1 . 阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。

Looking for a fun Earth Day activity? You may want to try plogging------picking up litter while jogging. Strange as it may sound, the new “sport” is becoming popular with runners worldwide, many of whom are posting photos of images holding bags of trash on social media.

Derived from（起源于）the word jogging and “plocka upp”, the Swedish phrase for pick up, plogging is the idea of Erik Alstrom. In 2016, after moving to Stockholm from northern Sweden, Alstrom was shocked by the amount of rubbish there, so he began incorporating（将…包括在内）picking up rubbish into his daily runs.

Other joggers soon joined Alstrom, and by the end of 2016, plogging had appeared all across Sweden. As plogging became popular on social media, the new “sport”   began to spread beyond Sweden, first to other European countries and then worldwide.

The official online “Plogga” group now includes members from over 40 countries. Many school running clubs are also getting in on the action, posting photographs of themselves after going plogging together, or staging competitions that reward the runners with the heaviest trash bags.

As it turns out, plogging is not only good for the environment but also for people’s   health. According to Swedish fitness app Lifesun, an average person burns about 288 calories while plogging for half an hour. This is about 50 calories more than he/she would burn when just jogging. Additionally, lowering the body to pick up litter increases the plogger’s flexibility, while carrying around the increasingly heavy garbage bags helps strengthen his/her arm muscles.

This Earth Day, be sure to put on your running shoes, take a trash bag or two, and go plogging. Or better still, start a plogging team at school, or around your neighborhood, and make every day Earth Day!

1. What is plogging?(不多于5个单词)
2. Why did Alstrom have the idea of plogging after moving to Stockholm?（不多于10个单词）
3. When had plogging appeared all across Sweden?（不多于5个单词）
4. What is plogging good for?（不多于5个单词）

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What can we learn from the news?

A．No villager was killed.

B．15 houses were badly damaged.

C．Over 200 people were made homeless.

2. How many people were badly injured in the storm?

A．Seven.

B．Nine.

C．Ten.

3. What do we know about the farmer?

A．His house was destroyed.

B．His wife was missing.

C．One of his children was killed.

4. What did the woman do when she saw her house shaking?

A．She tried to take something out.

B．She rushed out with her children.

C．She told her husband not to leave.

7 . The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short trip from camp. On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we're here to observe Tibetan antelopes.

Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet,Xinjiang and Qinghai.Watch them move slowly across the green grass. I'm attracted by the lovely animals.I'm also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being killed for their valuable fur.

My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protesting the wildlife is a way of life."We're not tying to save the animals.” he says,"Actually, we're trying to save ourselves."

Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped by over 50 percent. People were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.

In order to save the animals, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.

The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015.the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in danger. The government, however,does not intend to stop the protection programs, since the threats (威胁) to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.

Much is being done to protect wildlife but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in peace with nature.

1. The author went to Tibet in order to     .

A．breathe fresh air in Tibet	B．enjoy the scene in Tibet
C．learn the history of Tibet	D．observe Tibetan antelopes

2. Where does Zhaxi work?

A．In Tibet.	B．In Xinjiang
C．In Qinghai.	D．In Sichuan

3. What happened to the Tibetan antelope between the 1980s and 1990s?

A．Tibetan antelopes were well protected.

B．Tibetan antelopes population dropped

C．Tibetan antelopes lived in peace with people

D．Tibetan antelopes destroyed new roads and railways,

4. According to Paragrah6, the measures taken by the Chinese government were .

A．Useless

B．basic

C．successful

D．simple

5. What's the purpose of the text?

A．To kill the Tibetan antelope.	B．To study the Tibetan antelope.
C．To watch the Tibetan antelope.	D．To protect the Tibetan antelope.

8 . “The fact that the smoke reached São Paulo and blackened an afternoon proves how unusual the fires that burn in the countryside of Brazil are,” Ricardo Mello, head of the World Wide Fund for Nature's (WWF) Amazon program, said.

The latest figures come at a time of international protest against the inaction of President Jair Bolsonaro's administration. In July, Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) showed data to the public, which indicated that there had been a significant rise in deforestation (毁林) rates. Particularly, the figures showed that in July 2019, deforestation had increased nearly 300 percent in comparison to the same month in 2018.

Environmentalists are becoming increasingly concerned, accusing the government of encouraging deforestation and those who want to make use of the forest for commercial gain. During his time in power, Bolsonaro has moved to rob some power of government agencies that are responsible for protecting the rainforest as well as regulations covering native lands and nature reserves. Bolsonaro sees these kinds of regulations as a drag on economic growth in the Amazon region.

Fire in the Amazon is used as a technique to clear land for agriculture. “Farmers clear cut land to make way for agriculture, and then wait for the dry season to set fire to clear the land so they can plant，” Mello said. “It's likely that all of these forest fires are deliberately set by humans.”

Now it is the dry season in the Amazon, which means conditions in many parts of the rainforest are suitable for the fires to spread over large areas. “It is very unlikely that those fires break out naturally，” Mello said. “It is important to remember that 2019 is not a strong El Niño year. When we have strong El Niños, weather gets drier in the northern part of Brazil and this favors fires. This is not the case of 2019.”

1. Why are deforestation figures of 2018 and 2019 compared?

A．To share knowledge of the Amazon forest.

B．To show how the Brazil president governs.

C．To stress the seriousness of deforestation.

D．To express the anger of environmentalists.

2. What does President Bolsonaro do for deforestation?

A．Weakening relevant government agencies.

B．Encouraging the fight for commercial gain.

C．Using techniques to clear land for agriculture.

D．Defending regulations about nature reserves.

3. What are the weather conditions of the Amazon when the fires break out?

A．They're fit for fires to break out naturally.

B．The Amazon experiences the dry season.

C．They're possible for fires to spread everywhere.

D．The Amazon is just in a strong El Niño year.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Jair Bolsonaro's Administration Was Accused

B．Farmers Cleared Amazon Land for Agriculture

C．Unusual Rainforest Fires: Effects on Health and Weather

D．Amazon Fires: Possibly Linked to Environmental Policies

9 . Average age is rising around the world——a demographic (人口统计)change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change.

Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests.

They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children's energy consumption (消耗)climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person's home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命)seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age.

Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges," says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65—probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse.

Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放)，and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free.

“This confluence (汇集)of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thinking about," says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people's energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.

"This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy, says Sovacool.

Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. "What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy," she says.

1. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier" in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that ______.

A．poor people can't bring down the high demand for energy

B．a comfortable life is not the main cause of in creased energy use

C．there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption

D．people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption

2. Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support?

A．Energy will stop increasing when people get older.

B．His research could inspire policymakers to change current polices.

C．Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered.

D．Old people should use fossil fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool.

3. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation?

A．It is expensive and difficult to promote.

B．It overestimates the household energy consumption.

C．It did not take climate change adaptation into account.

D．It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing.

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．More emphasis should be put on people's energy use.

B．The government can't do much without the support of the study.

C．It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy.

D．Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people's energy use.

10 . Skeptics are strange a lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt" brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.

Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the "real state of the world" as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.

So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that "After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down."

Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's "preference for unexamined materials is incredible".

A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.

1. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as "skeptics"?

A．People who agree on the popularity of "eco-guilt".

B．People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.

C．People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.

D．People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.

2. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's books?

A．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.

B．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.

C．The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews.

D．Industry–funded media present confusing information.

3. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_________.

A．find fault with Lomborg's book

B．voice a different opinion

C．challenge the authority of the media

D．point out the value of scientific views

4. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

A．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.

B．To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.

C．To blame the media's lack of responsibility in information.

D．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.