3 . 语法填空

In many countries today, laws protect wildlife. In India, the need for such protection     1     (realize) centuries ago. About 300 years ago,     2     Indian writer described forests     3     were somewhat like national parks today. The killing of animals was     4     (careful) supervised(监督). Some animals were fully protected in the forest. Nobody was allowed     5    (cut) down timber(木材), burn wood for charcoal, or catch animals for their fur. Animals which became     6    (danger) to human visitors were caught or killed outside the park, so that other animals would not become uneasy.  The need for wildlife protection is     7    (great) now than before. About a thousand species of animals are in danger of dying out,     8     the rate at which they are being destroyed is increasing. If we don’t take     9    (measure) to protect wildlife, some day our children will see no living creatures     10    themselves.

4 . 众所周知，地震是一种可怕的自然灾害，往往会造成严重的人员伤亡和巨大的财产损失。那么当地震来临时，我们需要怎样做呢?请根据以下信息写一封倡议信。

在教室时	藏在课桌下面等待老师指示
在家时	藏在桌子下，不要去窗户旁边，也不要去阳台(balcony)
在街上时	不要站在建筑物、栅栏(fence)或墙边，也不要站在树下，要赶快到安全的露天的空地去

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.开头已给出，但不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earth-quake happens?

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5 . Kevin Randall, a teacher, who teaches biology at Grandville High School, runs the environmental club at the high school which has around 2, 000 students. The club is known as the GHS Green Team, and it aims to raise awareness among students and teachers of sustainability(可持续性). It also works on projects to reduce the environmental footprint of the building itself.

One of the club’s recent projects focused on reducing waste in the school cafeteria. Randall said their cafeteria supervisor told them that the school went through 54, 000 plastic forks every year. The club applied for financial help, built recycling centers for the cafeteria and bought metal silverware.

And now every student uses a durable metal fork or spoon instead of disposables（一次性用品）. “And that’s just one way we’re trying to capture the low-hanging fruit,” Randall said.

The efforts of Randall and his students have earned Grandville High School the Michigan Green School certification from the state. In addition to their work reducing waste in the cafeteria, the GHS Green Team has also built a garden with flowers and vegetables on campus. Over the years, Randall and his students have also been working on raising money to install solar panels(太阳能电池板) on the roof of the high school.

Randall said he was inspired to take the lead on environmental issues for his school because he wanted his students to have someone to turn to in the building who understands what’s at stake(有风险) when it comes to climate change.

“And I also felt like I need to do more in my life for my own two children at home,” Randall added. “They need to know that their dad is working as hard as he can to reduce the effects of climate change and to make sure that other students out there are learning about this just the way they are at home.”

1. What’s the purpose of the GHS Green Team Club?

A．To inspire students’ love for biology.

B．To promote environmental protection.

C．To finish projects given by the school.

D．To prepare students for their future jobs.

2. What’s the result of the project on the school cafeteria?

A．The service of the cafeteria is improved.

B．The fresh fruit will be offered to students.

C．The financial trouble of the cafeteria is solved.

D．The use of plastic forks has been reduced greatly.

3. What’s paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The activities organized by the club.

B．The function of the projects.

C．The features of the club.

D．The future of the club.

4. What can we know according to the passage?

A．All students know the stake of climate change now.

B．Many people took part in the project for material rewards.

C．Randall thinks it necessary to set a good example for his children.

D．Randall was unwilling to take the lead on environmental issues at first.

6 . On April 14th, 2010, my entire life changed in an instant. One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine. The next moment, metal, flesh and bone were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash. Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oncoming traffic.

As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life, another disaster also occurred on April 14th, 2010. It cost the airline industry $1.7 billion. Ten million travelers were stuck for days. Economies all over the world were disturbed. This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Iceland’s many volcanoes.

However, volcanoes are not all bad. In fact, they are necessary. They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil. This eruption gave off 0.15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily. But cancelling 48% of the world’s flight travel saved about 2.8 million tons of CO₂ from entering the atmosphere, temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint.

Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I never would have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations.

In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal (地热) energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.

I ran from April 14th, 2010, to every kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a new-found love in Earth sciences.

1. What happened to the writer on April 14th, 2010?

A．He was involved in a car crash.

B．He was stuck in Iceland’s airport.

C．He witnessed a volcanic eruption.

D．He was badly injured on a bike ride.

2. Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull?

A．Economy was cost globally by the eruption.

B．Valuable minerals were brought to the surface.

C．More carbon dioxide was sent into the air.

D．Most of the world’s planes were held up.

3. Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano?

A．It broke out on April 14th in Iceland as well.

B．It symbolized the accident that changed his life.

C．It encouraged him to know more about himself.

D．It taught him to make the most of given situation.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Inspiration from Disasters	B．Escape from Volcanoes
C．Love for Earth Science	D．Attitude toward Nature

8 . More than two thirds of the world's polar bears will be wiped out by 2050, according to a shocking new study. By then, scientists say, global warming will have melted 42 percent of the Arctic sea ice. By 2100, only a very few of these important creatures will be left.

The report has been produced by the US Geological Survey. The scientists have publicized their findings in the hope of influencing US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne, who has been asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.

Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, which are their main food. Without enough ice, polar bears would be forced to go onto the land, where they are poorly skilled hunters, and would be unlikely to adapt to the life on the land in time. Experts say few little bears would survive and the stress could make many females unable to get pregnant.

The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months studying bears, on the ground, from spotter planes and in the lab, using computer models. Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computer had been forecasting. Satellite observations have showed that the ice has decreased to an all­time low.

However, not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on such an alarming scale. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by wealthy “sportsmen” who want their skins and heads. At least ten international companies offer bear­hunting trips.

1. What do we know about Dirk Kempthorne according to the passage?

A．He is an animal scientist.

B．He is a protector of animals working for the US government.

C．He was asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.

D．He offered to put polar bears on the endangered species list.

2. Why will polar bears die out if there is not enough sea ice?

A．Because polar bears can't catch enough food without ice.

B．Because polar bears eat ice when they feel thirsty.

C．Because polar bears will be easily found by hunters without ice.

D．Because most female bears are used to giving birth under ice.

3. What is this passage mainly about?

A．Global warming makes the whole world different.

B．Human beings are responsible for the endangered species.

C．Most of the polar bears will be wiped out by the end of this century.

D．Scientists have found that most animals in the Arctic will die out by the end of this century.

10 . A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found.

Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities. The new study represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution. Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace." The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike or on foot.

One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests or on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as "deadheading", takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle. Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate (夸大)the effects of their services on pollution. Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report and that the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing. Meanwhile, the company said it would work directly with cities to address climate changes, promoting sharing trips and other means of transportation.

1. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Ride-sharing becomes a new trend that can’t be avoided.

B．Ride-sharing industry is met with criticism.

C．Ride-sharing services increase pollution.

D．Ride-sharing services need improvement.

2. The term “deadheading” in the passage refers to ________.

A．a driving process where the driver is not carrying passengers

B．a potential risk that the driver may lose control of the vehicle

C．a period of driving hours when vehicles produce more carbon dioxide

D．a situation in which a driver has too many passengers to pick up

3. From the study of ride-sharing services, we can infer that ________.

A．Ride-sharing attracts exactly the same number of people as traditional means of transport

B．the study was conducted to prove the influence of ride-sharing services on modern cities

C．ride-sharing service is not an environmentally friendly way to travel

D．the new report has forced Uber to make big changes to achieve its goal