1 . In an effort to create more environmentally friendly vacations, Norwegian cruise operator (挪威邮轮公司) Hurtigruten is making a plan to power its ships using dead fish. This doesn’t mean that Norwegian cruise liners will be doubling as fishing ships; the dead fish will come from Norway’s good fishing industry, not as any sort of by-product of the cruise industry. But it s a plan that promises to make use of the leftovers and offcuts of the fishing industry to make shipping less wasteful.

So how do dead fish get transformed into fuel? Organic waste of any kind can be mixed to produce a type of fuel known as biogas (沼气). If it sounds smelly, well…it is, and not just because of the dead fish. Biogas can also have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide, a chemical compound, which can give it a bad egg smell. It’s not a particularly attractive process, but don’ t worry: those smells won’t be given off from your cruise ship’s exhaust. The raw materials in the biogas can be cleaned, which creates liquid biogas.

What others see as a problem, we see as a resource and a solution, said Daniel Skjeldam Hurtigruten chief executive. “By introducing biogas as fuel for cruise ships, Hurtigruten will be the first cruise company to power ships with fossil-free (无化石的) fuel”

Biogas is certainly cleaner than heavy oil, but it’s not exactly carbon-free. So while the plan might be a creative way of making use of organic waste, as well as helping to get rid of fossil fuels, it’s not a perfect solution. However, it’s at least a step in a better direction. And the company will also be stopping single-use plastics on its 17 cruise ships. It’s good to see change happening in a dirty industry.

1. What kind of dead fish will be used in the plan?

A．Those from tourists.

B．Those from restaurants.

C．Those from the cruise industry.

D．Those from the fishing industry.

2. What is the limitation of the plan?

A．Biogas is smellier than heavy oil.

B．The making of biogas isn’t cost-saving

C．Biogas burning produces chemicals containing carbon.

D．The raw materials are not enough to cover the needs.

3. What does the author think of Hurtigruten’s plan?

A．It is all talk.

B．It will be of some help.

C．It is daring.

D．It will cause a debate.

4. What would be the best title for this text?

A．Dead fish will soon make power

B．Norway’s fishing industry meets a challenge

C．Smelly biogas has caused new problems

D．Hurtigruten points out the world resource issue

2 . Last year, the bushfires in Australia burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people were killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, that was the most casualties(伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.

Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia," Hausfather added on Friday.

Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.

Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity(严重) of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled bums and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).

1. What are the numbers about in paragraph 1?

A．The causes of Australian fires.	B．The results of Australian fires.
C．The damaged areas of Australian fires.	D．The property destruction of Australian fires.

2. Which of the following best explains ''susceptible to" in the second paragraph?

A．Very quickly to adapt to.

B．Very seriously to focus on.

C．Very likely to be influenced by.

D．Very easily to be protected against.

3. What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?

A．Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.

B．Global wanning is also a main cause of the bushfires.

C．Warmer ocean temperatures leads to the fires directly.

D．The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.

4. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?

A．To stress the effects of Australia fires.

B．To show the methods for land management.

C．To predict the seriousness of Australia fires.

D．To provide some advice about reducing fire damage.

3 . Endangered species

An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct.     1     Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why species become endangered.

Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.     2     Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of animals’ homes and food supplies.

    3     Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly-valued meat, fur, bones or skin, or just for sport. Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.

    4     We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial penalties. The public can help out by refusing to buy any products made from these animals’ body parts. Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. They can also provide funding for animal sanctuaries, to protect animals from extinction by breeding more endangered animals, which they later release into the wild.     5    

A．Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution.

B．Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.

C．Eventually, all the creatures on Earth will enjoy being together.

D．Recent changes, however, have helped to improve the situation.

E．So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species?

F．Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more.

G．If we all cooperate and take these steps, we will protect these animals for future generations.

4 . Environmental issues are among the most pressing concerns of seaside cities around the world that hope to find a solution through technological innovation for the growing problem.

In an interview, Annika Olsen, former prime minister of the Faroe Islands and current mayor of its capital Torshavn, expressed severe concerns about global warming. “The weather is getting warmer and the temperature of the sea is increasing, which poses a huge challenge to us as a fishery nation,” Olsen said. Faroe Islands fishery export accounts for 98 percent of the total exports, said Olsen, adding that warming of the sea is a challenge to the economy as to the environment. “We are very vulnerable to changes in the climate,” Olsen said, pointing out that “We have more rain and more extreme weather, and the snow is actually gone during wintertime.”

Olsen was one of over 300 mayors from about 70 countries around the world who participated in international conference MUNI EXPO this year, which was held in Tel Aviv. The city of Tel Aviv is noted as an innovative global center, which could be beneficial for cities devoting themselves to reducing global warming effects. Besides the mayors, about 8,000 participants took part in the annual international innovation convention, sponsored by the Federation of Local Authorities in Israel (FLAI).

“Each town or city is unique, but many of the challenges we face are shared,” Haim Bibas, chairman of FLAI and mayor of Modiin, said. “Coastal cities must deal with the burden of beach tourism, pollution from the sea, the destruction of reefs and rising sea levels and flooding, securing ports and coastal borders.” All cities must protect infrastructure (基础设施), ensure the high quality of air in urban areas, provide smart solutions for global warming, and invest in green energy, he added.

About 170 companies showed their unique technology at the exhibition part of the conference. Mindaugas, president of the Association of Local Authorities in Lithuania, said that there were more technologies focusing on the environment, and that could make the cities more sustainable.

1. What is the Faroe Islands’ main income?

A．Fishery.

B．Agriculture.

C．Industry.

D．Tourism.

2. What’s the aim of the conference MUNI EXPO?

A．To protect the fishery of island countries.	B．To reduce the threat of global climate change.
C．To introduce international technological innovation.	D．To improve the economy of island countries.

3. Which of the following is Haim Bibas likely to agree with?

A．Not all towns or cities are unique.

B．Different cities have different challenges.

C．Coastal cities face similar problems.

D．Pollution is the most serious problem to coastal cities.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Coastal cities hope to invest in green energy.

B．Coastal cities hope to be more sustainable.

C．The latest technology about improving environment.

D．a convention about protecting infrastructure in coastal cities.

5 . Do you still remember the haze（雾霾）in the winter? So many people got terribly ill during or after the haze.     1    Here is advice for you to protect yourself in hazy weather.

Spend less time outdoors.This is the most effective way for self-protection in such bad weather.With PM2.5 increasing 103mg per cubic meter,residents will risk a 2.29% increase of death,which experts found out in 2012.If you have to get out,avoid riding bicycles.    2    

Close your windows.Experts advice residents to avoid opening windows at home.If you have to ,avoid the time when smog is at its densest（浓的）.    3    Besides,you can keep plants with broad leaves at home to absorb dust,and use air purifiers（清洁器）.

Smoke less.    4    In hazy weather,smoking would be even more harmful.Smokers are advised to keep their distance from cigarettes before the weather gets better.

    5    For example ,wear special masks outside to avoid breathing in PM2.5.Then take off your coat after getting indoors and keep it away from your other clean clothes,Don’t forget to wash your face,rinse（漱）your mouth,and clean your nasal cavity（鼻腔）to clean the particulate matters（颗粒物）that fall on you.Last but not least,keep off stimulating（刺激性）foods.

A．Wear masks.

B．Pay attention to other daily things.

C．Also avoid rush hours,when pollutants will be denser.

D．That’s because haze does harm to the health of people.

E．Cigarettes could cause more particulate matters,which are included in PM2.5 .

F．Take more fruits and vegetables instead,which are good for lung,spleen（脾）and kidney（肾）.

G．For residents who use air-conditioner,make sure your apartment has enough oxygen indoors.

6 . Plastic is piling up in ecosystems all over the world. Although its harmful impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, a few animals—like bowerbirds and hermit crabs—are doing what they can to recycle it. And according to a recent study, wild bees in Canada have joined the effort, which is a rare observation of behavioral flexibility in species especially insects, in increasingly plastic-rich environments.

The researchers found two species of leafcutter bees putting plastic into their nests. One of the bees they studied, the alfalfa leafcutter bee, normally bites off pieces of leaves and flowers while the second bee gathers sticky substances from trees. Leafcutter bees don't build big nests or store honey like honeybees, choosing instead small nests in underground holes, tree holes or cracks （裂缝）in buildings. But the researchers found that three of eight brood cells（育雏巢室）contained pieces of plastic bags, replacing 23 percent of the cut leaves in each cell on average.

While they don't make honey, alfalfa leafcutter bees still make money for the U. S. and Canadian farmers by pollinating（给......传授花粉）crops including alfalfa , carrots and melons. The European insects were introduced to North America in the 1930s for that purpose, and they've since become wild, joining the continent's many native species of leafcutter bees.

In a separate study conducted in Argentina between 2017 and 2018, researchers found a bee nest made entirely of plastic, which consisted of three separate cells. It's the first known example of such construction worldwide. Compared to the other nests the researchers examined, which were made of natural materials, this one had a pretty lower success rate of the bees' survival. One of the cells had a dead baby bee , another seemed to have housed an adult that had left the nest, and the third was unfinished.

1. What does the animals' use of plastic show according to the study?

A．How widely plastic is used.

B．How strange the behavior of wildlife is.

C．How some wildlife is adapting to plastic.

D．How plastic pollution has harmed them.

2. What do leaves mean to alfalfa leafcutter bees?

A．Food.	B．Shelter.
C．A plastic substitute.	D．Traditional nest materials.

3. Which is one characteristic of leafcutter bees?

A．They have great economic value.

B．They store honey like honeybees.

C．They prefer to live in tree holes.

D．They have evolved into a new species.

4. What was the nest made entirely of plastic like?

A．It might be warmer.	B．It might be unhealthy.
C．It might be easy to finish.	D．It might be recyclable.

7 . The expression“a thirst for knowledge" may soon have a new meaning for millions of people who have no way to get clean water. Researchers have developed a book with specially treated pages that can turn dirty water into clean and drinkable water. They say their invention could improve the lives of many in the developing world.

About 700 million people around the world are at risk of disease or even death because their drinking water is not clean. The water is polluted by harmful bacteria.

The book contains 25 pages. Each page is about one millimeter thick. The pages contain very small particles (微粒) of silver. The pages can be used as filters（过滤器）to remove harmful microorganisms(微生物) that can pollute drinking water. The filter kills the organisms that pass through it.

Pictures on the pages show the dangers of dirty water and how to use the book for those unable to read. The pages are made of filter paper. They are designed to be torn from the book. Water can be poured through the paper to be cleaned.

Ms. Dankovich, the inventor, says each page can treat up to 100 liters of water. She recently presented her invention at the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts. She was asked whether she had considered adding classic literature on the book's pages.

"The idea of classic texts—that's of interest maybe later. We have discussed a little bit more exciting text. But we really haven't had the time to go through that part," she says.

Teri Dankovich and another researcher tested the drinkable book in Bangladesh, Ghana and South Africa. The tests proved to be successful.

Water for Life, a non-governmental organization, has provided financial support for the project.

1. What do we learn about the book from the text?

A．It has pages with several functions.	B．It is about environment protection.
C．It sells well around the world.	D．It can treat about 100 liters of water.

2. What does the underlined phrase "that part" in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A．Classic texts.	B．Exciting discussion.
C．Invention presentation.	D．Financial support.

3. In which country did not the researchers test the drinkable book?

A．Ghana	B．Bangladesh.
C．South Africa.	D．America.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Researchers have found a way to save those being ill.

B．Book pages could provide safe drinking water.

C．Knowledge is as important as drinkable water.

D．Millions of people are in great need of drinkable water.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

We are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly humans     1     are responsible for the destruction of the environment. Activities such as mass farming and burning       2     (harm) our climate now-and we are suffering too through natural     3       (disaster) such as flooding and droughts.

One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is deforestation (砍伐森林). This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s     4     (large) rainforest. Deforestation there     5     (hit) its highest rate in the past decade, according to official data. The result of widespread deforestation has threatened     6     centuries-old way of life. The future of the rainforest could be     7     danger of being damaged.

The amount of deforestation in the Amazon has     8     (actual) seen a decline but the figures are still large. Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by     9    (introduce) government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations. While humans are largely     10     (blame) for the destruction of the rainforest, it seems only humans will tackle this problem and save planet Earth.

9 . What is eco­fashion? Eco-fashion is about making clothes that take into account the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry.

    1     Firstly, the production of textiles(纺织品)pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton­planting uses pesticides(杀虫剂)；sheep­farming and wool­cleaning contribute to global warming；Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve chemicals which evidently do harm to the surroundings.    2    Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now so quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.

    3    To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable (可持续的)materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste.     4    

There is some concern that eco-friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but in fact, more and more people are concerning about this and we can make sure that doesn’t happen.    5    

A．Then, how to solve the problems?

B．They relate directly to our personal health.

C．Because choosing eco­fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.

D．In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water.

E．The fashion industry has developed quickly.

F．On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.

G．A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems.

10 . 最近一段时间我国多个地方出现雾霾天气，极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。请你以此为话题，写一篇英语短文，向某英文报投稿。文章应包括以下要点：
1.对生活造成的影响；
2.建议采取的措施。
要求：1.词数100左右；

2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：零霾smog

Recently smog has occurred in many areas of China, _____________________________________________

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