age Children By age three or so, children can understand what an earthquake is and how to get ready for one. Take the time to explain what causes earthquakes in terms they understand. Include your children in family discussions and planning for earthquake safety. Conduct drills and review safety procedures every six months. Show children the safest places to be in each room when an earthquake hits. Also show them all possible exits from each room. Teach children what to do wherever they are during an earthquake (at school, in a tall building, outdoors). Make sure children’s emergency cards at school are up-to-date. It’s important that they know what gas smells like. Advise children to tell an adult if they smell gas after an earthquake.
1. What kind of people does the passage aim at?| A．Children | B．Adults | C．Students | D．Parents |
| A．Placing the bed away from windows. | B．Explaining the causes of an earthquake. |
| C．Showing children the safest places. | D．Pointing the exits of each room to them. |
| A．run away | B．tell an adult |
| C．hide in the safe place | D．look for the exits |
2 . The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO 2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
1. ________, our world is becoming much smaller.| A．Because of the rise in pollution |
| B．Thanks to science development |
| C．Because the earth is being polluted day and night |
| D．Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year |
| A．rubbish | B．noise pollution | C．air pollution | D．water pollution |
| A．it makes much noise |
| B．it makes us angry more easily |
| C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirty |
| D．it’s bad for all living things in the world |
3 . Shark attacks can be deadly, but they are not common. Each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 people worldwide, and about 100 people
4 . People can reduce, reuse or recycle waste instead of throwing it away. Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment to see how much waste the three R's could save.
First, they collected the rubbish from six classrooms at their school and then divided the rubbish into three groups:
•things that were reusable, such as a pencil or a marker
•things that could be recycled, such as cans, glass, or paper
•things that were truly waste
Then, Matt and Sam weighed each of the three groups. They discovered that 84% of the total rubbish thrown away that day could be recycled or reused. They decided to do something about it.
Matt and Sam presented the idea of starting a recycling programme to the school leaders. Then they worked with the Student Council. They prepared brochures for the students and their families about recycling. After thinking over the possibility of the programme, the school bought colored containers for each classroom. Besides, each room received a blue container for paper and a green container for glass and cans as well as a red container for real rubbish.
Within a short time, each classroom in the school was sorting recyclable materials from rubbish before it was thrown. To check the school’s progress, Matt and Sam weighed the rubbish one more time. They collected the rubbish from the red containers from the same six classrooms as before, sorted the rubbish into three groups again and weighed each group. This time, they found that the red containers were filled with 90% real waste. Only 10% of recyclable materials had been thrown into the red containers. Matt and Sam were pleased with their efforts.
1. Why did Matt and Sam do the experiment?| A．To see what could be reused. |
| B．To see what could be recycled. |
| C．To see how much waste students produced. |
| D．To see how much waste the three R's could save. |
| A．They worked by themselves. |
| B．They made a speech on recycling. |
| C．They wrote brochures about recycling. |
| D．They bought colored containers for each classroom. |
| A．84%. | B．10%. | C．90%. | D．100%. |
| A．Friendly. | B．Generous. | C．Confident. | D．Responsible. |
5 . Sort trash, save Earth
You might not think much about where your garbage goes. But now you might want to know. On July 1, Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon.
Why is garbage sorting a big problem? It’s because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our soil, air and water. Actually we can make use of some garbage again.
And first, we need to sort our garbage. For example, if you put an old battery into the “harmful waste” bin, people can use it to make new batteries. But if you don’t, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the environment.
Can’t factories sort garbage for us? Yes, they can. But it takes many workers to do this and costs lots of money. If we all sort our own garbage, things will become much easier.
Garbage sorting and recycling around the world
• Germany: There are big machines in supermarkets. You can put bottles in the machines and get money back. You can get one to two yuan per bottle. People like this because they can get money and protect the environment at the same time.
• Japan: A trash truck comes to people’s doors to pick up their garbage. It plays music when it’s coming. There are eight or more kinds of garbage. If you sort any of them wrong, you will get a notice on your door.
• Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations. An hour-long bus ride costs three large bottles, five medium bottles or 10 plastic cups. But the bottles must be clean.
• Shanghai: Four kinds of garbage in Shanghai
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Recyclable garbage includes paper, books, boxes, newspapers, and glass bottles. | Harmful garbage includes lamps, batteries, nail polish (指甲油 ), and other things with harmful chemicals. | Wet garbage usually comes from the kitchen, such as food, vegetables, flowers, leaves and eggshells. | Dry garbage is anything you cannot put into the other three bins. It includes pens, toilet paper, tape, hair, and towels. |
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
| A．Many other cities in China have garbage-sorting policies. |
| B．Many people don’t like Shanghai’s garbage-sorting policy. |
| C．Shanghai is the first city in China to make a garbage-sorting policy. |
| D．China is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting policy. |
| A．how to sort our garbage |
| B．the importance of sorting our garbage |
| C．what harmful waste is |
| D．the difficulty of sorting our garbage |
| A．Because we don’t have this kind of factory. |
| B．Because factories ask for too much money. |
| C．Because it takes too many workers to do it. |
| D．Because not all garbage can go to factories. |
| A．Germany. | B．Indonesia. | C．Japan. | D．China. |
If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a “lesson” in sorting (分类) garbage, as the city introduced new garbage-sorting regulations on July 1, 2019.
As China’s first city to carry out strict regulations(规则) on garbage sorting and recycling, Shanghai requires its residents to sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.
Since the regulation took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced by an average of 15,500 tons, dropping 26 percent from the end of 2018, while the average daily weight of recyclables hits 4,500 tons, five times higher than the end of 2018, according to the Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau.
The city also rebuilt 21,000 waste-sorting stations and more than 40,000 waste bins have been updated. The city’s waste collection and transportation system is complete, according to the bureau.
“Proper waste sorting is to protect the environment and save natural resources,” said Deng Jianping, director of the bureau. “Led by the central government, Shanghai is making efforts to develop long-term solutions to garbage management.”
However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping (倾倒). According to the sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin.
This separation is necessary, as it ensures that the wet garbage will decompose (分解) properly and become useful organic (有机的) waste, the bureau said.
Plastic bags can affect this process. Some people in Shanghai are instead using paper bags that can biodegrade（生物降解）or plastic containers that can be washed and reused, according to Xinhua.
1. When did the new garbage-sorting regulations come into effect in Shanghai?（不多于4个单词）2. According to the passage, people in Shanghai are asked to sort their garbage into four categories, and what are they?（不多于8个单词）
3. Why should we sort garbage? （不多于11个单词）
4. How do people deal with wet garbage when dumping? （不多于7个单词）
7 . Make Albertsville Shine
After a long and snowy winter, spring has finally come to Albertsville. The leaves are out on the trees, and the grass is green again. All around town, people are cleaning up their homes. They are pulling weeds and planting flowers. They are sweeping yards and washing windows. Before long, Albertsville will look as fresh and shiny as a new coin, right?
Definitely not. Just take a look at the streets and sidewalks around town. There is litter( 垃圾 ) everywhere: fast food wrappers, soft drink cans, plastic bags, and more. This litter is dirty and ugly. It takes the shine off our lovely town.
But it doesn’t have to be this way. In many neighboring towns, volunteer groups “adopt(认领 )” a mile of a street or road to keep clean. The groups include schools and clubs. Volunteers pick up litter, cut bushes, wash sidewalks, and even plant flowers!
Sure, the volunteers work hard, but they also get to enjoy the beauty of their town. Better yet, they feel proud of themselves for making their town a better place to live.
So what are the people of Albertsville waiting for? Talk to people in your school or club about adopting part of a street or road. Then get to work! If enough volunteer groups get busy, Albertsville really will shine this spring.
1. Albertsville doesn’t look fresh and shiny because of _____.
| A．the lack of trees | B．the litter on the roads |
| C．the dirty and ugly houses | D．the bad weather in spring |
| A．picking up wastes | B．looking after plants |
| C．raising money | D．cleaning sidewalks |
| A．persuade(说服) people to stop littering |
| B．describe(描述) the beauty of Albertsville |
| C．call on(号召) people to help clean up Albertsville |
| D．compare(比较) Albertsville with neighboring towns |
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It can be seen from the picture that Mr. Liu, that wears a mask, was walking his dog. Interestingly, his dog also wears a mask.
In recent year, air pollution has become more and more serious in some areas, which have led to severe consequences. To solve this problem, firstly of all, we should raise the public awareness of protecting the environment. Secondly, the government ought punish the illegal acts of polluting the environment severe. Thirdly, we must do our best to protecting the environment in our daily life. Only in this way can human beings and animals share with a pleasant planet or live a happy life.
9 . The idea of turning recycled plastic bottles into clothing is not new. During the last five years, a large number of clothing companies, businesses and environmental organizations have started turning plastics into fabric to deal with plastic pollution. But there’s a problem with this method. Research now shows that microfibers could be the biggest source of plastic in the sea.
Dr. Mark Browne in Santa Barbara, California, has been studying plastic pollution and microfibers for 10 years now. He explains that every time synthetic clothes go into a washing machine, a large number of plastic fibers fall off. Most washing machines can’t collect these microfibers. So every time the water gets out of a washing machine, microfibers are entering the sewers and finally end up in the sea.
In 2011, Browne wrote a paper stating that a single piece of synthetic(合成的) clothing can produce more than 1, 900 fibers per wash. Browne collected samples from seawater and freshwater sites around the world, and used a special way to examine each sample. He discovered that every single water sample contained microfibers.
This is bad news for a number of reasons. Plastic can cause harm to sea life when eaten. Studies have also shown that plastic can absorb other pollutants.
Based on this evidence, it may seem surprising that companies and organizations have chosen to turn plastic waste into clothing as an environmental “solution.” Even though the science has been around for a while, Browne explains that he's had a difficult time getting companies to listen. When he asked well-known clothing companies to support Benign by Design-his research project that seeks to get clothes that have a bad effect on humans and the environment out of the market, Browne didn’t get a satisfying answer. Only one women’s clothing company, Eileen Fisher, offered Browne funding.
1. What has happened during the past five years?| A．Fabric has become much stronger. | B．Plastic pollution has been less serious. |
| C．Many plastic bottles have been reused. | D．Microfibers have been greatly improved. |
| A．It is adding microfibers to the clothes. |
| B．It is worsening environmental problems. |
| C．It is making synthetic clothes last longer. |
| D．It is doing great damage to washing machines. |
| A．It has achieved great success. | B．It hasn’t got anything done. |
| C．It is known to very few people. | D．It is facing some difficulties. |
| A．It’s important to learn to recycle |
| B．It’s never easy to solve pollution problems |
| C．Recycled plastic clothing: solution or pollution? |
| D．Are human beings moving forward or backward? |
Help Hermit Crabs
Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators (天敌). Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky (狡猾); it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems There are not enough shells to go around!
One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals, like snails, are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs (纪念品). This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong--at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build a seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance (物质) that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
假设你是交换生李华，在网上看到hermit crabs的文章。请你给当地居民写一封倡议信。
内容包括：1.介绍hermit crabs遭遇的困境；
2. 提出倡议并说明理由。
I am Li Hua.an exchange student from China. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
