1 . “The era of global warming has ended and the era of global boiling has arrived,” the UN secretary general, Antonio Guterres, said after scientists confirmed July 2023 was the world’s hottest month on record.

“Humanity is in the hot seat,” Guterres told a press conference on Thursday. “For vast parts of North America, Asia, Africa and Europe, it is a cruel summer. For the entire planet, it is a disaster. And for scientists, it is clear that humans are to blame. Climate change is here, it is terrifying, and it is just the beginning. The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.”

Guterres urged politicians to take swift action. “The air is unbreathable, the heat is unbearable, and the level of fossil fuel profits and climate inaction is unacceptable. Leaders must lead. No more hesitancy, no more excuses, and no more waiting for others to move first. There is simply no more time for that.”

“It is still possible to limit global temperature rise to 1.5℃and avoid the very worst of climate change but only with dramatic, immediate climate action. We have seen some progress, but none of this is going far enough or fast enough. Accelerating temperatures demand accelerated action.”

The WMO secretary general, Petteri Taalas, said, “The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is more urgent than ever before. Climate action is not a luxury but a must.”

Other climate scientists confirmed the findings. Karsten Haustein at Leipzig University found the world was 1.5℃ hotter in July 2023 than in the average July before industrialisation.

Marina Romanello, a climate and health researcher at University College London, said, “We have data showing how the very foundations of health are being undermined by climate change. But we still have time today to turn the tide and to ensure a liveable future for us and our children.”

1. What made Guterres feel worried?

A．Global economy.	B．Natural disasters.
C．Serious pollution.	D．Rising temperatures.

2. Why did Gutemes use the phrase “global boiling”?

A．To appeal to quick action.	B．To change people’s concept.
C．To frighten the general public.	D．To make his report vivid.

3. How does the author develop the text?

A．By analyzing some facts.	B．By quoting some experts.
C．By offering statistics.	D．By giving explanations.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．Global Bailing: It Is Time to Act.

B．Global Boiling: Who Is to Blame?

C．Global Boiling: It Isn’t That Serious

D．Global Boling: What Measure Should Be Taken?

3 . American researchers say they have developed a method to remove carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the sea. The researchers say the process can be an additional way to help reduce CO₂ from the environment to fight the effects of climate change.

Plants and currents in the ocean absorb large amounts of CO₂ from the atmosphere. The sea is estimated to have drawn in about 30 percent of carbon emissions since the Industrial Revolution. But carbon emissions also make oceans more acidic (酸性的). It can hurt coral reefs, which are sensitive to ocean acidity. Reef damage then do damage to the growth of many kinds of sea life.

Gaurav Sant, director of UCLA’s Institute for Carbon Management, said the technology is meant to use the ocean’s natural abilities to reduce carbon levels in the sea. The process sends an electrical charge through seawater flowing through tanks on a large boat. That sets off a series of chemical reactions that turn the carbon emissions into a solid mineral that includes calcium carbonate (碳酸钙). The seawater then returned to the ocean and can pull more carbon dioxide out of the air. The calcium carbonate settles to the sea floor.

The process has already been demonstrated in California. Researchers are working on plans to launch another project in Singapore. The two projects are expected to be fully operational by 2025. Researchers say they are expected to remove thousands of tons of CO₂ per year. If successful, the plan is to build additional centers to remove millions of tons of carbon each year.

But experts say even if that amount of carbon can be removed, that is still thousands of times less than what will be needed to effectively reduce climate change. Margaret Leinen, director of an ocean research center, said, “While the process will likely be effective, I question how much effect it will have on climate change over a long period.” Sant said the success of such technology will greatly rely on “how fast you can build the centers”.

1. What can we learn about carbon emissions from the text?

A．Most of them are taken in by the oceans.

B．They can harm many kinds of sea life indirectly.

C．Removal of them poses a serious threat to coral reefs.

D．They will decrease ocean acidity when absorbed by seawater.

2. What does the author mainly intend to tell us in paragraph 3?

A．How a series of reactions form.

B．How an electrical charge is sent.

C．How the carbon emissions turned into a solid material.

D．How the ocean reduces carbon levels with its own natural abilities.

3. What is Margaret Leinen’s attitude to the process of removing CO₂ from the sea?

A．Opposed.

B．Concerned.

C．Approving.

D．Disbelieving.

4. What would the author most probably talk about next?

A．The approaches to protecting coral reefs.

B．The construction of industrial-sized centers.

C．The process of reducing CO2 from the environment.

D．The techniques to remove calcium carbonate from the sea floor.

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How much in total will be used in earthquake relief?

A．£60 million.

B．£100 million.

C．£160 million.

2. How can people express their willing to help the rescue team?

A．By contacting the radio program.

B．By calling a charity organization.

C．By leaving personal information at a website.

3. What is the main purpose of the talk?

A．To forecast the weather of this week.

B．To praise sponsors in the disaster relief.

C．To update information about the earthquake.

8 . Sounds from human activity flood across the oceans, causing trouble to ocean creatures. And climate (气候) change may make some places even louder.

Researchers have expected the oceans to get noisier because of increasing human activity. “The more goods you buy, the more shipping you have, so the more noise you have.” says Luca Possenti, a scientist studying sound in the ocean at the Royal Netherlands Institute. But Possenti and his co-worker realized that climate change might also influence how sound travels through the water.

Human-caused climate change is changing ocean temperatures, salt levels and acidity (酸度). So Possenti’s team used computers to model how those factors (因素) influence noise levels across the world’s oceans.

When waters become more acidic, they can’t take in sound at some wavelengths as well, so those sounds can travel further, adding to the noise in some areas. This effect is relatively small. Other changes impact the sound level more, the researchers found. Changes to temperature and salt levels can change how well different layers (层) of the ocean mix, which, in turn, impacts how sound travels.

The team predicted (预测) models of the world in about 70 years if climate change continues. And then they compared them with models of the world now. In the North Atlantic, they saw an increase in sound levels in the upper 125 meters of the ocean. This was caused mostly by ice melting (融化) off of Greenland, forming a cold layer of water near the ocean’s surface. Sound traveling through water tends to go toward the coldest area. As a result, sound waves tended to get stuck in the cold top layer-spreading further out across the water, instead of traveling deeper. That increased the noisiness at this depth in the North Atlantic. The models suggested that a single ship could sound about five times as loud underwater because of this. Considering all the ship traffic between Europe and North America, that may stress animals, many of which communicate, and catch food with sound.

1. How is paragraph 2 developed?

A．By quoting an expert.	B．By using examples.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By presenting research findings.

2. What is paragraph 4 mainly talking about?

A．Effects of temperature changes.	B．Some risk factors for a nosier sea.
C．Impacts of acidity on wavelengths.	D．Ways oceans mix and sound travels.

3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Sea animals will be protected from noises.

B．Added meltwater does more harm than good.

C．Greenland is hit the hardest by climate change.

D．The result of the research is based on prediction.

4. What leads to the sound change in the North Atlantic according to Possenti’s research?

A．Increase in salt levels.	B．Failure of acidity control.
C．Change in the ocean depths.	D．Formation of a cold water layer.

9 . 使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
1. 我是李华，谨代表我校写信对你们的努力和帮助表示真诚的感谢。否则我们的城市可能会遭受更大的破坏。
2. 令人震惊的是，重庆受高温和干旱袭击，导致烈火发生。
3. 你们来了，及时提供了援助。
4. 尽管许多志愿者极其疲惫，依然专心于运送物资。
5. 正是你们不懈的努力和决心结束了这次自然灾害。（强调句）
6. 我们被你们深深感动，我们决定竭尽全力使我们的城市更美好。
Dear volunteers,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

10 . 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。
Dear Sir/Madam,

    1     (我写信感谢你的及时救援), without which my life couldn’t return to normal.

A few days ago,     2     (一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡), leaving many houses in ruins.     3     (shock) to find everything buried under the fallen houses, I burst into tears.     4     (世界似乎到了尽头). Thankfully, although you were strangers, you     5     (不遗余力) provide enough food and water for us to survive on. With strong support from the government and your generous aid, a new town was built upon the earthquake     6     (ruin).

I can’t express my gratitude too much.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua