1 . Name an active volcano: Fuji, Vesuvius, Mt. St. Helens, or even Iceland’s infamous Eyjafjallajokull—every single one of them has a decent-size population at the base, and some of them have full-blown big cities. Why do people choose to live near a ticking time bomb?
It all starts with the soil. The molten (熔化的) rock that pours forth during a volcanic eruption is known as magma (岩浆) when it’s underground, and lava once it reaches the surface. Magma takes other things up with it—minerals and nutrients that are then broken down to make the soil extra productive. The result is that on volcanic soil, tomatoes grow bigger, beans grow greener, and flowers grow brighter.
In Mexico, the active Popocatepetl and the inactive Iztaccihuatl are at the center of a centuries-old legend, and the Aztecs certainly weren’t going to abandon the place most closely associated with their cultural heroes. Meanwhile, in Iceland, the cruelty of the volcano Hekla became a point of pride. Some Christians on the island believed it was literally a gateway to Hell, while others told a tale of an evil magician driven off by the volcano’s lava bombs.
That explains why people have been living near volcanoes since the dawn of man. But as technology has advanced, the benefits of volcanoes have only increased. In Iceland and New Zealand, for example, geothermal energy plants have come to play a primary role in keeping the countries’ lights on. That wouldn’t be possible without the volcanoes that created the islands in the first place. Plus, the unmatched sights created by volcanic networks aren’t just pleasant to live near; they’re also a major draw of tourist dollars. That kind of thing can’t be ignored.
Whatever the draw, it’s clear that volcanoes have a lot to offer the people who live in their shadows. Living near a volcano is a lot like betting, but in this case, you’re going to want to get out before things get too hot.
1. Why are some volcanoes mentioned in Paragraph1?| A．To introduce a volcano-related topic. | B．To make comparisons between them. |
| C．To show how important volcanoes are. | D．To highlight the most famous one worldwide. |
| A．Some active and inactive volcanoes worldwide. |
| B．Associations between city heroes and volcanoes. |
| C．Some unbelievable beliefs and cruelty of volcanoes. |
| D．The cultural role volcanoes play in some civilizations. |
| A．Technology plays a key role in a country. | B．Volcanoes can generate economic profits. |
| C．Volcanoes created some island countries. | D．It is vital to build a network of volcanoes. |
| A．How Can Volcanoes Serve the Locals? |
| B．Where Do People Actually Choose to Live? |
| C．Why Do People Live near Active Volcanoes? |
| D．What Will Volcano Tourism Go in the Future? |
1．观看时间及地点；
2．内容介绍；
3．谈谈反响。
注意：
1．词数 100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
纪录片 documentary
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文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Thanks for your concern in your letter about the smog which frequent strikes some areas of China. I'm also very worrying about such a terrible weather. It has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people's health such as road accident, bad coughs and even lung cancers and so on. It is known to all, good environment comes from careful protection. But we should do what we can protect it. I believe a small step can make a different. Try to drive less and choose air- friendly products. Only when everyone had the environmental awareness can we have a blue sky. Hope to hear from you and share my good ideas.
4 . In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen becomes the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that are called hurricanes, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.
The great storms that hit the coast start as soft circling wind hundreds—even thousands—of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the southeast winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a wind, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat is changed to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to move in a counter－clockwise motion.
The life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12 inch downpours, causing sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea — the mountains of water moving toward the hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.
1. When is an ordinary tropical storm called a hurricane?| A．When it begins in the Atlantic and Caribbean seas. | B．When it hits the coastline. |
| C．When it is more than 75 miles wide. | D．When its winds reach 75 miles per hour. |
| A．The terrible effects of water. | B．The heat they give off. |
| C．That they last about nine days. | D．Their strong winds. |
| A．heavy rainfall | B．the progress of water to the hurricane center |
| C．dangerous waves | D．the increasing heat |
| A．It travels more than 75 miles per hour. |
| B．It usually stays about 9 days. |
| C．It usually causes 6 to 12 inch downpours. |
| D．It sometimes brings the sea water level to the height of 15 feet. |
5 . A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.
More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.
Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight (困境)of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.
The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. "Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year," Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U. S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.
1. What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?| A．Food shortage. | B．Climate change. |
| C．Habitats, movement to shore. | D．Their preference for land. |
| A．Excited. | B．Puzzled. | C．Concerned. | D．Shocked. |
| A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn. |
| B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually. |
| C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide. |
| D．Tourism affects the balance of nature. |
| A．The fittest can survive. | B．After a storm comes a calm. |
| C．There is always opportunity in crisis. | D．Every coin has two sides. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从11处起)不计分。
Last Sunday, I go sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds sing. When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught my eyes. A young couple in a boat was eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. What's worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake, total ignoring the noticeable sign "No Littering" nearby. What a shame!
Such behavior, that left me deep in thought, was terrible. If all visitor to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will be severely polluted but soon turned into a huge dustbin. I think all of us should mind their behavior in public places. Only in this way can we live in less comfortable and beautiful surroundings.
7 . The World Wildlife Fund for Nature - WWF - reports that nearly 3 billion animals were killed or displaced by Australia’s wildfires in 2019 and 2020. The number, reported in late July, was about three times higher than an earlier WWF estimate. “It ranks as one of the worst wildlife disasters in modern history,” said WWF - Australia Chief Executive officer Dermot O’ Gorman.
The WWF said it used different methods to estimate wildlife populations, including information from over 100, 000 studies. The scientists created models to estimate the number of creatures found in areas destroyed by fire. Project leader Lily Van Eeden from the University of Sydney said the research was the first continent - wide examination of animals affected by wildfires. “Other nations can build upon this research to improve understanding of bushfire impacts everywhere,” she said.
Those creatures that fled destroyed habitats faced a lack of food and shelter or the likelihood of moving into already occupied habitats. Researchers said the destruction will cause some species to become extinct before their existence is even recorded. “We don’t even know what we are losing,” said Chris Dickman, a professor of ecology at the University of Sydney. “These were species that were here and now they have gone. . . It’s almost too tragic to think about,” Dickman added.
The WWF report calls for improvements in habitat connectivity to help species escape from fires. It also calls for identifying and protecting habitat that was not burned to help save threatened species. An expanded report on the study is expected later this year.
The wildfires started in September 2019 and continued through March of this year. Scientists say the fires were fueled by higher than normal temperatures and years of drought in the Australian bush. The fires caused 34 human deaths and destroyed nearly 3, 000 homes. The WWF said that over the past year, it had raised money from donors to allocate emergency aid to the front lines of the fires to help injured and displaced wildlife.
1. What do we know about Australia’s wildfires in 2019 and 2020?| A．They were the worst disasters in history. |
| B．Over 3 billion animals died in the wildfires. |
| C．They caused more damage than calculated earlier. |
| D．Most animals moved to already occupied habitats. |
| A．Astonished. | B．Pained. | C．Annoyed. | D．Puzzled. |
| A．The wildfires last a whole year. |
| B．The wildfires were caused by the heat. |
| C．The wildfires also cause damages to humans. |
| D．The wildfires were soon under control with donations. |
| A．Humans shouldn’t occupy wildlife habitat. |
| B．Humans shouldn’t overestimate the bushfire. |
| C．We should raise money for wildlife protection. |
| D．We should develop the methods to prevent wildfires. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Yesterday I was walking around the park while I saw some rubbishes left on the ground. People just walk by as if they had not seen it. I thought I would do something differently. I picked up and put it into a nearby dustbin. I was felt nice because I saw someone else doing a same thing as I had just done. I thought my kindness had affected him. Saving the Earth is save us humans. It is a good lesson what we should learn in life and together we can make the Earth a good place to live one step at a time.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Dear Mr. Green,
With World Water Day drawing nearly, our school is planning a series of relating activities. I’m writing to invite you for a lecture concern waste water recycling. The lecture will be hold in our school hall from 4:00 to 5:30 in the afternoon of March 19. We hope it can arouse student’s awareness of water crisis. Therefore, we also hope it can help students get into the habit of saving and recycling water. Make a good use of water from now on, so we together will make a big difference. I would appreciate if you could accept my invitation. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
10 . If you are worried about the planet, please make sure your rubbish is buried under the ground.
People talk about “reduce, reuse, recycle.” It sounds like a good idea. There is a problem, though. Recycling costs too much money.
Even the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says it only makes sense economically and environmentally to recycle about 35 percent of disabled (废弃的) materials. Among those materials are paper and aluminum(铝) cans. Recycling 1 ton of paper or aluminum cans, the agency says, can save about 3 tons of CO2 emissions (排放物) over producing those materials anew. Paper producers pay for the trees they process. If it was cost-effective to recycle paper, producers would be beating down your door to buy it. But they aren’t. That means it’s more expensive to recycle old paper than to cut trees and then replant trees for processing.
Plastic can be recycled too. Given the recent drop in crude oil (原油) prices, it is now cheaper to make a new plastic container than to recycle an old one. Even if that were not true, the EPA says that recycling a ton of plastic saves only about a ton of CO2. However, it doesn’t take into account the water most consumers use to wash their plastic containers before having them recycled. The New York Times journalist John Tierney recently wrote, “If you wash plastic in water that was heated by electricity, then the effort of your recycling could be more carbon in the atmosphere.”
Glass is another recyclable material. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1 ton you have to recycle 3 tons of glass. If one includes the cost of collecting glass waste from neighborhoods, and the pollution produced by the collection trucks and the recycling process itself, glass recycling creates more greenhouse gas emissions and is more expensive than making new glass, which comes primarily from sand that exists everywhere.
If recycling were truly cost-effective, private companies would be lining up at your doorstep to buy your rubbish. Don’t look now because they’re not there.
1. What’s the EPA’s attitude to recycling aluminum cans?| A．It is helpful to the environment. |
| B．It is actually a waste of money. |
| C．It costs less than recycling paper. |
| D．It costs the same as producing new cans. |
| A．The crude oil. |
| B．The water pollution |
| C．The process to clean it. |
| D．The electricity for lights. |
| A．It results in lots of waste in neighborhood. |
| B．The material for new glass can be easily got. |
| C．It is slightly more expensive than recycling glass. |
| D．Making 3 tons of new glass produces 1 ton of carbon emissions. |
| A．Recycling will disappear soon. |
| B．Companies will line up at your doorstep. |
| C．Recycling is a way to deal with your rubbish. |
| D．Companies won’t bother to collect discarded materials. |
